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Cabinet painting

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Type of small painting
A corner of acabinet of curiosities, painted byFrans II Francken in 1636, with several cabinet paintings among other types of object
LeBaron de Besenval dans son salon de compagnie at theHôtel de Besenval, byHenri-Pierre Danloux (1791). In 1786,Luc-Vincent Thiéry was given access to the room and described it in details in his guide on Paris of 1787.Colin B. Bailey notes that this intimate picture"deserves to be known as the single oil painting produced in the 18th century of a French private collector in his picture cabinet." NowNational Gallery.[1][2][3][4]

Acabinet painting (orcabinet picture) is a smallpainting, typically no larger than two feet (0.61 meters) in either dimension, but often much smaller.[5] The term is especially used for paintings that show full-length figures or landscapes at a small scale, rather than a head or other object painted nearly life-size. Such paintings are done very precisely, with a great degree of "finish".[6]

From the fifteenth century onward, wealthy collectors of art would keep these paintings in acabinet, which was a relatively small and private room (often very small even in large houses) to which only those with whom they were on especially intimate terms would be admitted. A cabinet, also known as a closet, study (from the Italian studiolo), office, or by other names, might be used as an office or just a sitting room. Heating the main rooms in large palaces or mansions in the winter was difficult, so small rooms such as cabinets were more comfortable. They offered more privacy from servants or other household members and visitors. Typically, a cabinet would be for the use of a single individual; a large house might have at least two (his and hers) and often more.

The Flight into Egypt, byAdam Elsheimer,Alte Pinakothek, Munich. 31 × 41 cm

Later, cabinet paintings might be housed in a display case, also known as acabinet, but the term cabinet arose from the name (originally in Italian) of the room, not the piece of furniture. Other small and precious objects, includingminiature paintings, "curiosities" of all sorts (seecabinet of curiosities),old master prints, books, or small sculptures might also be displayed in the room.

A rare example of a surviving cabinet with its contents probably little changed since the early eighteenth century is atHam House in Richmond, London. It is less than ten feet square, and leads off from the Long Gallery which is over a hundred feet long and twenty feet wide, giving a rather startling change in scale and atmosphere. As is often the case, it has a view of the front entrance to the house, so that passersby and daily activities can be observed. Most surviving large houses or palaces, especially from before 1700, have such rooms, but they are often not displayed or accessible to visitors.

The magnificentManneristStudiolo of Francesco I Medici inFlorence is larger than most examples and rather atypical in that most of the paintings were commissioned for the room.

There is an equivalent type of small sculpture, usuallybronzes. The leading exponent in the late Renaissance wasGiambologna, who produced sizeable editions of reduced versions of his large works, and also made many exclusively in small scale.[7] These sculptures were designed to be picked up and handled, even fondled. Smallantiquities were also very commonly displayed in such rooms, including rare coinage.

Saint George Fighting the Dragon by Raphael,Louvre, 31 × 27 cm

Small paintings have been produced during all periods of Western art, but some periods and artists are especially noticeable for them.Raphael produced many cabinet paintings, and all the paintings of the important German artistAdam Elsheimer (1578–1610) could be so described. The works of these two were much copied. The Dutch artists of the seventeenth century had an enormous output of small paintings. The painters of theLeiden School were especially noted "Fijnschilders" or "fine painters" producing highly finished small works.Watteau,Fragonard and other French 18th-century artists produced many small works, generally emphasizing spirit and atmosphere rather than a detailed finish. In modern times the term is not as common as it was in the 19th century, but remains in use among art historians.

A "cabinet miniature" is a largerportrait miniature, usually full-length and typically up to about ten inches (25 cm) high. These were first painted in England, from the end of the 1580s, initially byNicholas Hilliard andIsaac Oliver.[8]

In 1991, an exhibition entitled "Cabinet Painting" toured London,Hove Museum and Art Gallery andGlynn Vivian Art Gallery and Museum, Swansea. It included more than sixty cabinet paintings by contemporary artists.

References

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  1. ^C. B. Bailey:The Age of Watteau, Chardin and Fragonard – Masterpieces of French Genre Painting, Exhibition calalogue, Ottawa, Washington and Berlin, 2003–04, cat. No. 105, reproduced p. 335, discussed pp. 334 and 375
  2. ^Paul Gallois:Baron de Besenval’s eclectic eye, The Furniture History Society, London, Newsletter 221, February 2021, p. 3
  3. ^C. B. Bailey:Conventions of the Eighteenth-Century Cabinet de Tableaux: Blondel d' Azincourt's La Première idée de la curiosité, CAA, The Art Bulletin, vol. LXIX, no. 3, September 1987, p. 440, reproduced p. 12
  4. ^Luc-Vincent Thiéry:Guide des amateurs et des étrangers voyageurs à Paris, ou Description raisonnée de cette Ville, de sa Banlieue, et de tout ce qu'elles contiennent de remarquable, tome II, chapitre 'Hôtel de M. le Baron de Besenval,' Libraire Hardouin & Gattey, Paris, 1787, pp. 574–580
  5. ^Although up to four feet in each dimension could still qualify; see the Metropolitan Rubens.
  6. ^Rubens from Metropolitan New York
  7. ^Metropolitan Timeline of Art History
  8. ^Strong, Roy:Artists of the Tudor Court: The Portrait Miniature Rediscovered 1520-1620, Victoria & Albert Museum exhibit catalogue, 1983, pp. 156-67,ISBN 0-905209-34-6
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