This article needs to beupdated. The reason given is: little coverage of developments in 2021 and 2022. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(February 2022)
As of 10 March 2023, more than 676million cases of COVID-19 have been reported in more than 200 countries and territories, resulting in more than 6.88million deaths.[1]
The pandemic was first confirmed to have spread to the United States in January 2020. Cases have been confirmed in all fifty U.S. states,Washington, D.C., and all inhabitedU.S. territories exceptAmerican Samoa.[2] As of March 31, 2020[update], the U.S. had the most confirmed active cases in the world and ranks third in the number of total deaths from the virus.[3]
The Healthcare at Foster Creek nursing home in southeast Portland was Oregon's largest coronavirus death cluster, as of mid April, with 50 confirmed cases and 14 deaths. TheOregon Department of Human Services identified many safety violations.[9][10] On April 30, eleven cases were confirmed among the transient population in the Portland area.[11] In May, the family of a man who died at Healthcare at Foster Creek sued for $2.4 million.[12]
Researchers at OHSU have suggested Oregon's outbreak "had one of the most diverse origin stories known so far in the United States".[13][14]
On March 13, thePortland Police Bureau announced a reduction of in-person responses to reduce virus transmission.[15][16]Multnomah County Library closed all branch libraries andPortland Parks and Recreation (PPR) closed arts and community centers, sports facilities, and swimming pools, based on recommendations issued by theCenters for Disease Control and Prevention,Multnomah County Health Department, and the Oregon Health Authority. PPR canceled athletic programs and indoor activities at community centers, but did not close golf courses, natural areas, parks, playgrounds, or trails, or cancel outdoor events for less than 250 people.[17] Portland Police have received 469 reports of social distancing violation between March 25, and April 14, yet have issued zero citations. The police reasoned that it would overburden the criminal justice system and compared the enforcement to enforcing every traffic violation being reported.[18] In comparison,Manhattan Beach, California have issued 129 citations over a weekend in early April.[18] Portland'sBenson Bubblers were turned off from March 13 to April 17, based on the recommendations of the Multnomah County Health Department.[19]
On March 17, Multnomah County Chair Deborah Kafoury announced plans to add as many as 400 beds for county residents affected by the pandemic requiring shelter.[20] 120 beds were made available at the PPR-ownedCharles Jordan Community Center in north Portland on March 19.[21]Metro'sOregon Convention Center, unable to host events since March 12, was converted into a temporary shelter with 130–140 beds. The Joint Office of Homeless Services, a collaboration between the City of Portland and Multnomah County, hoped to open additional beds for healthy individuals as overflow from existing shelters.[22][23] Trucks normally used by Multnomah Country Library and for animal control were repurposed to assist with the convention center conversion.[24]
On March 22, MayorTed Wheeler said he was prepared to issue astay-at-home order for Portland residents if Governor Brown would not issue a similar order for Oregon.[25][26] The governor was also pressured by 25 Portland-area mayors, Metro's council, multiple county chairs, and other elected and health officials. She issued an executive order on March 23 requiring homeisolation for Oregonians, with some exceptions, and to practicesocial distancing. Violators may be punished with 30 days in jail and fines as high as $1,250 as a class Cmisdemeanor.[27] The Portland Police Bureau confirmed criminal citations were a "last resort measure".[28] The police have issued a statement to the public to not call 911 to report violations of stay-at-home order, but to call the non-emergency line.[29] In March, city official extended thePortland Arts Tax deadline from April 15 to July 15, 2020.[30]
In early April, city officials cut approximately 950 jobs because of a potential revenue loss of as much as $100 million. Most of the jobs were seasonal and part of the parks department, including art and fitness instructors as well as lifeguards.[31] Portland officials also asked state authorities to forgive missed mortgage and rent payments.[32] In late April,Chloe Eudaly and thePortland Bureau of Transportation announced plans to shut down 100 miles of streets to automobile traffic to encourage social distancing for bicyclists and pedestrians.[33] The project is officially called the "Slow Streets|Safe Streets initiative".[34] Additionally, the Oregon Driver and Motor Vehicle (DMV) Services confirmed plans to close most offices. Six field offices, including one in southeast Portland, continued to operate "by appointment only for limited commercial driver licensing services".[34]
In mid May, Portland Parks & Recreation confirmed all camps, public swimming pools, and recreation centers would remain closed through the summer.[35]Clackamas County became the first of the three most populous counties in the Portland metropolitan area to reopen on May 23, 2020. Bars, gyms, restaurants, and other businesses could operate if specific safety criteria were met.[36][37]
Multnomah County's application to reopen on June 12 was rejected by Governor Brown on June 11.[38]
Delta Air Lines reduced flights between Portland and Japan. United Airlines cut 4 of 20 flights from Portland as well as one from Eugene.Sun Country Airlines reduced flights between Portland and Honolulu, Las Vegas, and San Francisco.[39]
School closures and event cancellations prompted people to stock up on groceries. Long lines were seen at grocery stores and food pantries throughout the Portland metropolitan area.[40] Localcannabis dispensaries saw an increased demand as customers stocked up in case stores were forced to close temporarily.[41] TheOregon Liquor Control Commission (OLCC) permitted stores to operate via curbside pick-up and home delivery temporarily.[42][43][44]
Long line of people queued up in front of the BottleDrop redemption center in East Portland in April 2020.
OLCC suspended the enforcement of theOregon Bottle Bill on March 15 so that grocers can focus on restocking, sanitation and social distancing management. Grocers may elect to not accept bottle returns during this period. The Oregon Beverage Recycling Cooperative (OBRC) which operates beverage container redemption centers throughout Oregon is keeping their centers open.[45][46] The enforcement suspension remains in effect until two weeks after the county in which retailer is located enters phase 1 of reopening.[47]The Oregonian reported on April 23 that the City of Portland has been operating a bottle return site at an "undisclosed site in North Portland" based at one of the city's clinic that provides drug addicts with services such as clean syringes and opioid overdose antidote.[48]
On March 28, Oregon temporarily lifted the prohibition on self-pump at gas stations to ensure fuel is available during staffing issues related to the pandemic.[49] Stations are allowed to let customers pump their own gas through May 9.[50]
Adidas closed offices at Montgomery Park and Portland Village after two employees had close content with someone who tested positive.[51]Powell's Books five stores closed,[52][53] and laid off most staff members.[41]Portland Incubator Experiment canceled PIE Demo Day; the March 19 event scheduled to be held atRevolution Hall was held online.[54] On March 25,Daimler Truck North America shut down a plant on Swan Island until April 6.[55] Portland-based companiesPuppet andVacasa laid off employees.[56] In April,Evraz announced plans to lay off 230 employees at a Portland steel plant, andPrecision Castparts Corp. confirmed plans to close its main Portland site.[57]
While cheer and dance competitions were still being held at the Oregon Convention Center in early March,[68] many events planned to be hosted at the venue were canceled. On February 5, the Materials Show scheduled for February 12–13 was canceled.[69][70] Gem Faire and the Multnomah County Democrats' annual Celsi Celebration slated for the weekend of March 21 were also canceled.[54] On March 6, organizers of the Go West Summit, an international travel conference for March 24–27 expecting approximately 800 people, was postponed.[71] The Oregon Dental Association's annual Oregon Dental Conference for April 2–4 was canceled.[54] On March 9, the Burning Cat event being organized by the company behind the card gameExploding Kittens for May was canceled.[72]
On March 14, the newspaperPortland Mercury suspended print publications until further notice.[73] On March 23, restrictions prompted the closures of amusement parks, barber shops, bowling alleys, gyms, hair and nail salons, malls, spas, and theaters.[74] In late April, activists and organizers of Portland's annual May Day protests in conjunction withInternational Workers' Day moved to host a "Virtual May Day Rally" on May 1.[75] In May, organizers ofFeast Portland announced the event would not be held as usual in September.[76] The Portland Rose Festival held an online 'Opening Night Concert and Fireworks' event on May 22.[77]
Thegay bar and nightclubCC Slaughters announced plans to close indefinitely in October 2020.[78]
Local movie theaters were forced to close temporarily. Among them wereCinema 21 andLaurelhurst Theater,[79] which was unable to continue operating with capacity limits and social distancing measures, despite efforts.[41] On March 13, theHollywood Theatre confirmed plans to close from March 14 to April 8; previously, the theater was limiting capacity to 250 people per Oregon's ban on events and other social gatherings.[80]Movie Madness Video, avideo rental shop andhistory of film museum, closed and waived late fees on rentals.[41] Cinema 21 later allowed people to stream independent films at home.[81]
Twelve of 27 laid offCrush Bar employees staged a protest and accused the owner of "[breaking] the law by denying their use of accrued sick hours to cover lost wages". The demonstration was supposed to last for 24 hours but was stopped by police after an hour.[97] Thestrip club Lucky Devil Lounge continued to offer a full menu with home delivery service by "scantily clad strippers" under the business operation Boober Eats.[98][99] Approximately 25 strippers have participated; dancers are driven and protected by security guards, armed with gloves, masks, and hand sanitizer,[100] and touching by customers is not allowed.[98]
In late April,RingSide Steakhouse sold frozen boxes of steak directly to the general public for the first time in 75 years. The move caused a mile-long traffic jam along West Burnside Street, and products sold out in less than 2.5 hours.[101][102][103] Ringside repeated the sale the following month, this time accepting reservations online to avoid the traffic jam.[104] By early May, a few restaurants had confirmed plans to close permanently,[105][106] includingClyde Common[107][108] (which ended up re-opening with outdoor seating and as a market in July).[109] Later that month,Wong's King and the five restaurants owned by David Machado,[110] includingAltabira City Tavern andNel Centro, confirmed plans to close permanently.[111][112][113] The respective owners ofBluehour,[114]Irving Street Kitchen,Le Bistro Montage,[115] andRevelry announced plans to close permanently in June.[116][117] Most locations of Pok Pok and related restaurants were closed permanently in June, leaving only the original restaurant and possibly one Pok Pok Wing location in southeast Portland.[118] The closures of those were announced in October.[119] The gay barLocal Lounge andStacked Sandwich Shop closed in late 2021;Acadia: A New Orleans Bistro,Baby Blue Pizza,Bistro Agnes,Clyde Common, andDóttir closed in early 2022.
Local businesswomanErika Polmar was instrumental in efforts to lobby local, state and federal governments for relief for restaurants and other food-related businesses state.[120][121][122] She was a founding member and leadership team member of theIndependent Restaurant Coalition.[120][123][124]
Jupiter Hotel (pictured in 2011) reduced staff and partnered with Multnomah County to use rooms as a temporary homeless shelter.
Thehospitality industry also experienced a wave of guest cancellations followed by a decline in bookings.[71] TheJupiter Hotel laid off half its staff by March 18 after daily occupancy rates fell to 7–20 percent.[125] Jupiter partnered with Multnomah County to use the hotel's 81 rooms as a temporary homeless shelter.[126][127][128] The hotel housed those "experiencing symptoms of coronavirus but who haven't tested positive".[129]The Nines suspended hotel and restaurant operations on March 19, effective March 22.[130] TheHyatt Regency Portland, which opened in December 2019, also suspended operations in March.[131]
In early April,Travel Portland reported approximately 80 percent decreases in the demand for lodging, revenue, and occupancy rates in Portland compared to last year.[132] The president of Provenance Hotels, which owns or manages six hotels in Portland, left the company in mid-April because of the pandemic.[133] In April, city officials predicted revenues from lodging taxes would be reduced by 50 percent during the next 12 months, "resulting in a $20 million shortfall".[134]
Following season suspensions by theNational Basketball Association (NBA) andMajor League Soccer (MLS),[135] thePortland Trail Blazers andPortland Timbers canceled games.[52] The Trail Blazers and Timbers games averaged approximately 19,000 and 25,000 people at the time.[136] MLS initially announced a 30-day suspension, when the Timbers were scheduled to play atProvidence Park five times between March 12 and mid April.[137] The soccer league extended the suspension to eight weeks on March 19.[138] ThePortland Thorns FC's pre-season tournament slated for March 29 – April 4 was canceled on March 12, shortly before theNational Women's Soccer League canceled pre-season games across the league.[139] Timbers and Thorns tickets will be valid for rescheduled matches, as of March 12.[139] On March 17, the Timbers and Thorns announced part-time workers would still receive compensation for canceled games, among other community initiatives.[140]
Damian Lillard encouraged fans to remain at home and practice social distancing. He said on the NBA'sInstagram account on March 23, "I've been washing my hands, social distancing — keep your space. Don't join in crowds, stay in small groups. It'd be best to stay in the house. I hope everybody is stocked up on everything they need so they can stay safe. Do everything the way we've been asked to help this pass faster. Like I said, y'all stay safe, y'all be good, man."[74] Governor Brown andCJ McCollum appeared in apublic service announcement to teach children about the disease and how to prevent transmission.[141]
Governor Brown initially closed all K–12 schools through March 31.[142] A four-week extension was added; students are scheduled to return on April 28.Portland Public Schools designated 15 buildings as sites for student meal distributions, and has considered providing 45,000 devices to students fordistance education.[143] High school and college graduation ceremonies were canceled.[52] On April 8, Brown extended the school closures through to the end of the 2019–2020 school year.[144]
All Multnomah County Library branches were closed on March 13.[60] The library system waived late fees and continued to provide publicWi-Fi.[41]
Students atOregon Health & Science University and the University of Portland began offering childcare and errand services for local health care professionals.[145]
In September 2020,Reed College has set up three large tents outside and some classes are being offered in the tents each with a capacity of 25.[146]
Signs in aTriMet bus promoting physical distancing during a temporary 10-passenger limit imposed in AprilSticker on the glass of a door of a TriMet MAX Light Rail car encouraging physical distancing on board
On March 5, 2020, workers of the Portland area's regional transit agency,TriMet, began nightly disinfections of the interior surfaces of buses,MAX Light Rail andWES Commuter Rail trains, and LIFTparatransit vehicles.[153][154] Later on March 19, TriMet reported a significant decrease in ridership; approximately 140,000 fewer people rode TriMet vehicles compared to the weekday average in February.[155][156] On March 26, TriMet temporarily stopped accepting cash payment of fares on buses, asking all riders to pay with theHop Fastpass system, to minimize the time that boarding passengers spend near the driver.[157] Two days later, the agency announced reductions to its services.[158]
On April 5, TriMet reduced the frequency of MAX trains to every 15minutes and WES trains to every 45minutes.[159] It modified the schedules of 84 bus lines and suspended the 272–PDX Night Bus route.[160][161] Four days later, the agency imposed a temporary limit of 10 passengers per bus, or up to 15 if including family members traveling together, and began installing signs on bus seats to enforce physical distancing.[162] On its website,[163] TriMet requested the public to "maintain six feet of distance from other riders and the operator" and to "only take transit if necessary".[164][165] The agency launched a new temporary service on April 29, line 297 betweenRose Quarter Transit Center and OBRC's emergency bottle redemption center in Northwest Portland viaOld Town Chinatown, established for people redeeming empty beverage containers at the request of Governor Brown's office.[166][167]
Other transit agencies across the region adopted similar measures, as well as measures to assist community members in need. On March 19,South Metro Area Regional Transit (SMART) buses inWilsonville began temporarily operating fare-free in support of transit-dependent commuters.[168] On April 6, SMART reduced its services by 25 percent after reporting a sharp decline in ridership.[169] On March 23, thePortland Streetcar reduced its regular weekday schedule from every 15minutes to every 20minutes in response to the statewide stay-at-home order.[170] Thetaxicab company Radio Cab also improved cleaning procedures.[154]
ThePort of Portland, which overseesPortland International Airport and the metropolitan area's general aviation and marine centers, had increased the rate of cleanings at its facilities by March 2. The Port focused on information and pay stations, shuttle buses, and valet booths, following recommendations issued by Multnomah County and the CDC, and made hand sanitizer available for people using ground transportation.[154] On April 10, Portland International Airport reported an 80percent reduction in flights and a 94percent reduction in passengers compared to the previous year. This has led the Port to reduce its projected expenses by $20million for the upcoming fiscal year.[171] The airport began requiring face coverings in May.[172]
Effective May 20, 2020, TriMet required all riders to wear face coverings.[173] (a requirement that was later imposed nationwide on transit by theTransportation Security Administration)[174] and shortly afterwards equipped all buses and MAX cars with boxes dispensing free face masks.[175] The agency resumed accepting cash fare payment on October 1, 2020.[176] The requirement for face masks on TriMet ended in April 2022 (two weeks before it had been set to expire), when a federal judge in Florida struck down the nationwide mandate, saying the TSA and CDC had exceeded their authority in imposing it,[177] and TriMet opted not to retain the requirement on its system independently.
ArchbishopAlexander King Sample of theRoman Catholic Archdiocese of Portland encouraged priests to "be creative" with regard to accessibility,[180] and "issued directives for parishes to cancel any event over 250 people and encouraged those aged over 60 or with underlying medical issues to consider not attending Mass and dispensed them of the obligation".[181] Masses were canceled until April 14, which included Holy Week and Easter. Archbishop Sample said the announcement was "by far one of the most difficult communications [he has] ever written".[182]The Grotto has suspended Mass until March 31, but visitors are welcome to visit the outdoor sanctuary and Upper Gardens.[54]
On March 23, theMultnomah County Sheriff's Office said the crime rate for the month to date was lower than the rate for March 2019. The same office had announced that they're not booking misdemeanor arrests and giving out citations instead.[183] The agency also reported lower jail bookings and moved some inmates at the Inverness Jail in northeast Portland into temporary dormitory-style housing to follow social distancing measures.[184]KATU reported on a string of business break-ins in thePearl District.[184] The crisis group Call to Safety, which supports people experiencingdomestic violence, began receiving twice as many calls and more requests for shelter and other resources once stay-at-home orders were enforced.[185] Thousands ofrespirator masks valued at approximately $2,500 were stolen from the Rebuilding Center in north Portland in March. Some of the masks were recovered and donated to local hospitals.[184][186] In April, federal investigators seized 100 coronavirus test kits shipped from China to an apartment in Portland.[187]
The localhealthcare industry was significantly impacted by the pandemic. Governor Kate Brown has said non-emergency medical procedures can resume starting May 1.[188] On March 27, Portland began nightly "solidarity cheers" to recognize health care and other frontline workers, similar to many other cities around the world.[189]
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