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COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory

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COVID-19 pandemic
Confirmed deaths per 100,000 population,[1][note 1]
as of 20 December 2023
  •   555+
  •   100–555
  •   18–100
  •   3.3–18
  •   0.6–3.3
  •   0.1–0.6
  •   <0.1
  •   No deaths or no data
DiseaseCOVID-19
Virus strainSARS-CoV-2
SourceProbablybats, possibly viapangolins[2][3][4]
LocationWorldwide
First outbreakChina[5]
Index caseWuhan,Hubei,China
30°37′11″N114°15′28″E / 30.61972°N 114.25778°E /30.61972; 114.25778
DateFirst case ofCOVID-19: 17 November 2019; 5 years ago (17 November 2019)
Public health emergency of international concern: 30 January 2020 – 5 May 2023 (3 years, 3 months and 5 days)
Confirmed cases778,652,552[6]
Deaths
7,101,788[6]
Vaccinations
  • 5,645,247,500[6] (total vaccinated)
  • 5,197,972,500[6] (fully vaccinated)
  • 13,724,514,000[6] (doses administered)

This is a general overview and status of places affected bysevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is responsible for theCOVID-19 pandemic. The first human cases of COVID-19 were identified inWuhan, the capital of the province ofHubei inChina in December 2019. It spread to other areas of Asia, and then worldwide in early 2020.

The figures presented are based on reported cases and deaths. While in several high-income countries the ratio of total estimated cases and deaths to reported cases and deaths is low and close to 1, for some countries it may be more than 10[7] or even more than 100.[8] Implementation ofCOVID-19 surveillance methods varies widely.[9]

Maps and timelines

Total cases

World maps showing total confirmed cases, and total confirmed cases per million, by country. Data is from the COVID-19 Data Repository by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) atJohns Hopkins University.[note 2]

Map oftotal confirmed cases by country[10][note 2][note 3]
Date of latest upload at theCommons source
Map of confirmedcases per million by country[11][note 2][note 3]
Date of latest upload at theCommons source

Total deaths

Data is from the COVID-19 Data Repository by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) atJohns Hopkins University.[note 2]

Map of total confirmed deaths by country[12][note 2][note 3]
Date on map.
Map of total confirmed deaths per million people by country[13][note 2][note 3]
Date on map.

Daily deaths

Data for the map and graphs is from the COVID-19 Data Repository by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) atJohns Hopkins University.[note 2]7-day rolling average.

Map of daily new confirmed deaths per million people by country[14][note 2][note 3]
Date on map.
Graph of daily new confirmed deaths worldwide per million people[15][note 2][note 3]
Date on timeline at bottom
Graph showing daily count of new confirmed deaths worldwide[16][note 2][note 3]
Date on timeline at bottom

Weekly deaths

Data for the graph is from the COVID-19 Data Repository by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) atJohns Hopkins University.[note 2]

Graph of weekly count of new confirmed deaths worldwide[17][note 2][note 3]
Date on timeline at bottom

Total vaccinations

Data is collated byOur World in Data from figures that are verifiable based on public official sources.[18][note 4]

Share of fully vaccinated population by country relative to population[18][19][note 4]
Date on map
Share of population with at least one dose of vaccine by country relative to population[18][20][note 4]
Date on map
Vaccine doses administered per 100 people by country[18][21][note 4]
Date on map

Statistics

Total cases, deaths, and death rates by country

Main articles:COVID-19 pandemic cases,COVID-19 pandemic deaths, andCOVID-19 pandemic death rates by country

The table was updated automatically on 15 October 2025.[note 5] Data source isOur World in Data.[note 1]

All columns are cumulative. "Deaths per million" is the number of deaths per million people.

Updated October 15, 2025.
COVID-19 cases, deaths, and rates bylocation[22]
CountryDeaths / millionDeathsCases
World[a]8927,101,788778,652,552
PeruPeru6,603221,0604,532,724
BulgariaBulgaria5,67938,7671,339,355
North MacedoniaNorth Macedonia5,4299,991352,093
Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina5,11916,406404,289
HungaryHungary5,07249,1242,238,461
CroatiaCroatia4,81018,7951,362,394
SloveniaSlovenia4,6869,9141,364,008
Georgia (country)Georgia4,51917,1511,864,386
MontenegroMontenegro4,3172,654251,280
Czech RepublicCzech Republic4,10743,8364,850,686
LatviaLatvia4,0627,641977,783
MoldovaMoldova4,04212,289656,197
SlovakiaSlovakia3,88821,2821,886,851
GreeceGreece3,85140,1085,809,076
San MarinoSan Marino3,69312625,292
RomaniaRomania3,60269,0393,596,787
United StatesUnited States3,5961,228,289103,436,829
LithuaniaLithuania3,5089,8841,440,630
United KingdomUnited Kingdom3,404232,11225,082,464
BrazilBrazil3,344703,32437,837,183
ItalyItaly3,329198,52326,968,605
ChileChile3,29864,4975,410,189
MartiniqueMartinique3,1591,104230,354
PolandPoland3,151120,9816,804,328
ArmeniaArmenia3,0498,785454,719
GibraltarGibraltar3,00211320,550
BelgiumBelgium2,94934,3394,900,224
ParaguayParaguay2,94019,880735,759
Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and Tobago2,9344,390191,496
ArgentinaArgentina2,880130,79010,115,219
PortugalPortugal2,83429,5245,671,586
European UnionEuropean Union[b]2,8281,269,025186,774,609
RussiaRussia2,777404,29024,901,467
ColombiaColombia2,759142,7916,401,281
SwedenSweden2,75928,9432,779,287
ArubaAruba2,70829244,224
UkraineUkraine2,678109,9295,552,577
SerbiaSerbia2,65818,0572,567,975
GuadeloupeGuadeloupe2,6541,021203,235
FranceFrance2,616168,16239,048,846
MexicoMexico2,605335,0417,629,010
SpainSpain2,547121,85213,980,340
BermudaBermuda2,54716518,860
GuamGuam2,53641952,287
AustriaAustria2,48522,5346,083,301
TunisiaTunisia2,42729,4231,153,361
EstoniaEstonia2,3373,156615,361
French PolynesiaFrench Polynesia2,31865079,451
Saint LuciaSaint Lucia2,29341030,253
UruguayUruguay2,2697,6951,042,913
LiechtensteinLiechtenstein2,2628921,628
SurinameSuriname2,2561,40682,516
Sint MaartenSint Maarten2,1829211,051
The BahamasBahamas2,13584939,127
BarbadosBarbados2,100593109,082
GermanyGermany2,080174,97938,437,886
FinlandFinland2,05811,4661,513,469
GrenadaGrenada2,03523819,693
EcuadorEcuador2,02336,0601,080,371
PanamaPanama1,9998,7991,045,458
AndorraAndorra1,99415948,015
Republic of IrelandRepublic of Ireland1,9329,8751,762,252
LebanonLebanon1,90510,9471,239,904
KosovoKosovo1,8693,212274,279
BoliviaBolivia1,85322,3891,212,173
Costa RicaCosta Rica1,8469,3861,238,916
Puerto RicoPuerto Rico1,8325,9381,252,713
Hong KongHong Kong1,79813,4662,876,106
MontserratMontserrat1,78781,403
MaltaMalta1,777939125,029
MonacoMonaco1,7206717,181
BelizeBelize1,70868871,491
DenmarkDenmark1,69610,0123,449,547
British Virgin IslandsBritish Virgin Islands1,669647,660
CuraçaoCuraçao1,64530545,883
South AfricaSouth Africa1,644102,5954,073,065
IranIran1,640146,8377,627,863
SwitzerlandSwitzerland1,61114,1704,481,883
GuyanaGuyana1,5961,31275,513
Collectivity of Saint MartinCollectivity of Saint Martin1,5914612,324
Antigua and BarbudaAntigua and Barbuda1,5721469,106
JerseyJersey1,55516166,391
LuxembourgLuxembourg1,5301,000399,262
United States Virgin IslandsUnited States Virgin Islands1,52513225,389
CyprusCyprus1,4501,364716,332
Caribbean NetherlandsCaribbean Netherlands1,4304111,922
CanadaCanada1,42455,2824,819,055
NamibiaNamibia1,4224,110172,557
IsraelIsrael1,39512,7074,841,558
French GuianaFrench Guiana1,38441398,041
Isle of ManIsle of Man1,37811638,008
SeychellesSeychelles1,37017251,899
NetherlandsNetherlands1,28322,9868,652,923
JamaicaJamaica1,2793,634157,651
AlbaniaAlbania1,2753,608337,215
JordanJordan1,25414,1221,746,997
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesSaint Vincent and the Grenadines1,2141249,674
EswatiniEswatini1,1701,42775,356
TurkeyTurkey1,164101,41917,004,724
BotswanaBotswana1,1482,801330,699
GuatemalaGuatemala1,13220,2051,254,468
DominicaDominica1,1077416,047
New CaledoniaNew Caledonia1,09331480,203
MalaysiaMalaysia1,07637,3515,329,836
PalestinePalestine1,0755,708703,228
HondurasHonduras1,06211,114473,034
RéunionRéunion1,056921494,595
GuernseyGuernsey1,0506735,326
NorwayNorway1,0505,7321,543,751
AzerbaijanAzerbaijan1,00510,353836,510
BahrainBahrain1,0011,536696,614
Saint Kitts and NevisSaint Kitts and Nevis984466,607
OmanOman9784,628399,449
AustraliaAustralia96325,23611,861,161
FijiFiji96288569,047
KazakhstanKazakhstan95119,0721,504,370
Turks and Caicos IslandsTurks and Caicos Islands893416,920
LibyaLibya8916,437507,269
Northern Mariana IslandsNorthern Mariana Islands8894114,985
New ZealandNew Zealand8844,5382,668,236
AnguillaAnguilla844123,904
MauritiusMauritius8411,074332,086
Cape VerdeCabo Verde80241764,474
Wallis and FutunaWallis and Futuna78293,760
BelarusBelarus7757,118994,052
CubaCuba7718,5301,113,808
Sri LankaSri Lanka74016,907672,812
TaiwanTaiwan73917,6729,970,937
American SamoaAmerican Samoa702348,359
South KoreaSouth Korea69335,93434,571,873
El SalvadorEl Salvador6734,230202,066
MongoliaMongolia6302,1361,011,489
MayotteMayotte61218742,027
MaldivesMaldives602316186,694
JapanJapan59774,69433,803,572
PhilippinesPhilippines58666,8644,173,631
IndonesiaIndonesia581162,0596,830,274
Federated States of MicronesiaFederated States of Micronesia5796531,765
IraqIraq57525,3752,465,545
PalauPalau562106,372
KuwaitKuwait5592,570667,290
Faroe IslandsFaroe Islands5182834,658
Cayman IslandsCayman Islands5163731,472
IcelandIceland489186211,062
ThailandThailand48734,9925,418,524
Saint BarthélemySaint Barthélemy45655,507
MoroccoMorocco43616,3051,279,115
VietnamVietnam43343,20611,624,000
Marshall IslandsMarshall Islands4241716,297
NepalNepal40412,0341,003,943
BruneiBrunei399182350,550
Dominican RepublicDominican Republic3904,384661,103
GreenlandGreenland3742111,971
IndiaIndia374533,84745,056,117
MyanmarMyanmar36219,494643,401
SingaporeSingapore3582,0243,006,155
ZimbabweZimbabwe3575,740266,436
São Tomé and PríncipeSao Tome and Principe353806,771
Saint Pierre and MiquelonSaint Pierre and Miquelon34723,426
LesothoLesotho31070936,140
Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia2999,646841,469
Solomon IslandsSolomon Islands25419925,954
QatarQatar238690514,524
United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates2292,3491,067,030
EgyptEgypt22024,830516,023
VenezuelaVenezuela2075,856552,743
MauritaniaMauritania20499763,891
ZambiaZambia2024,078349,892
AfghanistanAfghanistan1977,998235,214
ComorosComoros1931619,109
KiribatiKiribati183245,085
CambodiaCambodia1773,056139,326
BangladeshBangladesh17429,5312,052,275
MacauMacau1741213,514
DjiboutiDjibouti16618915,690
AlgeriaAlgeria1516,881272,421
KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan1471,02488,953
SamoaSamoa1443117,057
The GambiaGambia14137212,627
SyriaSyria1403,16357,423
Cook IslandsCook Islands13527,375
MalawiMalawi1302,68689,168
GabonGabon12630749,069
PakistanPakistan12530,6561,580,631
TongaTonga1231316,992
SenegalSenegal1111,97289,426
RwandaRwanda1071,468133,274
KenyaKenya1045,689344,137
SudanSudan1025,04663,993
Equatorial GuineaEquatorial Guinea10118317,130
Timor-LesteTimor-Leste10013823,460
TuvaluTuvalu9912,943
LaosLaos88671219,060
ChinaChina[c]85122,39899,381,761
NauruNauru8415,393
Guinea-BissauGuinea-Bissau841779,614
UgandaUganda763,632172,217
SomaliaSomalia761,36127,334
HaitiHaiti7486034,901
CameroonCameroon711,974125,317
MozambiqueMozambique682,252233,909
Papua New GuineaPapua New Guinea6567046,864
Republic of the CongoRepublic of the Congo6438925,234
EthiopiaEthiopia607,574501,322
YemenYemen562,15911,945
LiberiaLiberia542948,090
AngolaAngola541,937107,487
MadagascarMadagascar461,42868,713
VanuatuVanuatu441412,019
GhanaGhana441,463172,750
NicaraguaNicaragua3624516,398
GuineaGuinea3346838,593
MaliMali3274333,197
TogoTogo3129039,553
EritreaEritrea3010310,189
UzbekistanUzbekistan291,016175,132
Ivory CoastIvory Coast2783588,434
BhutanBhutan262163,191
Central African RepublicCentral African Republic2211315,486
Burkina FasoBurkina Faso1740022,216
Sierra LeoneSierra Leone151267,985
Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congo141,474101,010
NigeriaNigeria143,155267,227
South SudanSouth Sudan1314718,873
TanzaniaTanzania1384643,600
NigerNiger123159,573
TajikistanTajikistan1212517,786
BeninBenin1116328,036
ChadChad101947,702
BurundiBurundi11554,569
Vatican CityVatican City0026
NiueNiue001,092
Falkland IslandsFalkland Islands001,923
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da CunhaSaint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha002,166
Pitcairn IslandsPitcairn Islands004
TokelauTokelau0080
North KoreaNorth Korea000
TurkmenistanTurkmenistan000
  1. ^Countries which do not report data for a column are not included in that column's world total.
  2. ^Data onmember states of the European Union are individually listed, but are also summed here for convenience. They are not double-counted in world totals.
  3. ^Does not includespecial administrative regions (Hong Kong andMacau) orTaiwan.


Logarithmic plot of confirmed cases from Our World in Data

A logarithmic plot of confirmed cases fromOur World in Data using roughly the first 12 months of data from the pandemic.

Cases by country as of 18 April 2021, plotted on alogarithmic scale[23]

Cumulative monthly death totals by country (World Health Organization)

See also:Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic

The 2022 and 2021 tables below contain the cumulative number of monthly deaths fromthe pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reported by each country and territory to theWorld Health Organization (WHO) and published in the WHO's spreadsheets and tables updated daily. SeeCOVID-19 pandemic deaths for tables for all years, and for world maps and graphs.

2022

Sorted by March. Locations link to COVID-19 pages.
2022 monthly cumulative COVID-19 deaths[24][25][26]
LocationJan 1Feb 1Mar 1
World5,440,7225,682,6845,954,004
United States819,197881,867941,112
Brazil618,984626,854649,134
India481,486496,242514,023
Russia309,707332,012352,446
Mexico301,663310,131318,149
Peru202,653205,505210,538
United Kingdom149,790157,677161,754
Italy137,402146,498154,767
Indonesia144,096144,348148,660
Colombia129,901134,079138,693
Iran131,606132,454136,838
France121,149128,120135,262
Argentina117,146120,988126,152
Germany112,109117,974122,937
Poland97,559105,435111,586
Ukraine96,089100,395106,129
Spain90,55695,90299,875
South Africa91,14595,09399,412
Turkey82,36187,41694,445
Romania58,75260,02563,414
Philippines51,50454,00356,451
Hungary39,18641,47144,051
Chile39,11539,72142,353
Vietnam32,39437,77740,252
Czech Republic36,32437,34738,750
Canada30,28033,72236,537
Bulgaria30,95533,31835,581
Ecuador33,67234,51435,244
Malaysia31,48731,97832,749
Belgium28,40329,16130,208
Pakistan28,92729,26930,178
Bangladesh28,07628,42529,045
Tunisia25,56926,28827,784
Greece20,79023,50025,860
Iraq24,15824,38924,989
Egypt21,75222,63524,074
Japan18,39318,79223,633
Thailand21,70822,18522,976
Netherlands20,92021,26521,554
Bolivia19,68020,91921,441
Portugal18,95519,90521,063
Myanmar19,27219,31019,372
Kazakhstan18,23118,52818,947
Slovakia16,66517,85018,530
Paraguay16,62917,26018,359
Sweden15,37716,24517,416
Guatemala16,10616,37916,971
Sri Lanka14,99515,47316,244
Georgia13,86015,01616,199
Morocco14,84915,40015,988
Bosnia and Herzegovina13,44214,44715,459
Serbia12,71413,62915,241
Croatia12,53813,82715,069
Austria13,35113,61714,213
Jordan12,65313,21713,835
Switzerland11,92112,37212,683
Nepal11,59411,75211,938
Moldova10,27510,66611,228
Honduras10,43410,50410,775
Israel8,2588,99010,234
Lebanon9,1199,60610,091
Azerbaijan8,3588,7349,417
North Macedonia7,9768,4399,025
Saudi Arabia8,8778,9408,998
Cuba8,3228,3998,494
Armenia7,9758,0568,478
Lithuania7,4047,8918,431
South Korea5,6256,7728,170
Panama7,4277,7168,079
Costa Rica7,3577,5558,031
Afghanistan7,3567,4147,598
Ethiopia6,9267,3377,462
Slovenia6,1246,4577,049
Uruguay6,1696,4596,977
Algeria6,2716,5796,835
Ireland6,0706,3466,497
Belarus5,5786,0526,480
Libya5,7106,0176,261
China5,6995,7006,233
Kenya5,3765,5835,639
Venezuela5,3245,4405,633
Palestine4,9345,1045,513
Zimbabwe4,9975,3385,395
Latvia4,5704,8735,224
Australia2,2393,7585,171
Denmark3,2663,7554,612
Dominican Republic4,2474,3074,368
Oman4,1164,1464,244
Puerto Rico3,3053,8554,110
El Salvador3,8243,8994,071
Namibia3,6163,9674,009
Zambia3,7303,9173,952
Sudan3,3373,5333,909
Trinidad and Tobago2,8503,4043,628
Uganda3,2943,5383,588
Albania3,2173,3463,469
Nigeria3,0313,1363,142
Kosovo2,9803,0053,104
Syria2,8972,9893,075
Cambodia3,0123,0153,032
Kyrgyzstan2,8022,8842,958
Jamaica2,4732,6582,813
Montenegro2,4072,5552,676
Botswana2,4442,5812,619
Malawi2,3642,5612,615
Kuwait2,4682,4972,538
Finland1,7452,2622,386
United Arab Emirates2,1642,2432,301
Estonia1,9382,0372,248
Mozambique1,9762,1732,192
Yemen1,9842,0122,135
Mongolia1,9862,0402,096
Senegal1,8901,9461,960
Cameroon1,8511,8801,923
Angola1,7571,8951,900
Norway1,3051,4651,659
Uzbekistan1,4851,5681,636
Rwanda1,3501,4401,457
Bahrain1,3941,4081,454
Ghana1,2871,3951,442
Eswatini1,3031,3751,390
Madagascar1,0271,2741,366
Somalia1,3331,3351,348
DR Congo1,2051,2781,335
Suriname1,1891,2611,316
Guyana1,0521,1661,220
Singapore8288551,019
Luxembourg916952991
Mauritania863953979
Guadeloupe831873918
Mauritius786786904
Martinique784832894
Cyprus643747859
Fiji698801834
Haiti766804820
Tanzania737778798
Ivory Coast712785793
Bahamas717746771
Mali660714722
Lesotho671693697
Qatar618645670
Réunion409500666
Belize598625650
French Polynesia636636641
Papua New Guinea590597638
Laos372547621
Malta477550605
Guinea391416440
Cape Verde352396401
French Guiana339371391
Congo367371378
Burkina Faso318366375
Gambia343364365
Saint Lucia295328358
Guam270290322
Barbados260279316
Niger274298307
Gabon288301303
New Caledonia281283299
Maldives262277297
Liberia287290294
Togo248268272
Curaçao189229261
Nicaragua217220224
Grenada200210216
Aruba181193211
Chad181190190
Djibouti189189189
Mayotte185187187
Equatorial Guinea175182182
Guinea-Bissau149156167
Benin161163163
Seychelles126142163
Comoros158159160
Andorra140145151
South Sudan136137137
Antigua and Barbuda119127135
Timor-Leste122122128
Sierra Leone123125125
Tajikistan125125125
Bermuda110116123
Central African Republic101110113
Jersey89100112
San Marino100109112
U.S. Virgin Islands89101109
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines8394106
Eritrea7698103
Gibraltar100101101
Solomon Islands01299
Sint Maarten757985
Isle of Man677180
Brunei575976
Liechtenstein697175
São Tomé and Príncipe576972
British Virgin Islands394962
Iceland374662
Dominica475157
New Zealand515356
Monaco384751
Saint Martin404344
Saint Kitts and Nevis283342
Turks and Caicos Islands263436
Guernsey243031
Northern Mariana Islands132330
Bonaire232728
Faroe Islands141828
Greenland1618
Cayman Islands111517
Burundi141515
Other131313
Kiribati0011
Anguilla589
Wallis and Futuna777
Bhutan346
Palau006
Saint Barthélemy444
Sint Eustatius013
Montserrat112
Saint Pierre and Miquelon011
American Samoa000
Cook Islands000
North Korea000
Falkland Islands000
Holy See000
Marshall Islands000
Micronesia000
Nauru000
Niue000
Pitcairn Islands000
Saba000
Saint Helena000
Samoa000
Tokelau000
Tonga000
Turkmenistan000
Tuvalu000
Vanuatu000


2021. 2nd half

Sorted by December.
2021 (second-half) monthly cumulative COVID-19 deaths[24][25][26]
LocationJul 1Aug 1Sep 1Oct 1Nov 1Dec 1
World3,954,1474,229,1694,536,3074,794,1375,005,0255,215,745
United States600,853610,606642,770697,430743,217774,868
Brazil515,985555,460579,574596,122607,694614,376
India399,459424,351439,020448,339458,437469,247
Mexico238,055245,959267,253283,091290,717293,950
Russia135,886159,352184,014208,142239,693276,419
Peru192,331196,291198,263199,367200,217201,144
United Kingdom128,140129,654132,535136,662140,632144,969
Indonesia58,99595,723133,676142,026143,423143,840
Italy127,566128,063129,221130,921132,100133,828
Iran84,26490,630107,794120,428126,303129,830
Colombia105,934120,432124,883126,261127,258128,473
France110,133110,795112,743114,447115,244116,655
Argentina93,668105,586111,607115,179115,950116,554
Germany90,93891,65992,22393,71195,752101,790
South Africa60,64772,01382,26187,62689,17789,843
Spain81,74482,72585,57487,00687,56888,052
Ukraine52,39152,95153,83356,44668,02786,532
Poland75,05875,27175,36875,67377,01984,153
Turkey49,73251,33256,71064,05470,61176,842
Romania33,78634,28134,57037,04147,75156,529
Philippines24,66227,88933,44838,29443,17248,545
Chile32,54535,44836,93737,46837,75738,346
Hungary29,99230,02630,05930,19930,88134,713
Ecuador21,56031,63132,24432,76732,98033,250
Czech Republic30,43930,45530,48330,52830,86333,186
Malaysia5,1709,02416,66426,33528,91230,425
Canada26,27326,59226,91827,81928,96529,670
Pakistan22,28123,36025,78827,72928,44928,728
Bulgaria18,06118,21318,89620,88223,99928,453
Bangladesh14,64620,91626,27427,53127,87027,981
Belgium25,18125,25125,38825,61326,05327,015
Tunisia14,95919,85823,53824,89025,24125,373
Vietnam871,30611,06419,30122,08325,252
Iraq17,18618,65720,83022,26023,17023,820
Thailand2,0804,99011,84116,85019,26020,814
Egypt16,16916,52416,73617,33118,65120,474
Netherlands17,74417,82618,01018,17018,41119,414
Bolivia16,70217,80618,42918,72618,92519,171
Myanmar3,3479,73115,49017,78918,71419,104
Portugal17,09617,36117,74317,97518,15718,441
Japan14,78115,19216,04117,64818,26818,360
Greece12,76313,01613,69814,82815,93818,157
Kazakhstan7,7599,07713,73216,05517,15017,856
Paraguay12,76314,92915,74216,19516,24616,469
Guatemala9,21510,33911,92613,56415,05015,928
Sweden14,66014,67714,72414,90315,05815,151
Morocco9,2969,78512,64914,26714,66814,776
Slovakia12,51112,54012,54812,64913,04514,503
Sri Lanka3,0634,4519,40012,96413,76014,346
Bosnia and Herzegovina9,6479,6899,80310,60611,55512,586
Georgia5,3275,8537,4828,97610,08912,119
Austria10,50810,52810,58310,81011,11412,064
Serbia7,0477,1147,2928,2349,95511,691
Jordan9,75010,03210,41110,71811,03811,608
Nepal9,1459,87510,77011,14811,41611,529
Switzerland10,36610,38710,48910,68310,83411,091
Croatia8,2068,2598,3348,6409,22010,899
Honduras6,9807,8348,8509,77710,24010,403
Moldova6,1946,2556,4016,7777,7909,119
Saudi Arabia7,8198,2378,5458,7168,7948,836
Lebanon7,8517,9068,0538,3258,5028,725
Cuba1,2842,7585,3037,4368,2368,304
Israel6,4306,4857,1187,7968,1148,196
Azerbaijan4,9745,0235,6366,5257,0747,856
Armenia4,5174,6194,8575,3396,3797,610
North Macedonia5,4845,4935,9386,7147,1477,581
Panama6,5366,8087,0547,2237,3157,362
Afghanistan4,9626,7377,1237,2067,2807,308
Costa Rica4,6615,0305,4926,3497,0477,287
Lithuania4,3924,4174,5735,0215,9216,759
Ethiopia4,3204,3854,6755,5826,4596,755
Uruguay5,5585,9596,0296,0546,0776,130
Algeria3,7164,2545,2695,8125,9206,071
China5,4955,6355,6835,6915,6965,697
Ireland4,9985,0355,0925,2495,4365,652
Slovenia4,7544,7644,7854,9155,1395,551
Libya3,1933,5094,2474,6515,0995,456
Kenya3,6343,9314,7265,1235,2815,335
Venezuela3,1013,5764,0104,4544,8845,144
Belarus3,1433,4543,7804,1434,6315,081
Palestine3,8313,8723,9484,3664,6814,803
Zimbabwe1,7893,5324,4194,6234,6784,707
Dominican Republic3,8223,9634,0084,0464,1304,204
Latvia2,5132,5562,5782,7173,2504,179
Oman3,1003,8364,0644,0964,1114,113
El Salvador2,3812,6292,9183,2343,6223,776
Zambia2,1993,3893,6023,6483,6613,667
South Korea2,0212,0982,2922,4972,8593,658
Namibia1,5213,0443,2443,5113,5523,573
Puerto Rico2,5492,5802,8603,1493,2343,270
Uganda1,0612,6963,0143,1613,2153,252
Sudan2,7602,7802,7932,8783,0463,159
Albania2,4562,4572,4982,6982,9243,096
Nigeria2,1202,1492,4552,7212,8962,977
Kosovo2,2482,2562,4942,9432,9672,974
Cambodia6021,3971,9032,3192,7882,940
Denmark2,5342,5492,5842,6562,7142,895
Kyrgyzstan2,0092,3352,5322,6072,6722,749
Syria1,8761,9142,0132,2472,5662,749
Kuwait1,9692,3202,4192,4492,4612,465
Botswana1,1251,5692,2612,3682,4062,418
Jamaica1,0751,1901,5181,8692,2362,392
Malawi1,1961,6352,1772,2822,3012,306
Montenegro1,6101,6291,7201,9192,1002,300
United Arab Emirates1,8111,9492,0412,0972,1362,147
Trinidad and Tobago8331,0701,2851,4741,6962,134
Australia9109231,0061,2891,7342,006
Yemen1,3611,3751,4721,7211,8891,950
Mozambique8781,4341,8641,9171,9301,941
Mongolia5638208391,2221,6721,932
Senegal1,1661,3531,7651,8581,8781,885
Cameroon1,3241,3341,3571,4591,6861,804
Estonia1,2691,2721,2931,3571,5401,803
Angola9001,0111,2171,5371,7101,733
Uzbekistan7408801,0881,2421,3251,406
Bahrain1,3521,3841,3881,3891,3931,394
Finland9791,0011,0541,1161,2381,348
Rwanda4278081,0831,2731,3311,342
Somalia7758119771,1111,2081,327
Eswatini6787871,1011,2201,2421,248
Ghana7968231,0361,1561,1751,209
Suriname5166457188791,0901,166
DR Congo9241,0381,0591,0841,0981,107
Norway7927998208699171,054
Guyana468535613783913992
Madagascar909947956960963967
Luxembourg818822830835845875
Mauritania489562715774797832
Guadeloupe267283508767820823
Haiti443558586629679738
Tanzania212150719725730
Singapore36375595407718
Martinique98129460628683715
Ivory Coast313329441624695704
Fiji21239496624674696
Bahamas246287381533643671
Lesotho329374403632658662
French Polynesia142149423621636636
Qatar590601602606610611
Mali525532539548563606
Cyprus379429520560584597
Belize329337359409491574
Papua New Guinea174192192234370546
Malta420423441457461468
Mauritius18203190176422
Guinea171220335379385387
Réunion237275342366374384
Congo166178183197278354
Cape Verde286298313339349350
Gambia181213319338340342
French Guiana145187219267308327
Liberia128148245286287287
Burkina Faso168169171184214286
Saint Lucia8489103201255280
Gabon159164165186239279
New Caledonia000119265276
Guam140143149197238263
Niger193195199202213259
Maldives213221226231243250
Togo129152185229242243
Barbados47485069153229
Nicaragua191195200204208213
Grenada111139198200
Djibouti155156157167181186
Mayotte174174175178185185
Curaçao126126143162174178
Chad174174174174174175
Equatorial Guinea121123124147167175
Aruba107109139166171174
Laos37141865170
Benin104108128159161161
Comoros146147147147147150
Guinea-Bissau6976119135141148
South Sudan117119120130133133
Andorra127128130130130131
Tajikistan91122125125125125
Seychelles5786102112114122
Timor-Leste242672117122122
Sierra Leone100120121121121121
Antigua and Barbuda42434479102117
Bermuda33333372101106
Central African Republic9898100100100101
Gibraltar949497979898
San Marino909090919293
U.S. Virgin Islands303754718186
Jersey696977788081
Sint Maarten333451667575
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines121212216674
Isle of Man394348525766
Eritrea233538424560
Liechtenstein585858585858
Brunei339325457
São Tomé and Príncipe373737505656
New Zealand262626272844
British Virgin Islands13137373738
Saint Martin273017353738
Dominica004203237
Monaco333335353636
Iceland303033333335
Saint Kitts and Nevis333132328
Turks and Caicos Islands181820232324
Guernsey171718212323
Bonaire171717191922
Burundi8910141414
Faroe Islands1122213
Other131313131313
Wallis and Futuna777777
Cayman Islands222225
Saint Barthélemy111244
Anguilla000113
Bhutan123333
Northern Mariana Islands222233
Montserrat111111
American Samoa000000
Cook Islands000000
North Korea000000
Falkland Islands000000
Greenland000000
Holy See000000
Kiribati000000
Marshall Islands000000
Micronesia000000
Nauru000000
Niue000000
Palau000000
Pitcairn Islands000000
Saba000000
Saint Helena000000
Saint Pierre and Miquelon000000
Samoa000000
Sint Eustatius000000
Solomon Islands000000
Tokelau000000
Tonga000000
Turkmenistan000000
Tuvalu000000
Vanuatu000000


Cases and deaths by region

Reporting standards vary enormously in different countries. No statistics are particularly accurate, but case and death rates in India (South Asia) and Sub-Saharan Africa in particular are probably much higher than reported.[27][28]

COVID-19 cases and deaths by region, in absolute figures and rates per million inhabitants as of 25 December 2022[29]

COVID-19 cases and deaths by region, in absolute figures and rates per million inhabitants as of 25 December 2022
Region[30]Total casesTotal deathsCases per millionDeaths per millionCurrent weekly casesCurrent weekly deathsPopulation millionsVacci­nated %[31]
European Union179,537,7581,185,108401,3632,649886,0743,98544775.1
North America103,783,7771,133,607281,4043,074476,3762,97536976.1
OtherEurope57,721,948498,259247,0542,13374,35424823461.2
South America65,835,7891,313,061153,1513,055378,6221,25243081.7
Russia and Central Asia25,646,533434,988108,3071,83749,02239323755.9
Central America11,338,600380,66063,1082,11960,26826318069.0
Middle East22,549,784238,10686,40091213,4576526151.9
Oceania and islands in East Asia60,806,544318,455105,3175521,390,4012,77757772.1
Caribbean2,605,47326,23760,179606737254346.4
South Asia50,347,136620,21827,1213341,911241,85669.4
North Africa3,727,34683,87318,382414668820341.3
East Asia57,867,768189,91032,416106644,0798181,78587.2
Sub-Saharan Africa8,636,456172,9077,5981526,960271,13727.6
Totals (or average)650,404,9126,595,38983,8268503,982,92912,8607,75967.0
New identified cases of COVID-19 weekly for top 7 regions in the world.
Deaths due to COVID-19 weekly for top 7 regions in the world.

Vaccinations

Main article:COVID-19 vaccine
Further information:History of COVID-19 vaccine development andDeployment of COVID-19 vaccines

The table was updated automatically on 15 October 2025.[note 5]

Number and percentage of people who have received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine (unless noted otherwise). May include vaccination of non-citizens, which can push totals beyond 100% of the local population.

Updated October 15, 2025.
COVID-19 vaccine distribution by country[22]
LocationVaccinated[a]Percent[b]
World[c][d]5,645,247,50070.70%
ChinaChina[e]1,318,026,80092.48%
IndiaIndia1,027,438,90072.08%
European UnionEuropean Union[f]338,481,06075.43%
United StatesUnited States[g]270,227,17079.12%
IndonesiaIndonesia204,419,40073.31%
BrazilBrazil189,643,42090.17%
PakistanPakistan165,567,89067.94%
BangladeshBangladesh151,507,17089.45%
JapanJapan104,740,06083.79%
MexicoMexico97,179,49675.56%
NigeriaNigeria93,829,43042.05%
VietnamVietnam90,497,67090.79%
RussiaRussia89,081,60061.19%
PhilippinesPhilippines82,684,77672.55%
IranIran65,199,83072.83%
GermanyGermany64,876,30077.15%
TurkeyTurkey57,941,05266.55%
ThailandThailand57,005,49679.47%
EgyptEgypt56,907,32050.53%
FranceFrance54,677,68082.50%
United KingdomUnited Kingdom53,806,96478.92%
EthiopiaEthiopia52,489,51041.86%
ItalyItaly[h]50,936,72085.44%
South KoreaSouth Korea44,764,95686.45%
ColombiaColombia43,012,17683.13%
MyanmarMyanmar41,551,93077.30%
ArgentinaArgentina41,529,05691.46%
SpainSpain41,351,23086.46%
CanadaCanada34,742,93689.49%
TanzaniaTanzania34,434,93253.21%
PeruPeru30,563,70891.30%
MalaysiaMalaysia28,138,56481.10%
NepalNepal27,883,19693.83%
Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia27,041,36484.04%
MoroccoMorocco25,020,16867.03%
South AfricaSouth Africa24,210,95238.81%
PolandPoland22,984,54459.88%
MozambiqueMozambique22,869,64670.03%
AustraliaAustralia22,231,73484.85%
VenezuelaVenezuela22,157,23278.54%
UzbekistanUzbekistan22,094,47063.24%
TaiwanTaiwan21,899,24093.51%
UgandaUganda20,033,18842.34%
AfghanistanAfghanistan19,151,36847.20%
ChileChile18,088,51692.51%
Sri LankaSri Lanka17,143,76075.08%
Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congo17,045,72016.65%
AngolaAngola16,550,64246.44%
UkraineUkraine16,267,19839.63%
EcuadorEcuador15,345,79186.10%
CambodiaCambodia15,316,67089.04%
SudanSudan15,207,45230.79%
KenyaKenya14,494,37226.72%
GhanaGhana13,864,18641.82%
Ivory CoastIvory Coast13,568,37244.64%
NetherlandsNetherlands12,582,08170.27%
ZambiaZambia11,711,56558.11%
IraqIraq11,332,92525.72%
RwandaRwanda10,884,71479.74%
KazakhstanKazakhstan10,858,10154.20%
CubaCuba10,805,57097.70%
United Arab EmiratesUnited Arab Emirates9,991,08997.55%
PortugalPortugal9,821,41494.28%
BelgiumBelgium9,261,64179.55%
SomaliaSomalia8,972,16750.40%
GuatemalaGuatemala8,937,92350.08%
TunisiaTunisia8,896,84873.41%
GuineaGuinea8,715,64162.01%
GreeceGreece7,938,03176.24%
AlgeriaAlgeria7,840,13117.24%
SwedenSweden7,775,72674.14%
ZimbabweZimbabwe7,525,88246.83%
Dominican RepublicDominican Republic7,367,19365.60%
BoliviaBolivia7,361,00860.95%
IsraelIsrael7,055,46677.51%
Czech RepublicCzech Republic6,982,00665.42%
Hong KongHong Kong6,920,05792.69%
AustriaAustria6,899,87376.12%
HondurasHonduras6,596,21363.04%
BelarusBelarus6,536,39271.25%
HungaryHungary6,420,35466.30%
NicaraguaNicaragua6,404,52495.15%
NigerNiger6,248,48324.69%
SwitzerlandSwitzerland6,096,91169.34%
Burkina FasoBurkina Faso6,089,08927.05%
LaosLaos5,888,64977.90%
Sierra LeoneSierra Leone5,676,12368.58%
RomaniaRomania5,474,50728.56%
MalawiMalawi5,433,53826.42%
AzerbaijanAzerbaijan5,373,25352.19%
TajikistanTajikistan5,328,27752.33%
SingaporeSingapore5,287,00593.58%
ChadChad5,147,66727.89%
JordanJordan4,821,57942.83%
DenmarkDenmark4,746,52280.41%
El SalvadorEl Salvador4,659,97074.20%
Costa RicaCosta Rica4,650,63691.52%
TurkmenistanTurkmenistan4,614,86963.83%
FinlandFinland4,524,28881.24%
MaliMali4,354,29218.87%
NorwayNorway4,346,99579.66%
South SudanSouth Sudan4,315,12739.15%
New ZealandNew Zealand4,302,33083.84%
Republic of IrelandRepublic of Ireland4,112,23780.47%
ParaguayParaguay3,995,91559.11%
LiberiaLiberia3,903,80272.65%
CameroonCameroon3,753,73313.58%
PanamaPanama3,746,04185.12%
BeninBenin3,697,19026.87%
KuwaitKuwait3,457,49875.33%
SerbiaSerbia3,354,07549.39%
SyriaSyria3,295,63014.67%
OmanOman3,279,63269.33%
UruguayUruguay3,010,46488.78%
QatarQatar2,852,17898.61%
SlovakiaSlovakia2,840,01751.89%
LebanonLebanon2,740,22747.70%
MadagascarMadagascar2,710,3658.90%
SenegalSenegal2,684,69615.21%
Central African RepublicCentral African Republic2,600,38951.01%
CroatiaCroatia2,323,02559.46%
LibyaLibya2,316,32732.07%
MongoliaMongolia2,284,01867.45%
TogoTogo2,255,57924.81%
BulgariaBulgaria2,155,86331.58%
MauritaniaMauritania2,103,75443.15%
PalestinePalestine2,012,76737.94%
LithuaniaLithuania1,958,29969.52%
BotswanaBotswana1,951,05479.96%
KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan1,736,54124.97%
Georgia (country)Georgia1,654,50443.60%
AlbaniaAlbania1,349,25547.72%
LatviaLatvia1,346,18471.57%
SloveniaSlovenia1,265,80259.84%
BahrainBahrain1,241,17480.94%
ArmeniaArmenia1,150,91539.95%
MauritiusMauritius1,123,77388.06%
MoldovaMoldova1,109,52436.50%
YemenYemen1,050,2022.75%
LesothoLesotho1,014,07344.36%
Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina943,39429.44%
KosovoKosovo906,85852.79%
Timor-LesteTimor-Leste886,83864.77%
EstoniaEstonia870,20264.45%
JamaicaJamaica859,77330.28%
North MacedoniaNorth Macedonia854,57046.44%
Trinidad and TobagoTrinidad and Tobago754,39950.43%
Guinea-BissauGuinea-Bissau747,05735.48%
FijiFiji712,02577.44%
BhutanBhutan699,11689.52%
Republic of the CongoRepublic of the Congo695,76011.53%
MacauMacau679,70396.50%
The GambiaGambia674,31425.58%
CyprusCyprus671,19371.37%
NamibiaNamibia629,76721.79%
EswatiniEswatini526,05043.16%
HaitiHaiti521,3964.53%
GuyanaGuyana497,55060.56%
LuxembourgLuxembourg481,95773.77%
MaltaMalta478,95390.68%
BruneiBrunei451,14999.07%
ComorosComoros438,82552.60%
DjiboutiDjibouti421,57337.07%
MaldivesMaldives399,30876.19%
Papua New GuineaPapua New Guinea382,0203.74%
Cape VerdeCabo Verde356,73468.64%
Solomon IslandsSolomon Islands343,82144.02%
GabonGabon311,24412.80%
IcelandIceland309,77081.44%
Northern CyprusNorthern Cyprus301,67378.80%
MontenegroMontenegro292,78347.63%
Equatorial GuineaEquatorial Guinea270,10914.98%
SurinameSuriname267,82042.98%
BelizeBelize258,47364.18%
New CaledoniaNew Caledonia192,37567.00%
SamoaSamoa191,40388.91%
French PolynesiaFrench Polynesia190,90868.09%
VanuatuVanuatu176,62456.42%
The BahamasBahamas174,81043.97%
BarbadosBarbados163,85358.04%
São Tomé and PríncipeSao Tome and Principe140,25661.97%
CuraçaoCuraçao108,60158.59%
KiribatiKiribati100,90077.33%
ArubaAruba90,54684.00%
SeychellesSeychelles88,52070.52%
TongaTonga87,37583.17%
JerseyJersey84,36581.52%
Isle of ManIsle of Man69,56082.66%
Antigua and BarbudaAntigua and Barbuda64,29069.24%
Cayman IslandsCayman Islands62,11386.74%
Saint LuciaSaint Lucia60,14033.64%
AndorraAndorra57,91372.64%
GuernseyGuernsey54,22385.06%
BermudaBermuda48,55474.96%
GrenadaGrenada44,24137.84%
GibraltarGibraltar42,175112.08%
Faroe IslandsFaroe Islands41,71577.19%
GreenlandGreenland41,22773.60%
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesSaint Vincent and the Grenadines37,53236.77%
BurundiBurundi36,9090.28%
Saint Kitts and NevisSaint Kitts and Nevis33,79472.31%
DominicaDominica32,99549.36%
Turks and Caicos IslandsTurks and Caicos Islands32,81571.54%
Sint MaartenSint Maarten29,78870.65%
MonacoMonaco28,87574.13%
LiechtensteinLiechtenstein26,77168.05%
San MarinoSan Marino26,35777.26%
British Virgin IslandsBritish Virgin Islands19,46650.76%
Caribbean NetherlandsCaribbean Netherlands19,10966.69%
Cook IslandsCook Islands15,112102.48%
NauruNauru13,106110.86%
AnguillaAnguilla10,85876.45%
TuvaluTuvalu9,76397.51%
Wallis and FutunaWallis and Futuna7,15062.17%
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da CunhaSaint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha4,36181.23%
Falkland IslandsFalkland Islands2,63274.88%
TokelauTokelau2,20395.29%
MontserratMontserrat2,10447.01%
NiueNiue1,63888.83%
Pitcairn IslandsPitcairn Islands47100.00%
North KoreaNorth Korea00.00%
  1. ^Number of people who have received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine (unless noted otherwise).
  2. ^Percentage of population that has received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. May include vaccination of non-citizens, which can push totals beyond 100% of the local population.
  3. ^Countries which do not report data for a column are not included in that column's world total.
  4. ^Vaccination note: Countries which do not report the number of people who have received at least one dose are not included in the world total.
  5. ^Does not includespecial administrative regions (Hong Kong andMacau) orTaiwan.
  6. ^Data onmember states of the European Union are individually listed, but are also summed here for convenience. They are not double-counted in world totals.
  7. ^Vaccination note: IncludesFreely Associated States
  8. ^Vaccination note: IncludesVatican City


By continent

Further information:National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic

As a result of COVID-19 many regions have imposedlockdowns, curfews, and quarantines alongsidenew legislation andevacuations, or other restrictions for citizens of or recent travelers to the most affected areas.[32] Other regions have imposed global restrictions that apply to all foreign countries and territories, orprevent their own citizens from travelling overseas.[33]

Africa

Main article:COVID-19 pandemic in Africa
See also:National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa
Confirmed cases in Africa as of 23 May 2021
  1–99 confirmed cases
  100–999 confirmed cases
  1,000–9,999 confirmed cases
  10,000–99,999 confirmed cases
  100,000+ confirmed cases

The pandemic was confirmed to have spread to Africa on 14 February 2020, with the first confirmed case announced inEgypt.[34][35] The first confirmed case insub-Saharan Africa was announced inNigeria at the end of February 2020.[36] Within three months, the virus had spread throughout the continent, asLesotho, the last African sovereign state to have remained free of the virus, reported a case on 13 May 2020.[37][38] By 26 May, it appeared that most African countries were experiencing community transmission, although testing capacity was limited.[39] Most of the identified imported cases arrived fromEurope and theUnited States rather than fromChina where the virus originated.[40]

In early June 2021, Africa faced a third wave of COVID infections with cases rising in 14 countries.[41] By 4 July the continent recorded more than 251,000 new Covid cases, a 20% increase from the prior week and a 12% increase from the January peak. More than sixteen African countries, includingMalawi andSenegal, recorded an uptick in new cases.[42] TheWorld Health Organization labelled it Africa's 'Worst Pandemic Week Ever'.[43]

The government ofEgypt denied January 2021 allegations that the shortage of oxygen had killed several COVID-19 patients at one of its hospitals. However, an investigation led byThe New York Times confirmed that the authorities had lied. The video of one of Egypt's hospitals treating critical patients using manual ventilation methods went viral onFacebook. The video was posted by Ahmed Nafei, the nephew of a 62-year-old woman who died. In addition, the relatives of the dead patients and the El Husseineya Central Hospital's medical staff also confirmed in an interview given toThe New York Times that the cause of death had been the shortage of oxygen.[44]

Antarctica

Main article:COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica
Confirmed cases in Antarctica
Due to its remoteness and sparse population,Antarctica was the lastcontinent to have confirmed cases of COVID-19 and was one of the last regions of the world affected directly by the pandemic.[45][46][47] The first cases were reported in December 2020, almost a year after the first cases of COVID-19 were detected in China. At least 36 people are confirmed to have been infected.[48]

Asia

Main article:COVID-19 pandemic in Asia
COVID-19 deaths per million residents in Asia as of 10 December 2020
  ≥ 800
  600–799
  300–599
  200–299
  100–199
  <100

TheCOVID-19 pandemic began in Asia inWuhan, Hubei, China, and has spread widely through the continent. As of 25 October 2025,[49] at least one case ofCOVID-19 had been reported in every country in Asia exceptTurkmenistan.

The Asian countries with the highest numbers of confirmed coronavirus cases areIndia,South Korea,Turkey,Vietnam, andIran.[50] Despite being the first area of the world hit by the outbreak, the early wide-scale response of some Asian states, particularlyBhutan,[51]Singapore,[52]Taiwan,[53] and Vietnam[54] has allowed them to fare comparatively well. China was criticised for initially minimising the severity of the outbreak, but its wide-scale response has largely contained the disease since March 2020.[55][56][57][58]

As of July 2021, the highest numbers of deaths are recorded in India, Indonesia, Iran, and Turkey, each with more than 90,000 deaths and more than 900,000 deaths combined. However, the death toll in Iran and Indonesia are claimed to be much higher than the official figures.[59][60] Per capita, the highest deaths have been disproportionally in several Western Asian states, with Georgia having the highest figure closely followed by Armenia, and Iran in third, whereas China had the lowest.[61]

Europe

Main article:COVID-19 pandemic in Europe
COVID-19 deaths per million residents in Europe as of 5 February 2022
Theglobal COVID-19 pandemic arrived inEurope with its first confirmed case inBordeaux,France, on 24 January 2020, and subsequently spread widely across the continent. By 17 March 2020, every country in Europe had confirmed a case,[62] and all have reported at least one death, with the exception ofVatican City.

North America

Main article:COVID-19 pandemic in North America
Map last updated: December 2020
  <500 confirmed cases
  500–1,000
  1,000–2,000
  2,000–5,000
  5,000–10,000
  10,000–50,000
  50,000–100,000
  100,000–200,000
  >200,000 confirmed cases

The first cases of theCOVID-19 pandemic ofCoronavirus Disease 2019 in North America were reported in theUnited States on 23 January 2020. Cases were reported in all North American countries afterSaint Kitts and Nevis confirmed a case on 25 March, and in all North American territories afterBonaire confirmed a case on 16 April.[63]

On 26 March 2020, the United States became the country in North America with the highest number of confirmed COVID-19 infections, at over 82,000 cases.[64] On 11 April 2020, the United States became the country in North America with the highest official death toll for COVID-19, at over 20,000 deaths.[65] As of 10 April 2022, there are about 97 million cases and about 1.4 million deaths in North America; about 88.9 million have recovered from COVID-19, meaning that nearly 11 out of 12 cases have recovered or that the recovery rate is nearly 92%.[66]

As of 10 April 2022, the United States has had the highest number of cases in North America, at about 82 million cases, as well as the highest death toll, at over a million deaths. There have been nearly 75.7 million recoveries in the United States as of 10 April 2022, meaning that nearly 12 out of 13 cases in the country have recovered or that the recovery rate is about 92%. On 20 March 2022, the number of COVID-19 deaths in the United States exceeded a million.

As of 10 April 2022,Canada has reported nearly 3.6 million cases and about 38,000 deaths,[67] whileMexico, which was overtaken in terms of the number of cases on 11 March 2022, the second anniversary of the day when the COVID-19 outbreak became a pandemic, byJapan, the second most affected country inEast Asia, has reported about 5.7 million cases and about 320,000 deaths.[68] The state in the United States with the highest number of cases and the highest death toll is California, at about 9.1 million cases and nearly 90,000 deaths as of 10 April 2022.[69]

Oceania

Main article:COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania
Confirmed cases in Oceania as of 31 July 2021
  1–9 confirmed cases
  10–99 confirmed cases
  100–999 confirmed cases
  1000–9999 confirmed cases
  10,000+ confirmed cases

TheCOVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached Oceania on 25 January 2020 with the first confirmed case reported inMelbourne,Australia.[70] The virus has spread to all sovereign states and territories in the region.[71]Australia andNew Zealand were praised for their handling of the pandemic in comparison to other Western nations, with New Zealand and each state in Australia wiping out all community transmission of the virus several times even after re-introduction in the community.[72][73][74]

As a result of the high transmissibility of the Delta variant however, by August 2021, the Australian states ofNew South Wales andVictoria had conceded defeat in their eradication efforts.[75] In early October 2021, New Zealand also abandoned its elimination strategy.[76][77]

South America

Main article:COVID-19 pandemic in South America
Confirmed cases in South America as of 21 March 2021
  1–499 confirmed cases
  500–999
  1,000–1,999
  2,000–4,999
  5,000–9,999
  10,000–49,999
  50,000–99,999
  100,000–199,999
  200,000+ confirmed cases
The pandemic was confirmed to have reached South America on 26 February 2020 when Brazil confirmed a case inSão Paulo.[78] By 3 April, all countries and territories in South America had recorded at least one case.[79]

On 13 May 2020, it was reported that Latin America and theCaribbean had reported over 400,000 cases of COVID-19 infection with, 23,091 deaths. On 22 May 2020, citing the rapid increase ofinfections in Brazil, the WHO declared South America the epicentre of the pandemic.[80][81]

As of 12 January 2023, South America had recorded 67,331,547 confirmed cases and 1,344,031 deaths from COVID-19. Due to a shortage of testing and medical facilities, it is believed that the outbreak is far larger than the official numbers show.[82]

At sea

Further information:COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships andCOVID-19 pandemic on naval ships
Diamond Princess undergoing a cleaning and disinfection process atDaikoku Pier inYokohama Port photographed on 1 March 2020

Early in 2020, in the early days of theCOVID-19 pandemic, the disease spread to a number ofcruise ships, with the nature of such ships – including crowded semi-enclosed areas, increased exposure to new environments, and limited medical resources – contributing to the heightened risk and rapid spread of the disease.[83]

The British-registeredDiamond Princess was the first cruise ship to have a major outbreak on board, with the shipquarantined atYokohama from 4 February 2020 for about a month. Of 3711 passengers and crew, around 700 peoplebecame infected and 9 people died.[84][85] With that, many cruise lines suspended their operations to mitigate the spread of the pandemic and were replaced by "cruises to nowhere".
TheCOVID-19 pandemic spread to many military ships. The nature of these ships, which includes working with others in small enclosed areas and a lack of private quarters for the vast majority of crew, contributed to the rapid spread of the disease, even more so thanon cruise ships.[86][87]

Timeline of first confirmed cases by country or territory

First confirmed COVID-19 cases by country or territory
DateCountries /Territories
1 December 2019[a]China
13 January 2020Thailand
16 January 2020Japan
20 January 2020South KoreaUnited States
21 January 2020Taiwan[b]
22 January 2020Hong Kong[c]Macau[c]
23 January 2020NepalSingaporeVietnam
24 January 2020France
25 January 2020AustraliaCanadaMalaysia
27 January 2020CambodiaGermanySri Lanka
29 January 2020FinlandUnited Arab Emirates
30 January 2020IndiaItalyPhilippines
31 January 2020RussiaSpainSwedenUnited Kingdom
3 February 2020Belgium
14 February 2020Egypt
19 February 2020Iran
21 February 2020IsraelLebanon
24 February 2020AfghanistanBahrainIraqKuwaitOman
25 February 2020AlgeriaAustriaBrazilCroatiaSwitzerland
26 February 2020GeorgiaGreeceNorth MacedoniaNorwayPakistanRomania
27 February 2020DenmarkEstoniaNetherlandsNigeriaSan Marino
28 February 2020AzerbaijanBelarusIcelandLithuaniaMexicoMonacoNew Zealand
29 February 2020EcuadorIrelandLuxembourgQatar
1 March 2020ArmeniaCzechiaDominican RepublicSaint Barthélemy[d]Saint Martin[d]
2 March 2020AndorraIndonesiaJordanLatviaMoroccoPortugalSaudi ArabiaSenegalTunisia
3 March 2020ArgentinaChileGibraltar[e]LiechtensteinUkraine
4 March 2020Faroe Islands[f]French Guiana[g]HungaryPolandSlovenia
5 March 2020Bosnia and HerzegovinaMartinique[g]PalestineSouth Africa
6 March 2020BhutanCameroonColombiaCosta RicaPeruSerbiaSlovakiaTogoVatican City
7 March 2020MaldivesMaltaMoldovaParaguay
8 March 2020AlbaniaBangladeshBulgaria
9 March 2020BruneiCyprusGuernsey[h]Panama
10 March 2020BoliviaBurkina FasoDR CongoJamaicaJersey[h]MongoliaNorthern Cyprus[b]
11 March 2020CubaFrench Polynesia[d]GuyanaHondurasIvory CoastRéunion[g]Turkey
12 March 2020Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesTrinidad and Tobago
13 March 2020Antigua and BarbudaAruba[i]Cayman Islands[e]Curaçao[i]EthiopiaGabonGhanaGuadeloupe[g]GuatemalaGuineaKazakhstanKenyaKosovo[b]Puerto Rico[j]Saint LuciaSudanSurinameUnited States Virgin Islands[j]UruguayVenezuela
14 March 2020Central African RepublicCongoEquatorial GuineaEswatiniMauritaniaMayotte[g]NamibiaRwandaSeychelles
15 March 2020Akrotiri and Dhekelia[e][k]BahamasGuam[j]Uzbekistan
16 March 2020BeninGreenland[f]LiberiaSomaliaTanzania
17 March 2020BarbadosGambiaMontenegroSint Maarten[i]
18 March 2020Bermuda[e]DjiboutiEl SalvadorKyrgyzstanMauritiusMontserrat[e]New Caledonia[l]NicaraguaZambia
19 March 2020AngolaChadFijiHaitiIsle of Man[h]Niger
20 March 2020Cape VerdeMadagascarPapua New GuineaTimor-LesteUgandaZimbabwe
21 March 2020EritreaTransnistria[m]
22 March 2020Åland[n]DominicaGrenadaMozambiqueSyria
23 March 2020BelizeMyanmarTurks and Caicos Islands[e]
24 March 2020LaosLibya
25 March 2020British Virgin Islands[e]Guinea-BissauMaliSaint Kitts and Nevis
26 March 2020Anguilla[e]
28 March 2020Northern Mariana Islands[j]
30 March 2020Botswana
31 March 2020BurundiDonetsk People's Republic[o]Luhansk People's Republic[o]Sierra LeoneSint Eustatius[p]Somaliland[q]
2 April 2020Malawi
3 April 2020Falkland Islands[e]
4 April 2020Western Sahara[r][s]
5 April 2020Saint Pierre and Miquelon[d]South Sudan
6 April 2020São Tomé and Príncipe
7 April 2020Abkhazia[b]Artsakh[m]
10 April 2020Yemen
11 April 2020Saba[p]
16 April 2020Bonaire[p]
30 April 2020ComorosTajikistan
6 May 2020South Ossetia[b]
13 May 2020Lesotho
25 July 2020Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic[b]
7 September 2020Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha[e]
3 October 2020Solomon Islands
16 October 2020Wallis and Futuna[d]
28 October 2020Marshall Islands
November 2020British Indian Ocean Territory[e]
9 November 2020American Samoa[j]
11 November 2020Vanuatu
18 November 2020Samoa
21 December 2020Antarctica[t]
8 January 2021Federated States of Micronesia
18 May 2021Kiribati
31 May 2021Palau
6 October 2021Svalbard[u]
29 October 2021Tonga
3 December 2021Cook Islands[v]
30 December 2021Norfolk Island[w]
6 March 2022Christmas Island[w]
9 March 2022Niue[v]
19 March 2022Cocos (Keeling) Islands[w]
2 April 2022Nauru
8 May 2022[x]North Korea
20 May 2022Tuvalu
16 July 2022Pitcairn Islands[e]
21 December 2022Tokelau[y]
  1. ^While the index case was confirmed on 1 December 2019, further investigation opened up the possibility of the infection to have taken place earlier.[88]
  2. ^abcdefNon-member of the United Nations withlimited recognition by someUN member states.
  3. ^abSpecial administrative region ofChina.
  4. ^abcdeOverseas collectivity ofFrance.
  5. ^abcdefghijklBritish Overseas Territory.
  6. ^abAutonomous territory of theKingdom of Denmark.
  7. ^abcdeOverseas region ofFrance.
  8. ^abcBritish Crown Dependency.
  9. ^abcConstituent country of theKingdom of the Netherlands.
  10. ^abcdeTerritory of theUnited States.
  11. ^Permanent Cypriot population, as well as British military personnel and their families.
  12. ^Sui generis collectivity ofFrance.
  13. ^abNon-member of the United Nations withlimited recognition only by other non-UN states.
  14. ^Autonomous county ofFinland.
  15. ^abFormer Russian puppet state illegally annexed by Russia in 2022 and recognized internationally as part of Ukraine.
  16. ^abcSpecial municipality of theNetherlands.
  17. ^Non-member of the United Nationsnot recognised by any other state.
  18. ^Non-Self-Governing Territory as defined by theUnited Nations Charter. The first case was confirmed in theLaâyoune-Sakia El Hamra region in theMoroccan-controlled part.
  19. ^Subject ofterritorial dispute.
  20. ^De factocondominium governed by the signatories to theAntarctic Treaty System.
  21. ^Unincorporated area ofNorway.
  22. ^abState in free association withNew Zealand.
  23. ^abcExternal territory ofAustralia.
  24. ^Some foreign analysts believe the virus had spread there by March 2020. A soldier who was shot crossing the China-North Korea border on 20 April 2020 tested positive after being brought to a hospital in China, lending strong evidence to the existence of cases in the country.
  25. ^Non-self-governing territory ofNew Zealand.

States with no confirmed cases

As of March 2023[update],Turkmenistan inCentral Asia is the only sovereign state in the world which hasnot reported any confirmed cases of COVID-19.[89][90][91] Cases are strongly suspected, but none have been officially reported. Private citizens have reported hospitals being overwhelmed with patients showing COVID-19-like symptoms, including a very large outbreak in a women's prison that apparently began September 2020. The Turkmenistan government has instead reported a large increase in atypical pneumonia cases.

The last territory in the world to have its first COVID infection wasTokelau, a dependency of New Zealand that reported five cases on 21 December 2022.[92]

See also

Notes

  1. ^abOur World in Data (OWID). SeeCoronavirus Source Data for OWID sourcing info. Excerpt: "Deaths and cases: our data source. Our World in Data relies on data from Johns Hopkins University. ... JHU updates its data multiple times each day. This data is sourced from governments, national and subnational agencies across the world — a full list of data sources for each country is publishedon Johns Hopkins GitHub site. It also makes its data publicly available there."
  2. ^abcdefghijkl"CSSEGISandData/COVID-19".GitHub. 16 October 2022. COVID-19 Data Repository by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) atJohns Hopkins University. TheCSV files are downloaded via the "Raw" links. The "Raw" link doesn't show up until you click the csv file link. This opens into a GitHub page with the data and the "Raw" link. SeeHow to Use our Data for more info and links. See:Pandemic Data Initiative. Seemore sourcing history and info.
  3. ^abcdefghOur World in Data (OWID) maps and graphs on cases and deaths. Click on the download tab to download the image. The table tab has a table of the exact data by country. The source tab reports the data is from theCOVID-19 Data Repository by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) atJohns Hopkins University. The image at the source is interactive and provides more detail. For example, for maps move the cursor over the color bar legend to see the countries that apply to that point in the legend. For graphs, put cursor over the graph for more info. SeeCoronavirus Source Data for more OWID sourcing info.
  4. ^abcdOur World in Data (OWID) vaccination maps. Click on the download tab to download the map. The table tab has a table of the exact data by country. The source tab reports that the data is fromverifiable public official sources collated byOur World in Data. The map at the source is interactive and provides more detail. Run the cursor over the color bar legend to see the countries that apply to that point in the legend. There is anOWID vaccination info FAQ.
  5. ^abThe table uses data updated by a bot; seeTemplate:COVID-19 data for more information. Scroll down past the table to find the documentation and the main reference. See also:Category:Automatically updated COVID-19 pandemic table templates.

References

  1. ^The data is from the deaths per million column ofTemplate:COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country. See that template's reference for more info.
  2. ^"Coronavirus very likely of animal origin, no sign of lab manipulation: WHO".Reuters. 2 April 2020.Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved23 April 2020.
  3. ^Lau SK, Luk HK, Wong AC, Li KS, Zhu L, He Z, et al. (April 2020)."Possible Bat Origin of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2".Emerging Infectious Diseases.26 (7). U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):1542–1547.doi:10.3201/eid2607.200092.ISSN 1080-6059.OCLC 1058036512.PMC 7323513.PMID 32315281.S2CID 216073459.
  4. ^Zoumpourlis V, Goulielmaki M, Rizos E, Baliou S, Spandidos DA (October 2020)."[Comment] The COVID‑19 pandemic as a scientific and social challenge in the 21st century".Molecular Medicine Reports.22 (4):3035–3048.doi:10.3892/mmr.2020.11393.PMC 7453598.PMID 32945405.
  5. ^Ma J (13 March 2020)."Coronavirus: China's first confirmed Covid-19 case traced back to November 17".South China Morning Post. Retrieved20 October 2021.
  6. ^abcdeMathieu, Edouard;Ritchie, Hannah; Rodés-Guirao, Lucas; Appel, Cameron; Giattino, Charlie; Hasell, Joe; Macdonald, Bobbie; Dattani, Saloni; Beltekian, Diana; Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban;Roser, Max (2020–2024)."Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19)".Our World in Data. Retrieved15 October 2025.
  7. ^"Estimation of total mortality due to COVID-19".Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 22 April 2021. Retrieved26 June 2021.
  8. ^Wiens KE, Mawien PN, Rumunu J, Slater D, Jones FK, Moheed S, et al. (March 2021). "Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Juba, South Sudan: a population-based study".medRxiv 10.1101/2021.03.08.21253009v1.
  9. ^Ibrahim, NK (November 2020)."Epidemiologic surveillance for controlling Covid-19 pandemic: types, challenges and implications".Journal of Infection and Public Health.13 (11):1630–1638.doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2020.07.019.PMC 7441991.PMID 32855090.
  10. ^World map of total cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases by country. FromOur World in Data.
  11. ^World map of total cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases per capita by country. FromOur World in Data.
  12. ^World map of cumulative confirmed COVID-19 deaths by country. FromOur World in Data.
  13. ^World map of cumulative confirmed COVID-19 deaths per million people. FromOur World in Data.
  14. ^World map of daily new confirmed COVID-19 deaths per million people by country. FromOur World in Data.The chart tab has a timeline graph of worldwide daily new deaths per million people. Drag the timeline for numbers by date.
  15. ^Timeline of daily new confirmed COVID-19 deaths worldwide per million people. FromOur World in Data. The graph at the source is interactive and provides more detail. For example, move cursor over the graph for the date and rate. Multiply that rate number times theworld population at the time. Then divide by a million to get the confirmed deaths for that day. For example, the 26 January 2021 daily peak of 1.89 deaths per million people times the world population that year fromthis source. The 2020 population was listed as 7,794,798,739. Divide that by a million to get 7,794. Multiply that by 1.89 to get 14,731 deaths that day. The actual number of confirmed deaths may be higher or lower that day since the graph is using a rolling 7-day average.
  16. ^"Timeline of daily new confirmed COVID-19 deaths worldwide".Our World in Data. Table tab has exact numbers by country. Drag the timeline for numbers by date.
  17. ^"Timeline of weekly new confirmed COVID-19 deaths worldwide".Our World in Data. COVID-19 Data Explorer. The map and table tabs have exact numbers by country. Drag the table timeline for country numbers by date. The graph at the source is interactive and provides more detail by date.
  18. ^abcd"owid/covid-19-data".GitHub. COVID-19 Data Repository byOur World in Data collated from verifiable public official sources.
  19. ^World map of share of people who are fully vaccinated against COVID-19 by country relative to its population. FromOur World in Data. Chart tab has timeline graph of share of people who are fully vaccinated by country relative to its population and also the world.
  20. ^World map of share of people who have received at least one vaccine dose by relative population of a country. FromOur World in Data. Chart tab has timeline graph of share of people who have received at least one vaccine dose by country relative to its population, and also the world.
  21. ^World map of COVID-19 vaccine doses administered per 100 people by country. FromOur World in Data. Chart tab has timeline graph of doses administered per 100 people by country and also the world.
  22. ^abMathieu, Edouard;Ritchie, Hannah; Rodés-Guirao, Lucas; Appel, Cameron; Giattino, Charlie; Hasell, Joe; Macdonald, Bobbie; Dattani, Saloni; Beltekian, Diana; Ortiz-Ospina, Esteban;Roser, Max (2020–2024)."Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19)".Our World in Data. Retrieved15 October 2025.
  23. ^"Confirmed COVID-19 cases".Our World in Data.Archived from the original on 19 May 2020. Retrieved4 August 2020. Graph lines at the source are interactive by country.
  24. ^abDaily cases and deaths by date reported to WHO (.csv file). FromWorld Health Organization (WHO). The file has detailed data on cases and deaths by country going back to the beginning of the pandemic. Updated daily. Link is found in the Data Download section of theWHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard.
  25. ^abWHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. FromWorld Health Organization (WHO). Click the "data table" tab. Wait for it to load. Table has data on cases and deaths by country. Updated daily. TheInternet Archive has some of the previous dayshere.
  26. ^abCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) Weekly Epidemiological Update and Weekly Operational Update. FromWorld Health Organization (WHO). Additional info on cases and deaths. Early reports have detailed data by country.
  27. ^Pathak, Sushmita; Frayer, Lauren; Silver, Marc (20 July 2021)."India's Pandemic Death Toll Estimated At About 4 Million: 10 Times The Official Count".National Public Radio. Retrieved29 July 2021.
  28. ^Whiteside, Philip (2021)."Covid in Africa".Sky News.
  29. ^"Geographic distribution of COVID-19 cases worldwide". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 14 December 2020.Archived from the original on 24 December 2020. Retrieved23 December 2020.
  30. ^"Regions according to World Bank, adapted".World Bank.Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved30 July 2020.
  31. ^"Covid Data - Vaccinations". Our World in Data. Retrieved6 October 2021. Value given is the mean of first and full vaccinations.
  32. ^"Coronavirus Travel Restrictions, Across the Globe".The New York Times. 26 March 2020.Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved31 October 2020.
  33. ^"Coronavirus (COVID-19) – information for Australian travelers". Australian Government.Archived from the original on 4 September 2020. Retrieved4 September 2020.
  34. ^"Beijing orders 14-day quarantine for all returnees".BBC News. 15 February 2020.Archived from the original on 14 February 2020. Retrieved24 March 2020.
  35. ^"Egypt announces first Coronavirus infection".Egypt Today.Archived from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved24 March 2020.
  36. ^"Nigeria confirms first coronavirus case".BBC News. 28 February 2020.Archived from the original on 2 March 2020. Retrieved24 March 2020.
  37. ^"Remote Lesotho becomes last country in Africa to record COVID-19 case".Reuters. 13 May 2020.Archived from the original on 14 May 2020. Retrieved13 May 2020.
  38. ^"Coronavirus live updates: Lesotho becomes last African nation to report a coronavirus case".Los Angeles Times.Archived from the original on 13 May 2020. Retrieved13 May 2020.
  39. ^Akinwotu, Emmanuel (26 May 2020)."Experts sound alarm over lack of Covid-19 test kits in Africa".The Guardian.Archived from the original on 29 May 2020. Retrieved29 May 2020.
  40. ^Maclean, Ruth (17 March 2020)."Africa Braces for Coronavirus, but Slowly".The New York Times.Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved25 March 2020.
  41. ^"Third wave sweeps across Africa as Covid vaccine imports dry up".The Guardian. 7 June 2021. Retrieved9 June 2021.
  42. ^Mendez, Rich (8 July 2021)."Africa suffers worst surge in Covid cases as delta variant spurs third wave of pandemic".CNBC. Retrieved9 July 2021.
  43. ^Dahir, Abdi Latif (8 July 2021)."Africa marks its 'worst pandemic week' yet, with cases surging and vaccine scarce, the W.H.O. says".The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331. Archived fromthe original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved9 July 2021.
  44. ^"Egypt Denied an Oxygen Failure Killed Covid Patients. We Found That It Did".The New York Times.Archived from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved18 January 2021.
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Further reading

  • Nyabola, Nanjala.Strange and Difficult Times: Notes on a Global Pandemic (London: Hurst & Company, 2022) covers Africa, especially Kenya.online book review

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