There are two forms of CD23: CD23a and CD23b. CD23a is present on follicular B cells, whereas CD23b requiresIL-4 to be expressed onT-cells,monocytes,Langerhans cells, eosinophils, and macrophages.[5]
CD23 is known to have a role of transportation in antibody feedback regulation. Antigens which enter the blood stream can be captured by antigen specific IgE antibodies. The IgE immune complexes that are formed bind to CD23 molecules on B cells, and are transported to the B cell follicles of the spleen. The antigen is then transferred from CD23+ B cells to CD11c+ antigen presenting cells. The CD11c+ cells in turn present the antigen to CD4+ T cells, which can lead to an enhanced antibody response.[6]
The allergen responsible indust mite allergy—Der p 1—is known to cleave CD23 from a cell’s surface. As CD23 is soluble, it can move freely and interact with cells in plasma. Recent studies have shown that increased levels of soluble CD23 cause the recruitment of non-sensitised B-cells in the presentation of antigen peptides to allergen-specific B-cells, therefore increasing the production of allergen specific IgE. IgE, in turn, is known to upregulate the cellular expression of CD23 and Fc epsilon RI (high-affinity IgE receptor).[7]
Patterns of CD23 (andCD21) expression by the follicular dendritic cells in follicular lymphoma.[8]
Inflow cytometry, CD23 is helpful in the differentiation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CD23-positive) from mantle cell lymphoma (CD23-negative).[9] CD23 can also be demonstrated ingerminal centre follicular dendritic cells usingimmunohistochemistry but is minimally expressed by benign germinal center B cells. In contrast to neoplastic mantle cells (which are negative for CD23), the resting cells of physiologic mantle zone express CD23. Paradoxically,Lymphomas arising from the mantle zone are generally negative for CD23, while mostB-cell chronic lymphomocytic leukaemias are positive, allowing immunohistochemistry to distinguish these conditions, which otherwise have a similar appearance.Reed – Sternberg cells are usually positive for CD23.[10]
^Barna G, Reiniger L, Tátrai P, Kopper L, Matolcsy A (Sep 2008). "The cut-off levels of CD23 expression in the differential diagnosis of MCL and CLL".Hematological Oncology.26 (3):167–70.doi:10.1002/hon.855.PMID18381689.S2CID20572446.
^Cooper K, Leong AS (2003).Manual of diagnostic antibodies for immunohistology. London: Greenwich Medical Media. p. 95.ISBN1-84110-100-1.
Schwarzmeier JD, Hubmann R, Düchler M, Jäger U, Shehata M (Feb 2005). "Regulation of CD23 expression by Notch2 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia".Leukemia & Lymphoma.46 (2):157–65.doi:10.1080/10428190400010742.PMID15621797.S2CID36863790.
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Maekawa N, Kawabe T, Sugie K, Kawakami T, Maeda Y, Uchida A, Yodoi J (1992). "Induction of Fc epsilon RII/CD23 on PHA-activated human peripheral blood T lymphocytes and association of fyn tyrosine kinase with Fc epsilon RII/CD23".International Journal of Tissue Reactions.14 (3):121–30.PMID1446976.
Kikutani H, Inui S, Sato R, Barsumian EL, Owaki H, Yamasaki K, Kaisho T, Uchibayashi N, Hardy RR, Hirano T (Dec 1986). "Molecular structure of human lymphocyte receptor for immunoglobulin E".Cell.47 (5):657–65.doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90508-8.PMID2877743.S2CID43557507.
Yokota A, Kikutani H, Tanaka T, Sato R, Barsumian EL, Suemura M, Kishimoto T (Nov 1988). "Two species of human Fc epsilon receptor II (Fc epsilon RII/CD23): tissue-specific and IL-4-specific regulation of gene expression".Cell.55 (4):611–8.doi:10.1016/0092-8674(88)90219-X.PMID2972386.S2CID140208582.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (Jan 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides".Gene.138 (1–2):171–4.doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8.PMID8125298.
Padlan EA, Helm BA (1994). "Modeling of the lectin-homology domains of the human and murine low-affinity Fc epsilon receptor (Fc epsilon RII/CD23)".Receptor.3 (4):325–41.PMID8142907.
Chirmule N, Kalyanaraman VS, Lederman S, Oyaizu N, Yagura H, Yellin MJ, Chess L, Pahwa S (Mar 1993). "HIV-gp 160-induced T cell-dependent B cell differentiation. Role of T cell-B cell activation molecule and IL-6".Journal of Immunology.150 (6):2478–86.doi:10.4049/jimmunol.150.6.2478.PMID8450224.S2CID25128583.
Frémeaux-Bacchi V, Bernard I, Maillet F, Mani JC, Fontaine M, Bonnefoy JY, Kazatchkine MD, Fischer E (Jul 1996). "Human lymphocytes shed a soluble form of CD21 (the C3dg/Epstein-Barr virus receptor, CR2) that binds iC3b and CD23".European Journal of Immunology.26 (7):1497–503.doi:10.1002/eji.1830260714.PMID8766552.S2CID31793325.
