CENPF is part of thenuclear matrix during theG2 phase of thecell cycle (the phase of rapid protein synthesis in preparation formitosis). In late G2, the protein forms part of thekinetochore, a disc-shapedprotein complex that allows thecentromere of twosister chromatids to attach tomicrotubules (forming thespindle apparatus) in order for the microtubules to pull them apart in the process of dividing the cell. It remains part of the kinetochore through earlyanaphase (the chromosome-dividing phase). In late anaphase, CENPFlocalises to the spindle midzone, and intelophase (the cell-dividing phase) it localises to theintercellular bridge. It is thought to be subsequentlydegraded. Mutations inCENPF lead to impaired cell division during early development. Mitosis has been found to take longer when the gene is mutated.[8][9]
Microtubules are protein structures that are part of thecytoskeleton and are necessary for cells to have diverse, complex shapes andmigratory ability. They are made by thecentrosome, which contains a pair of cylindricalcentrioles at right-angles to each other. Before division, CENPF localises at the end of one of the centrioles (the mother centriole) in order to orient microtubules correctly toform thin cellular projections calledcilia. Most cilia are primary cilia, which are involved incell signalling to trigger migration, division ordifferentiation. Mutations inCENPF disrupt this ability to form cilia; cilia have been found to be fewer in number and shorter when the gene is mutated.[8][10]
^"Human PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:".National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Rattner JB, Rao A, Fritzler MJ, Valencia DW, Yen TJ (Mar 1994). "CENP-F is a .ca 400 kDa kinetochore protein that exhibits a cell-cycle dependent localization".Cell Motil Cytoskeleton.26 (3):214–26.doi:10.1002/cm.970260305.PMID7904902.
^Testa JR, Zhou JY, Bell DW, Yen TJ (Mar 1995). "Chromosomal localization of the genes encoding the kinetochore proteins CENPE and CENPF to human chromosomes 4q24→q25 and 1q32→q41, respectively, by fluorescence in situ hybridization".Genomics.23 (3):691–3.doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1558.PMID7851898.
Li Q, Ke Y, Kapp JA, et al. (1995). "A novel cell-cycle-dependent 350-kDa nuclear protein: C-terminal domain sufficient for nuclear localization".Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.212 (1):220–8.doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1959.PMID7612011.
Erlanson M, Casiano CA, Tan EM, et al. (1999). "Immunohistochemical analysis of the proliferation associated nuclear antigen CENP-F in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma".Mod. Pathol.12 (1):69–74.PMID9950165.
Kobayashi M, Hanai R (2001). "M phase-specific association of human topoisomerase IIIbeta with chromosomes".Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.287 (1):282–7.doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.5580.PMID11549288.
Holstein SA, Hohl RJ (2003). "Synergistic interaction of lovastatin and paclitaxel in human cancer cells".Mol. Cancer Ther.1 (2):141–9.PMID12467231.
Konstantinidou AE, Korkolopoulou P, Kavantzas N, et al. (2003). "Mitosin, a novel marker of cell proliferation and early recurrence in intracranial meningiomas".Histol. Histopathol.18 (1):67–74.PMID12507285.
Laoukili J, Kooistra MR, Brás A, et al. (2005). "FoxM1 is required for execution of the mitotic programme and chromosome stability".Nat. Cell Biol.7 (2):126–36.doi:10.1038/ncb1217.PMID15654331.S2CID11732068.
