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COSMIC-2

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Joint U.S.-Taiwanese research satellite constellation
COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7
model of COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7
Mission typeMeteorology,ionosphere,climatology, andspace weather research
OperatorTaiwan Space Agency (formerlyNational Space Organization)
NOAA
COSPAR ID2019-036L,2019-036N,2019-036E,2019-036M,2019-036V,2019-036Q
SATCATno.44349, 44351, 44343, 44350, 44358, 44353
Websitewww.tasa.org.tw
Mission durationPlanned: 5 years[1]
Elapsed: 6 years, 7 months, 19 days
Spacecraft properties
ManufacturerNational Space Organization andSSTL[2]
Launch mass6 × 300 kg (660 lb)[2]
DimensionsLength: 1.25 m, width: 1 m, height: 1.25 m[2]
Start of mission
Launch date25 June 2019, 06:30 (2019-06-25UTC06:30) UTC[3]
RocketFalcon Heavy Flight 3[4][5]
Launch siteKSC LC-39A[4]
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit
Inclination24°(Set 1)[6]
72°(Set 2, canceled)[7]
Period97 min[6]
Instruments
TGRSTri-GNSS Radio occultation System
IVMIon Velocity Meter
RFBRadio Frequency Beacon

COSMIC-2 also known asFORMOSAT-7, is theconstellation of satellites formeteorology,ionosphere,climatology, andspace weather research. FORMOSAT-7 is a joint US-Taiwanese project includingNational Space Organization (NSPO) on the Taiwanese side and theNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and theUnited States Air Force (USAF) on the US side. FORMOSAT-7 is the successor ofFORMOSAT-3[6] The six satellites of the constellation were launched 25 June 2019 on aFalcon Heavy rocket. They reached their designated mission orbits in February 2021, after eighteen months of gradual orbital adjustments.[8] Full operational capability was achieved in October 2021.[9]

Pre-launch

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On the morning of 14 April 2019, PresidentTsai Ing-wen traveled toHsinchu City to take part in send-off activities for the Formosat-7 satellite. She commended the hard work and accomplishments of the research and development team, and hailed Formosat-7 as a milestone in promoting Taiwan's technological diplomacy, noting that she expected the satellite would display "the brilliance of Taiwan's aerospace technology on the international stage".[10]

On 15 April, the satellites were placed aboard a TaiwaneseChina Airlines cargo plane atTaoyuan International Airport. The six satellites were packed in three climate controlled transport crates. The satellites were shipped asdiplomatic pouch to speed their journey through US customs, the first time a satellite had been shipped as such.[11]

Design

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78% of components for the satellite program were made in Taiwan.[12] The satellites receive signals from bothGPS andGLONASS. The constellation collects more than 4,000 pieces of data a day.[13]

Radio-Occultation Payload

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The primary payload for the COSMIC-2 satellites is theRadio Occultation instrument.

This instrument is capable of measuring atmospheric effects by analyzing the propagation ofGNSS signals through said atmosphere.[14]

The instrument is composed of the Tri-band GNSS (TriG) RO and POD Receiver[15] and four Antennas:

  • Two Radio Occultation Arrays (the Cafeteria Cups Antenna) one Forward, one Aft
  • Two Precise Orbit Determination Antennas, one Forward, one Aft

Cafeteria Cups Antenna

[edit]
The COSMIC-2 RO antenna prototype "Cafeteria Cups", fabricated out of 3D-printed FDM Ultem 9085, and inventor Dmitry Turbiner.

Each RO Antenna is composed of three vertical sub-arrays, four elements each.[16]

Each element is a two-turn helical spiral. The collected signals from the four vertical elements are combined with a low lossbeamformer.

The name 'Cafeteria Cups' comes from the fact that the antenna elements in the very first prototype were made out ofplastic cups from the JPL cafeteria.

The Antenna is fabricated out of 3D Printed FDM Ultem 9085.[17] This makes the COSMIC-2 RO antenna the first 3D printed part on the outside of a spacecraft to be qualified to NASA Class 2B spaceflight.

Launch

[edit]

COSMIC-2 launched onSpaceX'sFalcon Heavy fromKennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A on 25 June 2019.

Post-launch

[edit]

The first data from COSMIC-2 was made public in March 2020 with the new data improving the accuracy of weather forecasts by 10-11%. All six satellites reached their mission orbits by February 2021.[13] The mission achieved full operational capability in October 2021.[9]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^朱則瑋 (3 August 2018)."取代福衛三號 福衛七號將成新太空溫度計".Central News Agency (Taiwan). 台北市: 中央社.
  2. ^abc"FORMOSAT-7 satellite". National Space Organization. Archived fromthe original on 14 April 2019. Retrieved6 January 2019.
  3. ^簡惠茹 (6 January 2019)."美方禮遇 我首度以外交郵包寄運福七".Liberty Times.
  4. ^ab"FORMOSAT-7 launch-system". NSPO. Archived fromthe original on 14 April 2019. Retrieved6 January 2019.
  5. ^朱則瑋 (3 August 2018)."台灣另一個驕傲 福衛七號最快年底升空".中央通訊社. 台北市: 中央社.
  6. ^abc"FORMOSAT-7 program-description". NSPO. Archived fromthe original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved6 January 2019.
  7. ^"不執行福衛七號第二組6枚衛星星系說明". 國家太空中心. 20 October 2017. Archived fromthe original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved14 April 2019.
  8. ^"All Formosat-7 satellites attain mission orbits".Taipei Times. 9 February 2021. Retrieved9 February 2021.
  9. ^ab"COSMIC-2 Achieves Full Operational Capability".NESDIS.NOAA. 12 October 2021. Retrieved18 October 2021.
  10. ^"President Tsai attends Formosat-7 send-off ceremony".Office of the President of the Republic of China (Taiwan). 2019-04-14. Retrieved17 September 2020.
  11. ^Everington, Keoni (15 April 2019)."Taiwan's FormoSat-7 group shipped to Florida for launch".taiwannews.com. Taiwan News. Retrieved5 July 2019.
  12. ^Strong, Matthew (15 November 2019)."France's Arianespace wins bid to launch Taiwan satellite in 2021".www.taiwannews.com.tw. Taiwan News. Retrieved15 November 2019.
  13. ^abSzu-yun, Su; Liu, Kay."All Taiwan's FormoSat-7 space project satellites reach mission orbit".focustaiwan.tw. Focus Taiwan. Retrieved23 February 2021.
  14. ^Ding, Tong; Awange, Joseph L.; Scherllin‐Pirscher, Barbara; Kuhn, Michael; Anyah, Richard; Zerihun, Ayalsew; Bui, Luyen K. (16 September 2022)."GNSS Radio Occultation Infilling of the African Radiosonde Data Gaps Reveals Drivers of Tropopause Climate Variability".Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres.127 (17).Bibcode:2022JGRD..12736648D.doi:10.1029/2022JD036648.hdl:20.500.11937/91903.S2CID 251652497.
  15. ^"Avionics: TriG RO and TriG POD"(PDF).www.moog.com. Retrieved17 January 2023.
  16. ^US 9190724, Turbiner, Dmitry, "Phased antenna array for global navigation satellite system signals", published 2015-11-17, assigned toCalifornia Institute of Technology 
  17. ^"3D Printed Satellite Exterior | NASA Case Study | Stratasys Direct".Stratasys. Retrieved28 October 2019.

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