Cénacle is the name given to aParisian literary group of varying constituency that began about 1826 to gather aroundCharles Nodier. The group sought to revive inFrench literature the old monarchical spirit, the spirit of medieval mystery and spiritual submission. The chief members wereVigny and the brothersDeschamps. They were soon joined byLamartine,Hugo, andSainte-Beuve, who describes the group as "royalists by birth, Christians by convention and a vague sentimentality." Other notable participants included Alfred de Musset, Prosper Mérimée, and Alexandre Dumas the Elder. Over time, particularly following the Revolution of 1830, the members’ attitudes evolved. Théophile Gautier and Gérard de Nerval joined the group around this period, but the original purpose of the Cénacle gradually faded, culminating with the success of Hugo’sHernani in 1830. The group also included women, such as the writer Louise Crombach.[1]
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