3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase 1 (B3GAT1) is anenzyme that in humans is encoded by theB3GAT1gene, whose enzymatic activity creates the CD57epitope on other cell surface proteins.[5] Inimmunology, the CD57antigen (CD stands forcluster of differentiation) is also known as HNK1 (human natural killer-1) or LEU7. It is expressed as a carbohydrateepitope that contains a sulfoglucuronyl residue in severaladhesion molecules of thenervous system.[6]
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the glucuronyltransferase gene family. These enzymes exhibit strict acceptor specificity, recognizing nonreducing terminal sugars and their anomeric linkages. This gene product functions as the key enzyme in a glucuronyl transfer reaction during the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate epitope HNK-1 (human natural killer-1, also known as CD57 and LEU7). Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized.[5]
There is an increase in the number of circulating CD57 positive cells in the blood of patients who have recently undergone organ or tissue transplants, especially of the bone marrow, and in patients withHIV. Increased CD57+ counts have also been reported inrheumatoid arthritis andFelty's syndrome, among other conditions.[8] High levels of CD57 expression amongst circulating CD8+ T cells is associated with other markers of immune ageing (immunosenescence) and may be associated with increased cancer risk in renal transplant recipients.[9]
^Mitsumoto Y, Oka S, Sakuma H, Inazawa J, Kawasaki T (April 2000). "Cloning and chromosomal mapping of human glucuronyltransferase involved in biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope".Genomics.65 (2):166–173.doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6152.PMID10783264.
^Wick MR (2010). "Chapter 11 – Immunohistology of the Mediastinum". In Dabbs DJ (ed.).Diagnostic immunohistochemistry: theranostic and genomic applications (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. pp. 345–6.doi:10.1016/B978-1-4160-5766-6.00015-7.ISBN978-1-4160-5766-6.
^abcLeong AS, Cooper K, Leong FJ (2003).Manual of Diagnostic Antibodies for Immunohistology (2nd ed.). London: Greenwich Medical Media. pp. 131–134.ISBN978-1-84110-100-2.
Mitsumoto Y, Oka S, Sakuma H, Inazawa J, Kawasaki T (April 2000). "Cloning and chromosomal mapping of human glucuronyltransferase involved in biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope".Genomics.65 (2):166–173.doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6152.PMID10783264.
Jirásek T, Hozák P, Mandys V (2003). "Different patterns of chromogranin A and Leu-7 (CD57) expression in gastrointestinal carcinoids: immunohistochemical and confocal laser scanning microscopy study".Neoplasma.50 (1):1–7.PMID12687271.
Chochi K, Ichikura T, Majima T, Kawabata T, Matsumoto A, Sugasawa H, et al. (2004). "The increase of CD57+ T cells in the peripheral blood and their impaired immune functions in patients with advanced gastric cancer".Oncology Reports.10 (5):1443–1448.doi:10.3892/or.10.5.1443.PMID12883721.
Matsubara K, Yura K, Hirata T, Nigami H, Harigaya H, Nozaki H, et al. (2005). "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with coexpression of CD56 and CD57: case report".Pediatric Hematology and Oncology.21 (7):677–682.doi:10.1080/08880010490501105.PMID15626024.S2CID41086927.
Sada-Ovalle I, Torre-Bouscoulet L, Valdez-Vázquez R, Martínez-Cairo S, Zenteno E, Lascurain R (December 2006). "Characterization of a cytotoxic CD57+ T cell subset from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis".Clinical Immunology.121 (3):314–323.doi:10.1016/j.clim.2006.08.011.PMID17035093.
