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CSAR Class C 2-8-4T

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South African steam locomotive

IMRWestern Australian 2-8-4T
CSAR Class C 2-8-4T

Western Australian no. 100, November 1901

Type and origin
Power type	Steam
Designer	Neilson, Reid & Company
Builder	Neilson, Reid & Company
Serial number	5897-5902
Build date	1900
Total produced	6

Specifications
Configuration:
• Whyte	2-8-4T (Berkshire)
• UIC	1′D2′n2t
Driver	2nd coupled axle
Gauge	3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)Cape gauge
Leading dia.	25 in (635 mm)
Coupled dia.	38 in (965 mm)
Trailing dia.	25 in (635 mm)
Wheelbase	28 ft (8,534 mm)
• Axle spacing (Asymmetrical)	1-2: 3 ft5+1⁄2 in (1,054 mm) 2-3:3 ft5+1⁄2 in (1,054 mm) 3-4: 4 ft 4 in (1,321 mm)
• Coupled	11 ft 3 in (3,429 mm)
• Trailing	4 ft 6 in (1,372 mm)
Length:
• Over couplers	36 ft1+1⁄2 in (11,011 mm)
Height	12 ft7+1⁄2 in (3,848 mm)
Frame type	Plate
Axle load	8 LT 5 cwt (8,382 kg)
• Leading	6 LT (6,096 kg)
• Coupled	8 LT 5 cwt (8,382 kg)
• Trailing	13 LT (13,210 kg)
Adhesive weight	33 LT (33,530 kg)
Loco weight	53 LT (53,850 kg)
Fuel type	Coal
Fuel capacity	2 LT 7 cwt (2.4 t)
Water cap.	2,000 imp gal (9,100 L)
Firebox:
• Type	Round-top
• Grate area	16.7 sq ft (1.55 m²)
Boiler:
• Pitch	6 ft7+1⁄2 in (2,019 mm)
• Diameter	4 ft (1,219 mm)
• Tube plates	12 ft1⁄4 in (3,664 mm)
• Small tubes	167:1+3⁄4 in (44 mm)
Boiler pressure	160 psi (1,103 kPa)
Safety valve	Ramsbottom
Heating surface:
• Firebox	93.3 sq ft (8.67 m²)
• Tubes	919.5 sq ft (85.42 m²)
• Total surface	1,012.8 sq ft (94.09 m²)
Cylinders	Two
Cylinder size	17 in (432 mm) bore 21 in (533 mm) stroke
Valve gear	Stephenson
Valve type	Slide
Couplers	Johnston link-and-pin

Performance figures
Tractive effort	19,102 lbf (84.97 kN) @ 75%

Career
Operators	Imperial Military Railways Central South African Railways Clydesdale Colliery Ogies Colliery
Class	CSAR Class C
Number in class	6
Numbers	IMR 100-105, CSAR 203-208
Official name	Class C
Nicknames	Western Australian
Delivered	1900
First run	1900
Withdrawn	1912

The 2nd & 3rd coupled axles had flangeless wheels

TheCentral South African Railways Class C 2-8-4T of 1900 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era inTransvaal.

In 1900, during theSecond Boer War, the Imperial Military Railways experienced a shortage of locomotives and six2-8-4T Berkshire type tank locomotives, destined for theWestern Australian Government Railways, were diverted to South Africa where they became known as theWestern Australians. In 1902, they came onto the roster of the Central South African Railways and were designated Class C.^[1]^[2]^[3]

The Second Boer War

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In 1899, when the Second Boer War broke out, the invading British military forces took control of all railways in the colonies of theCape of Good Hope andNatal. As possession was obtained, this control was extended to the railways of theOranje-Vrijstaat Gouwerment-Spoorwegen (OVGS) in theOrange Free State and theNederlandsche-Zuid-Afrikaansche Spoorweg-Maatschappij (NZASM) in theZuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (ZAR).^[1]^[4]

On 7 October 1899, Lieutenant-Colonel E.P.C. Girouard KCMG DSO RE, a Canadian serving in the Royal Engineers and, at the time, the President of theEgyptian State Railways, was appointed as Director of Railways for the South African Field Forces.^[1]^[4]

While Girouard largely left control of the two colonial railways in the hands of their civilian staff, the railways of the two Boer Republics were worked under the title of Imperial Military Railways (IMR), with civilian and military personnel appointed by him.^[1]^[4]

Origin and manufacturer

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The damage which was inflicted on the railways during hostilities and the transportation demands of the British military led to a shortage of locomotives. To alleviate the shortage, a shipment of six newK class tank locomotives with a2-8-4T Berkshire type wheel arrangement were diverted to the IMR in South Africa. They had been built for theWestern Australian Government Railways (WAGR) byNeilson, Reid & Company in 1900.^[1]^[2]

Characteristics

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Their cylinders were inclined and arranged outside the7⁄8-inch thick (22-millimetre) plate frames. The steam chests were arranged between the frames and the unbalanced slide valves were actuated byStephenson valve gear through rocker shafts.^[2]

Service

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Imperial Military Railways

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The IMR numbered the locomotives in the range from 100 to 105 and, since they were not classified, they became commonly known as theWestern Australians.^[1]

Central South African Railways

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Peace was declared on 1 June 1902 and, on 1 July 1902, the railways were handed back to civilian authority. The IMR was transformed into the Central South African Railways (CSAR), which took control of all railways in the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. Girouard remained on as Commissioner of Railways and the NZASM went into liquidation.^[4]

Mr. P.A. Hyde was appointed as Chief Locomotive Superintendent of the CSAR. One of the first steps to be taken was to classify and renumber all the locomotive stock, with tank locomotives classified alphabetically and tender locomotives numerically. Since the classification was done in increasing order of weight, theWestern Australians were designated Class C, after theNZASM 40 Tonner (Class A) and46 Tonner (Class B). TheWestern Australians were renumbered in the range from 203 to 208.^[2]^[1]

The locomotives were not popular with the crews. As a result of their small coupled wheels and short connecting rods, they were found to ride roughly at speed. In addition, the footplate was cramped since the large side tanks, with a water capacity of 2,000 imperial gallons (9,100 litres), protruded into the cab. The CSAR therefore decided to use them as shunting engines until they were either disposed of or scrapped.^[2]^[3]

By 1912, after the South African Railways (SAR) was established, these locomotives were considered obsolete and were not included in the SAR classification and renumbering list, but recommended for scrapping even though they were still less than twelve years old.^[1]^[3]

Industry

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Three of the locomotives did survive, however, two having been sold in 1904 to Clydesdale Collieries atCoalbrook in the northern Orange Free State and one to Ogies Colliery nearWitbank. At Clydesdale, no. 204 was reboilered in 1939 and its boiler pressure raised from 160 to 180 pounds per square inch (1,100 to 1,200 kilopascals) in the process. It survived at the colliery until 1972.^[2]^[3]^[5]

Works numbers

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The CSAR Class C works numbers, renumbering and disposition are listed in the table.^[1]^[5]

**CSAR Class C 2-8-4T**
IMR no.	Works no.	CSAR no.	Sold to
100	5897	203
101	5898	204	Clydesdale
102	5899	205	Ogies
103	5900	206
104	5901	207
105	5902	208	Clydesdale

Illustration

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Western Australian, still numbered for the WAGR
Ex CSAR no. 204 in service at Clydesdale Collieries, c. 1955

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toCSAR Class C 2-8-4T.

^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱHolland, D.F. (1971).Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. Vol. 1: 1859–1910 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, England:David & Charles. pp. 122–123, 126.ISBN 978-0-7153-5382-0.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^fEspitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1945).The Locomotive in South Africa – A Brief History of Railway Development. Chapter VI – Imperial Military Railways and C.S.A.R. (Continued). South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, January 1945. pp. 11–16.
^^a ^b ^c ^dSouth African 2-8-4T,The Locomotive Magazine, August 1955, p. 142
^^a ^b ^c ^dThe South African Railways – Historical Survey. Editor George Hart, Publisher Bill Hart, Sponsored by Dorbyl Ltd., Published c. 1978, pp. 22–23.
^^a ^bDulez, Jean A. (2012).Railways of Southern Africa 150 Years (Commemorating One Hundred and Fifty Years of Railways on the Sub-Continent – Complete Motive Power Classifications and Famous Trains – 1860–2011) (1st ed.). Garden View, Johannesburg, South Africa: Vidrail Productions. pp. 33–34.ISBN 9 780620 512282.

v t e Locomotives of theCentral South African Railways
3' 6" gauge	CSAR 0-6-0ST 1896 CSAR 4-6-0T 1887 CSAR Class 6-L1 CSAR Class 6-L2 CSAR Class 6-L3 CSAR Class 7 CSAR Class 8-L1 CSAR Class 8-L2 CSAR Class 8-L3 CSAR Class 9 CSAR Class 10 1904 CSAR Class 10 1910 CSAR Class 10-2 Saturated CSAR Class 10-2 Superheated CSAR Class 10-C CSAR Class 11 CSAR Class B 0-6-4T CSAR Class C 2-8-4T CSAR Class D CSAR Class E 4-8-0TT CSAR Class E 4-8-2T CSAR Class E 4-10-2T CSAR Class F CSAR Class M CSAR Mallet Saturated CSAR Mallet Stoker CSAR Mallet Superheated CSAR Rack 4-6-4RT CSAR Railmotor IMR 0-6-0ST 1896 IMR 4-6-0T 1887 IMR 46 Tonner 0-6-4T IMR 55 Tonner 2-6-4T IMR 7th Class 4-8-0 IMR 8th Class 4-8-0 IMR Reid Tenwheeler 4-10-2T IMR Western Australian 2-8-4T NZASM 10 Tonner NZASM 13 Tonner NZASM 14 Tonner NZASM 18 Tonner NZASM 19 Tonner NZASM 32 Tonner NZASM 40 Tonner NZASM 46 Tonner OVGS 1st Class 4-4-0TT OVGS 2nd Class 2-6-0 OVGS 2nd Class 2-6-0ST OVGS 3rd Class 4-4-0 OVGS 4th Class G 4-6-0 OVGS 5th Class K 4-6-0 1890 OVGS 5th Class K 4-6-0 1891 OVGS 6th Class L 4-6-0 OVGS 6th Class L2 4-6-0 OVGS 6th Class L3 4-6-0 PPR 0-4-0STNatal PPR 26 Tonner PPR 35 TonnerPortuguese PPR 55 Tonner
2' gauge	CSARPankop
List of South African locomotive classes South African locomotive history

Locomotives of South Africa

Steam

7' ¼" gauge	East London 0-4-0VB Table Bay 0-4-0ST Table Bay 0-4-0T Table Bay 0-4-0WT
Standard gauge	Cape 0-4-0TBlackie Cape 0-4-2 Cape 2-4-0T CGR 0-4-0STAid Natal 0-4-0STDurban Natal 0-4-0WTNatal Natal 4-4-0TPerseverance
Cape gauge Tank engines	CGR 0-4-0ST 1873 CGR 0-4-0ST 1874 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881Coffee Pot CGR 0-6-0ST CGR 0-6-0T CGR 2-6-0ST 1900 CGR 2-6-0ST 1902 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1875 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T CGR Railmotor CSAR Class C CSAR Class E CSAR Rack 4-6-4RT CSAR Railmotor Durban'sCongella Durban'sEdward Innes Durban'sJohn Milne Durban'sSir Albert Port Elizabeth 0-4-0ST Kowie Railway 0-6-0T Kowie Railway 4-4-0T Metropolitan & Suburban 4-6-2T NGR 2-6-0TDurban &Pietermaritzburg NGR Class I 2-6-2T NGR Class K 0-4-0ST NGR Class K 0-6-0ST NGR Class K 2-6-0T NZASM 10 Tonner NZASM 13 Tonner NZASM 14 Tonner NZASM 18 Tonner NZASM 19 Tonner NZASM 32 Tonner NZASM 40 Tonner PPR 26 Tonner PPR 35 TonnerPortuguese SAR Class A SAR Class B SAR Class C SAR Class C1 SAR Class C2 SAR Class D SAR Class E SAR Class F SAR Class G SAR Class H SAR Class H1 SAR Class H2 SAR Class J SAR Class K SAR Railmotor SAR Dock 0-4-0ST SAR Dock 0-4-0T SWA 2-8-0T
Cape gauge Tender engines	CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 BP CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1891 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0TT CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1883 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1884 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1898 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1901 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1903 CGR 4th Class 4-4-2 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1880 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 Joy CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1890 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1891 NGRHavelock NGR Class I SAR Class Exp 1 SAR Class Exp 2 SAR Class Exp 3 SAR Class Exp 4 SAR Class Exp 5 SAR Class Exp 6 SAR Class S SAR Class S1 SAR Class S2 SAR Class 1 SAR Class 1A SAR Class 1B SAR Class 2 SAR Class 2C SAR Class 3 SAR Class 3A SAR Class 3B SAR Class 4 SAR Class 4A SAR Class 5 SAR Class 5A SAR Class 5B SAR Class 6 SAR Class 6A SAR Class 6B SAR Class 6C SAR Class 6D SAR Class 6E SAR Class 6F SAR Class 6G SAR Class 6H SAR Class 6J SAR Class 6K SAR Class 6L SAR Class 6Y SAR Class 6Z SAR Class 7 SAR Class 7A SAR Class 7B SAR Class 7C SAR Class 7D SAR Class 7E SAR Class 7F SAR Class 8 SAR Class 8A SAR Class 8B SAR Class 8C SAR Class 8D SAR Class 8E SAR Class 8F SAR Class 8R SAR Class 8X SAR Class 8Y SAR Class 8Z SAR Class 9 SAR Class 10 SAR Class 10A SAR Class 10B SAR Class 10C SAR Class 10D SAR Class 11 SAR Class 12 SAR Class 12A SAR Class 12B SAR Class 13 SAR Class 14 SAR Class 14A SAR Class 14B SAR Class 14C 1st SAR Class 14C 2nd SAR Class 14C 3rd SAR Class 14C 4th SAR Class 15 SAR Class 15A SAR Class 15B SAR Class 15C SAR Class 15CA SAR Class 15E SAR Class 15F SAR Class 16 SAR Class 16A SAR Class 16B SAR Class 16C SAR Class 16D SAR Class 16DA 1928 SAR Class 16DA 1930 SAR Class 16E SAR Class 17 SAR Class 18 SAR Class 19 SAR Class 19A SAR Class 19B SAR Class 19C SAR Class 19D SAR Class 20 SAR Class 21 SAR Class 23 SAR Class 24 SAR Class 25 SAR Class 25NC SAR Class 26 SARKatanga SWA 2-8-0
Cape gauge Articulated engines	CGR Fairlie CGR Kitson-Meyer SAR Class FC SAR Class FD SAR Class GA SAR Class GB SAR Class GC SAR Class GCA SAR Class GD SAR Class GDA SAR Class GE SAR Class GEA SAR Class GF SAR Class GG SAR Class GH SAR Class GK SAR Class GL SAR Class GM SAR Class GMA SAR Class GO SAR Class HF SAR Class KM SAR Class MA SAR Class MB SAR Class MC SAR Class MC1 SAR Class MD SAR Class ME SAR Class MF SAR Class MG SAR Class MH SAR Class MJ SAR Class MJ1 SAR Class U
2' 6" gauge	Cape CopperJohn King &Miner Cape CopperBritannia Cape CopperCaledonia Cape CopperClara Cape Copper Condenser Cape CopperScotia Namaqua CopperPioneer Walvis Bay 2-4-2THope
2' & 600mm gauges	ACR Class NG-G16A CGR NG 0-4-0T CGR NG 0-6-0T CGR NG 4-6-2T CGR Type A 2-6-4T CGR Type C 0-4-0T NGR Class N 4-6-2T SAR Dutton SAR NG 0-4-0T SAR Class NG1 SAR Class NG2 SAR Class NG3 SAR Class NG4 SAR Class NG5 SAR Class NG6 SAR Class NG7 SAR Class NG8 SAR Class NG9 SAR Class NG10 SAR Class NG-G11 SAR Class NG-G12 SAR Class NG-G13 SAR Class NG-G14 SAR Class NG15 SAR Class NG-G16 SWA Class Ha SWA Class Hb SWA Class Hc SWA Class Hd SWA Jung SWA Zwillinge

Electric

Amcoal Class E38

Gas-electric

SAR Gas-electric

Diesel

Cape gauge Diesel–electric	PRASA Class Afro 4000 SAR Class DS SAR Class DS1 SAR Class 31-000 SAR Class 32-000 SAR Class 32-200 SAR Class 33-000 SAR Class 33-200 SAR Class 33-400 SAR Class 34-000 SAR Class 34-200 SAR Class 34-400 SAR Class 34-500 SAR Class 34-600 SAR Class 34-800 SAR Class 34-900 SAR Class 35-000 SAR Class 35-200 SAR Class 35-400 SAR Class 35-600 TFR Class 35-800 SAR Class 36-000 SAR Class 36-200 SAR Class 37-000 Spoornet Class 39-000 TFR Class 39-200 TFR Class 43-000 TFR Class 44-000 TFR Class 45-000
2' gauge Diesel–electric	SAR Class 91-000
Cape gauge Diesel–hydraulic	SAR Class 61-000
Cape gauge Electro-diesel	Spoornet Class 38-000

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