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CXCL2

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
CXCL2
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search:PDBeRCSB
List of PDB id codes

1QNK

Identifiers
AliasesCXCL2, CINC-2a, GRO2, GROb, MGSA-b, MIP-2a, MIP2, MIP2A, SCYB2, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2
External IDsOMIM:139110;MGI:108068;HomoloGene:105490;GeneCards:CXCL2;OMA:CXCL2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chromosome 4 (human)
Chr.Chromosome 4 (human)[1]
Chromosome 4 (human)
Genomic location for CXCL2
Genomic location for CXCL2
Band4q13.3Start74,097,040bp[1]
End74,099,196bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse)
Chromosome 5 (mouse)
Chr.Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2]
Chromosome 5 (mouse)
Genomic location for CXCL2
Genomic location for CXCL2
Band5 E1|5 44.78 cMStart91,039,100bp[2]
End91,040,974bp[2]
RNA expression pattern
Bgee
HumanMouse (ortholog)
Top expressed in
  • mucosa of paranasal sinus

  • right lobe of liver

  • vena cava

  • saphenous vein

  • cartilage tissue

  • lower lobe of lung

  • beta cell

  • upper lobe of lung

  • upper lobe of left lung

  • gastric mucosa
Top expressed in
  • endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel

  • left lobe of liver

  • spermatocyte

  • embryo

  • embryo

  • spermatid

  • stroma of bone marrow

  • islet of Langerhans

  • trachea

  • cumulus cell
More reference expression data
BioGPS
n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function
Cellular component
Biological process
Sources:Amigo /QuickGO
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

2920

14825

Ensembl

ENSG00000081041

ENSMUSG00000029380

UniProt

P19875

P12850

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_002089

NM_008176

RefSeq (protein)

NP_002080

NP_032202

Location (UCSC)Chr 4: 74.1 – 74.1 MbChr 5: 91.04 – 91.04 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse
chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2
Identifiers
SymbolCXCL2
Alt. symbolsSCYB2, GRO2, GROb, MIP-2a, MGSA-b, CINC-2a
NCBI gene2920
HGNC4603
OMIM139110
RefSeqNM_002089
UniProtP19875
Other data
LocusChr. 4q21
Search for
StructuresSwiss-model
DomainsInterPro

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) is a smallcytokine belonging to the CXCchemokine family that is also calledmacrophage inflammatory protein 2-alpha (MIP2-alpha),Growth-regulated protein beta (Gro-beta) andGro oncogene-2 (Gro-2). CXCL2 is 90% identical inamino acid sequence as a related chemokine,CXCL1. This chemokine is secreted bymonocytes andmacrophages and ischemotactic forpolymorphonuclear leukocytes andhematopoietic stem cells.[5][6][7] The gene for CXCL2 is located on humanchromosome 4 in a cluster of other CXC chemokines.[8] CXCL2 mobilizes cells by interacting with a cell surfacechemokine receptor calledCXCR2.[7]

CXCL2, like related chemokines, is also a powerful neutrophil chemoattractant and is involved in many immune responses including wound healing, cancer metastasis, and angiogenesis.[9] A study was published in 2013 testing the role of CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL1 in the migration of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) migration which plays a significant role in asthma. The results of this study showed that CXCL2 and CXCL3 both help with the mediation of normal and asthmatic ASMC migration through different mechanisms.[9]

Clinical development

[edit]

CXCL2 in combination with theCXCR4 inhibitorplerixafor rapidly mobilizeshematopoietic stem cells into the peripheral blood.[10]

This rapidperipheral blood stem cell mobilization regimen enteredPhase 2 clinical trials in 2021[11][12] in development by Magenta Therapeutics[13] as a new method to collect stem cells forbone marrow transplantation.

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000081041Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^abcGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029380Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^"Human PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^"Mouse PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^Wolpe SD, Sherry B, Juers D, Davatelis G, Yurt RW, Cerami A (January 1989)."Identification and characterization of macrophage inflammatory protein 2".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.86 (2):612–6.Bibcode:1989PNAS...86..612W.doi:10.1073/pnas.86.2.612.PMC 286522.PMID 2643119.
  6. ^Iida N, Grotendorst GR (October 1990)."Cloning and sequencing of a new gro transcript from activated human monocytes: expression in leukocytes and wound tissue".Molecular and Cellular Biology.10 (10):5596–9.doi:10.1128/mcb.10.10.5596.PMC 361282.PMID 2078213.
  7. ^abPelus LM, Fukuda S (August 2006)."Peripheral blood stem cell mobilization: the CXCR2 ligand GRObeta rapidly mobilizes hematopoietic stem cells with enhanced engraftment properties".Experimental Hematology.34 (8):1010–20.doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2006.04.004.PMID 16863907.
  8. ^O'Donovan N, Galvin M, Morgan JG (1999). "Physical mapping of the CXC chemokine locus on human chromosome 4".Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics.84 (1–2):39–42.doi:10.1159/000015209.PMID 10343098.S2CID 8087808.
  9. ^abAl-Alwan LA, Chang Y, Mogas A,Halayko AJ, Baglole CJ, Martin JG, et al. (September 2013)."Differential roles of CXCL2 and CXCL3 and their receptors in regulating normal and asthmatic airway smooth muscle cell migration".Journal of Immunology.191 (5):2731–41.doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1203421.PMC 3748335.PMID 23904157.
  10. ^Hoggatt J, Singh P, Tate TA, Chou BK, Datari SR, Fukuda S, et al. (January 2018)."Rapid Mobilization Reveals a Highly Engraftable Hematopoietic Stem Cell".Cell.172 (1–2): 191–204.e10.doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.003.PMC 5812290.PMID 29224778.
  11. ^Clinical trial numberNCT04762875 for "A Phase II Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of MGTA-145 in Combination With Plerixafor for the Mobilization and Transplantation of HLA-Matched Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Recipients With Hematological Malignancies" atClinicalTrials.gov
  12. ^Clinical trial numberNCT04552743 for "Phase II Study of MGTA-145 in Combination With Plerixafor in the Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Autologous Transplantation in Patients With Multiple Myeloma" atClinicalTrials.gov
  13. ^"Magenta Therapeutics Announces Additional Preliminary Positive Results from Ongoing Phase 2 Clinical Trial of MGTA-145 and Plerixafor in Patients with Multiple Myeloma at the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting – Magenta Therapeutics".investor.magentatx.com. Retrieved2021-10-22.[permanent dead link]
By family
Chemokine
CCL
CXCL
CX3CL
XCL
TNF
Interleukin
Type I
(grouped by
receptor
subunit)
γ chain
β chain
IL6 like/gp130
IL12 family/IL12RB1
Other
Type II
IL10 family
Interferon
I
II
Ig superfamily
IL17 family
Other
By function/
cell
CC
CCR1
CCR2
CCR3
CCR4
CCR5
CCR6
CCR7
CCR8
CCR9
CCR10
CCR11
Ungrouped
CXC
CXCR1
(IL-8Rα)
CXCR2
(IL-8Rβ)
CXCR3
CXCR4
CXCR5
CXCR6
CXCR7
C (XC)
XCR1
CX3C
CX3CR1
Others
CCBP2
CMKLR1
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