| Byari | |
|---|---|
| Beary | |
| ಬ್ಯಾರಿ | |
| Pronunciation | IPA:[bjaːɾi] |
| Native to | India |
| Region | SouthKarnataka, NorthKerala |
| Ethnicity | Byari |
Native speakers | 1,500,000 |
Early forms | |
| Kannada script,Malayalam script,Byari script[1] | |
| Official status | |
| Regulated by | Karnataka Beary Sahitya Academy |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| This article containsIPA phonetic symbols. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead ofUnicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. | |
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 A Byari speaker speaking Byari |
Byari orBeary (ಬ್ಯಾರಿIPA:[bjaːɾi]) is a Dravidian language spoken by the Byaris who are part of theMuslim community inTulu Nadu region of CoastalKarnataka and NorthernKerala (Dakshina Kannada,Udupi, andKasargod districts). The community is often recognized asBeary or Byari Muslims.[2][3][page needed] Beary language is made of Tulu phonology and grammar with Malayalam idioms. Due to the trading role of the community, the language acquired loan words from other languages of Persian and Arabic sources.[3][need quotation to verify]
SeeBeary#Etymology.
The language generally uses theMalayalam andKannada alphabets for writing. Being surrounded by otherlinguistic groups for centuries, mainly Tulu, the language exhibits ancient features as well as modern innovations not seen in Malayalam or other well-known Malayalam dialects.[4] Surrounded by Tulu-speaking populations, the impact of Tulu on the phonological, morphological and syntactic structure of the language is evident.[5]
Sounds peculiar to Standard Malayalam such as 'ḻ', 'ṇ', 'ṟ' are not found in this language.[6] 'ḷ' and 'ṇ' are merged with l and n, respectively.[6] 'ṟ' is merged with r and tt, 'tt' to t.[7] This resembles Tulu.[7]
| Byari | Kannada | Standard Malayalam | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| sante | sante | chantha | 'market' |
| ēni | ēṇi | ēṇi | 'ladder' |
| puli | huḷi | puḷi | 'tamarind' |
| kāt | gāḷi | kāṯṯu | 'wind' |
| cor | anna | cor | 'rice' |
The initialv of standard Malayalam corresponds to an initialb in Byari.[7]The same change has taken place in Tulu, too.
| Byari | Standard Malayalam | Tulu | Kannada | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| bēli | vēli | bēli | bēli | 'fence' |
| bitt | vittu | bitte | bitta1 | 'seed' |
| bādige | vāṭaka2 | bādai | bādege | 'rent' |
The final 'a' of standard Malayalam corresponds to the final 'e' in Byari.[7]
| Byari | Kannada | Standard Malayalam | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| āme | āme | āma | 'tortoise' |
| cēre | kere | cēra | 'rat snake' |
| mūle | mūle | mūla | corner |
The word final 'n' and 'm' of standard Malayalam are dropped in Byari.[7]
| Byari | Standard Malayalam | Kannada | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ādya | ādyam | (modalu) | 'first' |
| kalla | kaḷḷan | kaḷḷa | 'thief' |
| cattae | kuppāyam(catta) | (batte) | 'cloth' |
Geminated consonants occurring after a long vowel and also after a second short vowel of a word in standard Malayalam get degeminated in Byari.[8]
| Byari | Standard Malayalam | Tulu | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| pūce | pūcca | pucce | 'cat' |
Almost all lexical items in Byari language can be related to corresponding lexical items in other Malayalam varieties, Tulu or Perso-Arabic origin.[9]However, some equivalents can only be found inMappila dialects of Malayalam in Kerala.[9]
Verbs in oldDravidian languages did not have any person marking.[10] Person endings of verbs observed in modern Dravidian languages are later innovations.[10]Malayalam is the only Dravidian language that does not show any verbal person suffixes,[10] so Malayalam verbs can be said to represent the original stage of Dravidian verbs (though Old Malayalam did have verbal person suffixes at some point).[10] Person suffixes in Byari closely resemble those of Tulu,[10] although the past tense in this language agrees with that of standard Malayalam in shape as well as in the distribution of allomorphs.[10]
Byari is strongly influenced by the Arabic language.[11] Nativised Arabic words are very common in everyday speech, especially in coastal areas. Byari also has words related toTamil andMalayalam. Tamil and Malayalam Speakers can understand Byari up to an extent of 75%.
| Byari | Arabic | English |
|---|---|---|
| saan | ṣaḥn صحن | Plate |
| pinjhana | finjān فنجان | Bowl/cup |
| kayeen | nikāḥ نكاح | Nuptials |
| Seithaan | Šayṭān شيطان | Evil spirit |
| patthre | faṭīra فطيرة | Bread |
| Kalbu | qalb قلب | Heart |
| Rabbu | rabb رب | God |
| Supra | sufra سفرة | Dining Mat |
| Kubboosu | ḵubz خبز | Bread |
The first Byari-language feature filmByari shared the award for the best feature film at the59th Indian National Film Awards.[12]