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Cabinet of Japan

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Executive branch of the Government of Japan

Cabinet of Japan
Agency overview
内閣 Naikaku
TheGovernment crest of Japan
Naikaku Sōri Daijin Kantei (Prime Minister's Office of Japan)
Formed	22 December 1885; 140 years ago (1885-12-22)
Preceding agency	Daijō-kan
Jurisdiction	Government of Japan
Headquarters	Chiyoda,Tokyo, Japan
Agency executive	Sanae Takaichi,Prime Minister of Japan
Child agencies	Naikaku Sōri Daijin Kantei (Prime Minister's Office) Cabinet Office Ministries of Japan
Website	https://japan.kantei.go.jp/

Politics of Japan
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v t e

TheCabinet of Japan (内閣,Naikaku;Japanese pronunciation:[naꜜi.ka.kɯ]^[1]) is the chiefexecutive body of thegovernment of Japan. It consists of theprime minister, who isappointed by theEmperor after being nominated by theNational Diet, in addition to up to seventeen other members, calledministers of state. The current cabinet, theTakaichi Cabinet, was formed on 21 October 2025 and is led by Prime MinisterSanae Takaichi. The country has had aLiberal Democratic minority government since 2025.

The prime minister is nominated by the National Diet, while the remaining ministers are appointed and dismissed by the prime minister. The Cabinet is collectively responsible to the National Diet and must resign if amotion of no confidence is adopted by the National Diet.

Appointment

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Under theConstitution of Japan, Cabinet ministers are appointed after the selection of the prime minister. A majority of the Cabinet, including the prime minister, must be members of the National Diet, and all members must becivilians. Under the Cabinet Law, the number of Cabinet ministers (excluding the prime minister) must be fourteen or less, but this may be increased to seventeen if a special need arises. If the Cabinet collectively resigns, it continues to exercise its functions until the appointment of a new prime minister. While they are in office, legal action may not be taken against Cabinet ministers without the consent of the prime minister. The Cabinet must resignen masse in the following circumstances:

When a motion of no confidence is adopted, or a vote of confidence defeated, by theHouse of Representatives, unless there is a dissolution of the house within ten days.
Upon the first convocation of the National Diet after ageneral election to the House of Representatives (even if the same prime minister is to be re-elected and appointed, and every other minister is to be reappointed).
When the position of prime minister becomes vacant, or the prime minister declares his intention to resign.

Powers

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The Cabinet exercises two kinds of power. Some of its powers are nominally exercised by theEmperor with the binding "advice and approval" of the Cabinet. Other powers are explicitly vested in the Cabinet. Contrary to the practice in manyconstitutional monarchies, the Emperor is not even thenominal chief executive. Instead, the Constitution explicitly vestsexecutive authority in the Cabinet. Hence, nearly all of the day-to-day work of governing is done by the Cabinet.

In practice, much of the Cabinet's authority is exercised by the prime minister. Under the Constitution, the prime minister exercises "control and supervision" over the executive branch, and no law or Cabinet order can take effect without the prime minister's countersignature (and the emperor's promulgation). While Cabinet Ministers in most other parliamentary democracies theoretically have some freedom of action (within the limits ofcabinet collective responsibility), the Japanese Cabinet is effectively an extension of the prime minister's authority.

According to Article 75 of the Constitution, Ministers of State are not subject to legal action without the consent of the prime minister during their tenure of office.

TheNaikaku Sōri Daijin Kantei (Prime Minister's Office) is where the Cabinet is located.
The5–7 paulownia commonly used as the symbol of the prime minister, cabinet, as well as the government at large.
The seal of the Cabinet

Powers exercised via the Emperor

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Promulgation ofamendment of the constitution,laws, cabinet orders, andtreaties
Convocation of theNational Diet
Dissolution of theHouse of Representatives
Proclamation ofgeneral elections to the National Diet
Receiving of foreignambassadors and ministers
Conferring ofhonours

Explicit powers

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Execution of the law
Conduct of foreign affairs
Conclusion of treaties (with the consent of the National Diet).
Administration of the civil service
Drafting of the budget (which must be adopted by the National Diet)
Adoption of cabinet orders
Granting of general amnesty, special amnesty, commutation of punishment, reprieve, and restoration of rights
Signing of laws or cabinet orders by the relevant Minister of State and countersigned by the Prime Minister
Appointment of the associate justices of theSupreme Court of Japan (except for theChief Justice, who is nominated by the Prime Minister and formally appointed by the Emperor)
Appointment of vice-ministers (who are nominated by their respective minister to whom they will report)

List of cabinets of Japan

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Main article:List of Japanese cabinets

Current Cabinet

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Main article:Takaichi Cabinet

The current cabinet, led by the newly appointed Prime MinisterSanae Takaichi, was formed on 21 October 2025.

As of 21 October 2025,^[update] the makeup of the most recent Cabinet is as follows:^[2]

Minister Constituency		Office(s)	Department	Took office
104th Cabinet of Japan Takaichi Cabinet
Color key: Liberal Democratic MR: member of theHouse of Representatives, MC: member of theHouse of Councillors, B:bureaucrat
Cabinet ministers
	Sanae Takaichi MR forNara 2nd	Prime Minister	Cabinet Office	21 October 2025 (3 months ago) (2025-10-21)
	Yoshimasa Hayashi MR forYamaguchi 3rd	Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications	Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications	21 October 2025 (3 months ago) (2025-10-21)
	Hiroshi Hiraguchi MR forHiroshima 2nd	Minister of Justice	Ministry of Justice	21 October 2025 (3 months ago) (2025-10-21)
	Toshimitsu Motegi MR for Ōita 3rd	Minister for Foreign Affairs	Ministry of Foreign Affairs	21 October 2025 (3 months ago) (2025-10-21)
	Satsuki Katayama MC for National PR block	Minister of Finance Minister of State for Financial Services Ministr of in charge of reviewing special tax measures subsidies	Ministry of Finance Financial Services Agency	21 October 2025 (3 months ago) (2025-10-21)
	Yohei Matsumoto MR forTokyo PR block	Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology Minister in charge of Education Rebuilding	Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology	21 October 2025 (3 months ago) (2025-10-21)
	Kenichiro Ueno MR forShiga 2nd district	Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare	Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare	21 October 2025 (3 months ago) (2025-10-21)
	Norikazu Suzuki MR forYamagata 2nd	Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries	Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries	21 October 2025 (3 months ago) (2025-10-21)
	Ryosei Akazawa MR forTottori 2nd	Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry Minister in charge of the Response to the Economic Impact Caused by the Nuclear Accident Minister for Green Transformation Minister in charge of Industrial Competitiveness Minister of State for the Nuclear Damage Compensation and Decommissioning Facilitation Corporation	Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry	21 October 2025 (3 months ago) (2025-10-21)
	Yasushi Kaneko MR forKumamoto 4th	Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism	Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism	21 October 2025 (3 months ago) (2025-10-21)
	Hirotaka Ishihara MC forKanagawa at-large	Minister of the Environment Minister of State for Nuclear Emergency Preparedness	Ministry of the Environment	21 October 2025 (3 months ago) (2025-10-21)
	Shinjirō Koizumi MR forKanagawa 11th	Minister of Defense	Ministry of Defense	21 October 2025 (3 months ago) (2025-10-21)
	Minoru Kihara MR forKumamoto 1st	Chief Cabinet Secretary Minister in charge of Mitigating the Impact ofU.S. Forces in Okinawa Minister in charge of theAbduction Issue	Cabinet Secretariat Cabinet Office	21 October 2025 (3 months ago) (2025-10-21)
	Hisashi Matsumoto MR forChiba 13th	Minister for Digital Transformation Minister in charge of Administrative Reform Minister in charge of Civil Service Reform Minister in charge of Cybersecurity Minister of State for Regulatory Reform	Digital Agency Cabinet Office	21 October 2025 (3 months ago) (2025-10-21)
	Takao Makino MC forShizuoka at-large	Minister of Reconstruction Minister in charge of Comprehensive Policy Coordination for Revival from theNuclear Accident at Fukushima	Reconstruction Agency	21 October 2025 (3 months ago) (2025-10-21)
	Jiro Akama MR for Kanagawa 14th	Chairman of theNational Public Safety Commission Minister in charge of Building National Resilience Minister in charge of Territorial Issues Minister of State for Disaster Management and Ocean Policy	National Public Safety Commission Cabinet Office	21 October 2025 (3 months ago) (2025-10-21)
	Hitoshi Kikawada MR forSaitama 3rd	Minister of State forOkinawa andNorthern Territories Affairs	Cabinet Office	21 October 2025 (3 months ago) (2025-10-21)
	Minoru Kiuchi MR for Shizuoka 7th	Minister of State for Economic and Fiscal Policy	Cabinet Office	21 October 2025 (3 months ago) (2025-10-21)
	Kimi Onoda MC forOkayama at-large	Minister in charge of Economic Security Minister in charge of the Foreign Nationals policy	Cabinet Office	21 October 2025 (3 months ago) (2025-10-21)

Citations

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^NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, ed. (24 May 2016).NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典 (in Japanese). NHK Publishing.
^"List of Ministers Inaugurated on November 11, 2024".Naikaku Sōri Daijin Kantei (Prime Minister's Office of Japan). Retrieved12 November 2024.

General and cited references

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"Cabinet Profiles" [since 2008].The Japan Times. Accessed 13 October 2012.
Cabinet Secretariat, Office of Cabinet Public Relations, Japan (2003) prime minister of Japan and His Cabinet. Retrieved 28 Oct. 2003
Hunter, Janet (1984).Concise Dictionary of Modern Japanese History. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, pp. 266–324, Appendix 5: Japanese Cabinets Since the Introduction of the Cabinet System in 1885 [to 1980].

External links

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Official Website of the prime minister of Japan and His Cabinet
List of successive Japanese cabinets (in Japanese)
Previous Cabinets (Since 1996) and list of previous prime ministers (Since 1885)(in English)
Cabinet Office
Cabinet Secretariat(in Japanese)
Cabinet Legislation Bureau

v t e Cabinets of Japan
Empire of Japan (1885–1947)	Itō I Kuroda Sanjō caretaker Yamagata I Matsukata I Itō II Matsukata II Itō III Ōkuma I Yamagata II Itō IV Katsura I Saionji I Katsura II Saionji II Katsura III Yamamoto I Ōkuma II Terauchi Hara Takahashi Katō To. Yamamoto II Kiyoura Katō Ta. Wakatsuki I Tanaka G. Hamaguchi Wakatsuki II Inukai Saitō Okada Hirota Hayashi Konoe I Hiranuma N. Abe Yonai Konoe II Konoe III Tōjō Koiso K. Suzuki Higashikuni Shidehara Yoshida I
Japan (1947–present)	Katayama Ashida Yoshida II Yoshida III (R1) (R2) (R3) Yoshida IV Yoshida V I. Hatoyama I I. Hatoyama II I. Hatoyama III Ishibashi Kishi I (R) Kishi II (R) Ikeda I Ikeda II (R1) (R2) (R3) Ikeda III (R) Satō I (R1) (R2) (R3) Satō II (R1) (R2) Satō III (R) K. Tanaka I K. Tanaka II (R1) (R2) Miki (R) T. Fukuda (R) Ōhira I Ōhira II Z. Suzuki (R) Nakasone I Nakasone II (R1) (R2) Nakasone III Takeshita (R) Uno Kaifu I Kaifu II (R) Miyazawa (R) Hosokawa Hata Murayama (R) Hashimoto I Hashimoto II (R) Obuchi (R1) (R2) Mori I Mori II (RBefore 2001 CGR) (RAfter 2001 CGR) Koizumi I (R1) (R2) Koizumi II (R) Koizumi III (R) S. Abe I (R) Y. Fukuda (R) Asō Y. Hatoyama Kan (R1) (R2) Noda (R1) (R2) (R3) S. Abe II (R) S. Abe III (R1) (R2) (R3) S. Abe IV (R1) (R2) Suga Kishida I Kishida II (R1) (R2) Ishiba I Ishiba II Takaichi
Current cabinet

v t e Japanese government ministries and agencies
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Board of Audit (constitutionally independent)

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