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Cà Mau (listenⓘ) is a former city in southernVietnam. It is the capital ofCà Mau province, a province in theMekong Delta region, in the southernmost part of Vietnam's inland territory (mainland). The city is characterised by its system of transport canals, and most goods are transported there by boats and barges.
The population is approximately 226,372 as of 2019.[2][1] Cà Mau is accessible by road (360 km south-west ofHo Chi Minh City) viaNational Route 1 or by air (Cà Mau Airport). The city is administratively subdivided into eight urbanphường (ward) and seven ruralxã (commune).[3]
Cà Mau is Vietnam's biggest exporter of shrimp and prawns. In 2005, Cà Mau province alone exported about $500 million of shrimp and prawns. A large petroleum project under construction, theCà Mau Gas-Power-Fertilizer Complex, is valued at $1.4 billion. It includes:
2 thermal power plants with a total capacity of 1500 MW (equipment provided by the German companySiemens)
A fertilizer plant with production capacity at 800,000 metric tonnes of urea/year, and
A gas pipeline 18 inches in diameter to extend 298 km offshore and with 27 km onshore piping in gas from the PM3 gas field shared with Malaysia. Two billion cubic metres of gas are piped to feed these plants per year.
Cà Mau has several attractions that draw domestic and international tourists. These include several wild bird parks, the southernmost point in Vietnam (called Mũi Cà Mau), and a number of pagodas. Near Cà Mau is theU Minh area with its famousmangrove forest and swamp cuisine: fishhot pots, Vietnamese, Chinese, and Khmer cuisines. Cà Mau also has several 1- to 3-star hotel restaurants.
During the1st millennium, the region of the present Cà Mau province was part of theKingdom of Funan (Vietnamese:Phù Nam), which included Laos, Cambodia, parts of eastern Thailand, and southern Vietnam (Vietnamese:Nam Bộ). This region was later conquered by the kingdom ofChenla (Vietnamese:Chân Lạp) and theKhmer Empire. In 1757, the land belonging to Cà Mau province (Khmer:ទឹកខ្មៅ, "the black land") was ceded by the Khmer king to theNguyễn lord ofĐàng Trong (central Vietnam) with an early settlement of Vietnamese people. During French rule, Cà Mau was only a small town. During theRepublic of Vietnam, the area nearby Cà Mau was a stronghold (Vietnamese:Chiến khu cách mạng) for theViệt Cộng, a Hanoi-backed guerrilla group fighting the United States Army and the South Vietnamese government during the Vietnam War. After 1975, Cà Mau was made the administrative seat and the governmental center ofMinh Hải province, which included Cà Mau andBạc Liêu province. In 1995, Cà Mau province broke off from Minh Hải province with Cà Mau as its capital. In 1999, the prime minister by a decree recognised Cà Mau as a borough (Vietnamese:Thị xã) – Cà Mau Borough (3rd class urban area as per Vietnamese law).[3] In 2010, the Prime Minister further upgraded City of Cà Mau to a 2nd class urban area.[5]
Cà Mau has atropical monsoon climate with a lengthy wet season and a relatively brief dry season. The wet season lasts from April to December, and the greatest rainfall occurs in August with 366 millimetres or 14.4 inches. The dry season lasts from January to March, the driest month being February with an average of 12 millimetres or 0.5 inches. Temperatures are high year round, but rise noticeably before the arrival of the monsoons in April.
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