By-elections to the 42nd Canadian Parliament

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By-elections to the 42nd Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in theHouse of Commons of Canada between the2015 and the2019 federal elections. The42nd Canadian Parliament existed from 2015 to 2019 with the membership of its House of Commons having been determined by the results of theCanadian federal election held on October 19, 2015. TheLiberal Party of Canada had amajority government during thisParliament.

A by-election was held on October 24, 2016, following the death ofJim Hillyer (Conservative,Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner) on March 23, 2016.^[1]

Five by-elections were held on April 3, 2017: One following the death ofMauril Bélanger (Liberal,Ottawa—Vanier) on August 16, 2016.^[2] A second was held due to the former prime ministerStephen Harper's (Conservative,Calgary Heritage) resignation from parliament on August 26,^[3] A third was held due to the resignation ofJason Kenney (Conservative,Calgary Midnapore), on September 23,^[4] to enter provincial politics and pursue theleadership of theAlberta PCs.^[5][6] Two others were called forMarkham—Thornhill andSaint-Laurent, respectively following the appointments ofJohn McCallum andStéphane Dion (both Liberal) as Ambassadors toChina andGermany, respectively.^[7][8] They officially resigned their seats in the House of Commons on January 31, 2017.^[9][10]

Two further by-elections were held on October 23, 2017, inSturgeon River—Parkland andLac-Saint-Jean, following the resignations of former interim Conservative leaderRona Ambrose on July 4, 2017, and former Conservative deputy leaderDenis Lebel on August 9.^[11][12][13]

Four by-elections were held on December 11, 2017,^[14] due to the death on September 14, 2017, ofArnold Chan (Liberal,Scarborough—Agincourt),^[15] the resignations effective September 30, of former cabinet ministerJudy Foote (Liberal,Bonavista—Burin—Trinity),^[16] andDianne Watts (Conservative,South Surrey—White Rock) to enter provincial politics and pursue theleadership of theBritish Columbia Liberal Party,^[17] and inBattlefords—Lloydminster due to the resignation of Conservative MPGerry Ritz on October 2.^[18]

One by-election was held on June 18, 2018 following the resignation ofDenis Lemieux (Liberal,Chicoutimi—Le Fjord)^[19] on December 1, 2017.^[20][21]

One by-election was held on December 3, 2018 following the death ofGord Brown (Conservative,Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes) on May 2, 2018.^[22]

Three additional by-elections were held on February 25, 2019 due to the announcement by former New Democratic Party leaderTom Mulcair of his resignation of the seat ofOutremont on August 3, 2018 to accept an academic position,^[23][24] the announcement by NDP MPKennedy Stewart of his resignation of the seat ofBurnaby South on September 17 to run forMayor of Vancouver,^[25][26] and the announcement by Conservative MPPeter Van Loan of his resignation of the seat ofYork—Simcoe on September 30, 2018.^[27][28]

A further vacancy occurred due to the resignation on January 2, 2019, ofSheila Malcolmson (NDP,Nanaimo—Ladysmith) to enter provincial politics.^[29] However, the government announced that no federal by-election would be called in the riding before the provincial by-election held on January 30, 2019, in order to avoid an "overlap".^[30]

Thewrit for a by-election must bedropped no sooner than 11 days and no later than 180 days after theChief Electoral Officer is officially notified of a vacancy via a warrant issued by theSpeaker. Under the Canada Elections Act, the minimum length of a campaign is 36 days between dropping the writ and election day.^[31]

Due to the passage of Bill C-76 which made an amendment^[32] to theParliament of Canada Act that took effect January 19, 2019^[33] no writ for the election of a member of the House shall be issued if the vacancy occurs less than nine months before the date fixed under theCanada Elections Act for the next general election. As a result, the cut-off date for a vacancy to cause a by-election for the 42nd Parliament was January 21, 2019. Any vacancies that occurred after that date were not filled until the next federal election on October 21, 2019.^[34][35]

Nicola Di Iorio (Liberal,Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel) resigned on January 29, 2019,^{[35][36][37][38][39]} eight days after the deadline for a vacancy to occur and cause a by-election.Raj Grewal (Brampton East) had announced on November 23, 2018 that he intended to resign his seat due to a gambling addiction but later announced, on November 30, that he was resigning from the Liberal caucus but would keep his seat as an Independent for the time being.^[40] On January 25, 2019, he announced that he would keep his seat in parliament until thenext federal election in October.^[41]

A by-election was held on October 24, 2016,^[1] in the riding ofMedicine Hat—Cardston—Warner, which had been vacant since March 23, 2016, whenConservative Party of Canada MPJim Hillyer died in his office following aheart attack.^[42] The riding has been held by centre-right parties sinceBert Hargrave defeatedLiberal incumbentBud Olson, himself a formerSocial Credit MP, in1972.^[1] This was the first by-election in the 108-year history of the Medicine Hat constituency. TheSpeaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on March 24, 2016.

RetiredMedicine Hat Police inspectorGlen Motz^[1] defeated businessman Brian Benoit, formerCardston-Taber-Warner andCalgary-Glenmore MLAPaul Hinman, lawyer Michael W. Jones, and party workerJoseph Schow for theConservative nomination, which was held in late June.^[43]Cypress-Medicine Hat MLADrew Barnes, formerMedicine Hat MLABlake Pedersen, and Dan Hein, Hillyer's closest competitor for the nomination in2015, all declined to run for the Conservative nomination despite speculation to the contrary.^[44]

Well-knownMedicine Hat businessman Stan Sakamoto was theLiberal candidate.^[1]

TheLibertarian Party of Canada nominated Sheldon Johnston as its candidate.^[45] The Libertarians and theRhinoceros Party nominated candidates for the first time in Medicine Hat.

A by-election was held on April 3, 2017,^[2] in the riding ofOttawa—Vanier, which had been vacant since the death ofMauril Bélanger on August 16, 2016, fromamyotrophic lateral sclerosis (also known as Lou Gehrig's disease). The riding was one of themost solidly Liberal in the country, having elected Liberals both federally and provincially in every election since its creation in1935.^[47] The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on August 23, 2016.

After several prominent potential candidates, including Bélanger's widow Catherine Bélanger,Ottawa councillorsTobi Nussbaum andTim Tierney, and2014 council candidate Catherine Fortin LeFaivre^[48][49] declined to run, eight candidates sought theLiberal nomination:Senate staffer Khatera Akbari, lawyer Jean Claude Dubuisson, communications consultantMona Fortier, Liberal staffer Eric Khaiat, formerCape Breton Highlands—Canso MPFrancis LeBlanc, public servant Ainsley Malhotra, former executive director ofThe Humanitarian Coalition Nicolas Moyer, andUnique FM executive director Véronique Soucy. Up to 6,500 party members were eligible to vote in the nomination contest. Mona Fortier won the nomination on February 5, 2017.^[50][51]

Unsuccessful2015 candidate Emilie Taman, aUniversity of Ottawa law professor and daughter of formerSupreme Court JusticeLouise Arbour, ran again for theNDP.^[48]

Parliament Hill staffer Adrian Papara defeated former New Brunswick MLAJoel Bernard for theConservative Party nomination, decided on February 16.^[52]

Educator and community activist Nira Dookeran was theGreen candidate.^[53]

The riding ofCalgary Heritage became vacant when formerPrime Minister of CanadaStephen Harper resigned his seat on August 26, 2016, to return to private life, including accepting directorships on corporate boards and establishing a consultancy firm.^[3] The electoral district was created for the2015 federal election and has had Harper as its only MP; however, it is largely composed of the former riding ofCalgary Southwest which was held by conservative parties throughout its existence.

Bob Benzen, a small business owner and member of the Calgary HeritageConservative Association^[56] defeated Rick Billington, a lawyer and the former president of the Calgary Heritage Conservative Association, and city prosecutor Paul Frank for theConservative nomination, which was decided on October 23.^[57] FormerCalgary Centre MPJoan Crockatt, party insider Alan Hallman, formerMedicine Hat MPMonte Solberg, andDan Williams, a former staffer toCalgary Midnapore MPJason Kenney, all declined to run for the nomination despite speculation to the contrary.^[3]Ric McIver, leader of theProgressive Conservative Association of Alberta and MLA forCalgary-Hays, stated that he would not run.^[3]

Rumoured candidates for theLiberal nomination included physician Brendan Miles, the2015 candidate in this riding, Chima Nkemdirim, the chief of staff toCalgary MayorNaheed Nenshi, and former Conservative MPLee Richardson.^[3] On February 8, 2017, the Liberal nomination was won by physician Scott Forsyth,^[58] defeating Steven Turner and Kanwar Gill.^[59][60]

Khalis Ahmed won the uncontestedNDP nomination.^[61]

Taryn Knorren defeated Brennan Wauters for theGreen Party of Canada nomination.^[62]

TheLibertarian candidate was Darcy Gerow.^[60]

Businesswoman and formerDragons' Den starArlene Dickinson was considered a potential candidate until she declined interest on January 22. Dickinson stated she had supported parts of both Conservative and Liberal platforms in the past, but considers herself non-partisan.^[63]

The by-election was announced on February 22, 2017. The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on August 29, 2016. The last day a by-election could have been announced was February 25, 2017, with an election held at least 36 days after being announced.^[64]

The riding ofCalgary Midnapore was vacated by Conservative MPJason Kenney who resigned his seat effective September 23, 2016,^[4] to seek theleadership of theProgressive Conservative Association of Alberta.^[5][6] The electoral district was created for the2015 federal election and has had Kenney as its only MP, however predecessor ridings from which Calgary Midnapore was created had, since the1993 federal election, successively electedReform,Canadian Alliance andConservative MPs.

Former diplomatStephanie Kusie^[66] defeated entrepreneur Myles McDougall^[67] and local federalriding association president Jack Redekop^[68] for theConservative nomination, held on January 14, 2017.^[66]

Haley Brown was acclaimed as theLiberal candidate on January 22.^[69]

Holly Heffernan was acclaimed as theNDP candidate on February 6.^[70]

Ryan Zedic was acclaimed as theGreen Party of Canada candidate on December 8, 2016.^[71]

The by-election, held on April 3, 2017, was announced on February 22, 2017. The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on September 23, 2016. The last day a by-election could have been announced was March 22, 2017, with an election held at least 36 days afterwards.^[64]

The riding ofMarkham—Thornhill was vacated on February 1, 2017,^[8][9] following the appointment of Liberal MP andMinister of Immigration, Refugees and CitizenshipJohn McCallum asAmbassador to China.^[7] The electoral district was created for the2015 federal election and has had McCallum as its only MP, however McCallum had represented predecessor ridings from which Markham—Thornhill was created since the2000 federal election.

Justin Trudeau's director of appointments and former seniorQueen's Park stafferMary Ng,^[72] defeated small business owner Nadeem Quereshi^[67] and technology entrepreneur Afraj Gill^[67] for theLiberal nomination on March 4, 2017.^[73] Ontario cabinet minister andMarkham—Unionville MPPMichael Chan, 2015Markham—Unionville Liberal candidate Bang-Gu Jiang,^[74] businesswoman Sofia Sun,^[74] and former city councillor Khalid Usman were rumoured to be possible candidates but all of them ultimately endorsed Ng.^[72][74] Other speculated candidates for the Liberal nomination who did not run includedMarkham Regional councillor Jack Heath andMarkham MayorFrank Scarpitti.^[75]

Liberal nomination contestant and school trustee Juanita Nathan initially ran for her party's nomination but withdrew in protest of the Liberal Party's handling of the nomination process.^[76][77]

Radio host and newspaper columnist Gavan Paranchothy defeatedCIBC economist Theodore Antony,^[67] former seniorQueen's Park staffer Lara Coombs,^[67] formerDon Valley East MPJoe Daniel,^[67] and parental rights advocate John Himanen^[67] for theConservative Party nomination on March 8.^[78] Paranchothy previously ran for the party in2011 inScarborough Southwest.

Small business owner Gregory Hines defeated insurance broker Marco Coletta for theNDP nomination.^[67] Hines previously ran for the party inMarkham—Stouffville in2015.

Independent candidate Above Znoneofthe is a resident ofOshawa, formerly named Sheldon Bergson, who legally changed his name in 2015 so that he could register as a "none of the above" protest candidate in the2015 federal election;^[79] although he did not complete the process in time to register for that election, he first ran in the provincialWhitby—Oshawa by-election of 2016. He has since registered as a candidate in several other provincial and federal by-elections.^[80]

The by-election, held on April 3, 2017, was announced on February 22, 2017. The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on February 6, 2017; under theParliament of Canada Act the writ for the by-election had to be issued no earlier than February 17, 2017, and no later than August 5, 2017. The election date must be set to be a Monday at least 36 days after the writ is issued.^[81]

The riding ofSaint-Laurent was vacated on February 6, 2017,^[8][10] following the appointment of Liberal MP and formerMinister of Foreign AffairsStéphane Dion asCanada's Ambassador to the European Union andGermany.^[8] The riding (previously called Saint-Laurent—Cartierville) has been represented by Dion since1996, and has been held by the Liberals since its creation in1988.^[47]

Candidates for theLiberal nomination included formerNelligan MNA and provincial cabinet ministerYolande James, and tax law professorMarwah Rizqy, the2015 Liberal candidate inHochelaga.Saint-Laurent Borough Mayor andMontreal City CouncillorAlan DeSousa intended to run for the nomination but was rejected by the party's nomination committee.^[82][83] In what was seen as a surprising result, both James and Rizqy were defeated for the Liberal nomination by local educatorEmmanuella Lambropoulos.

Jimmy Yu, aConservative Party national councillor, was named the Conservative candidate on March 8.^[84] Yu previously ran for the party in the same riding in 2015. Conservative leadership candidate and venture capitalist Rick Peterson had expressed interest in running for the nomination, but declined on March 7.^[85]

Mathieu Auclair was named theNew Democratic Party's candidate.^[67]

William Fayad was named theBloc Québécois candidate.^[67]

Deputy Leader Daniel Green was named theGreen Party candidate.^[86]

The by-election, held on April 3, 2017, was announced on February 22, 2017. The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on February 8, 2017; under theParliament of Canada Act the writ for the by-election had to be issued no earlier than February 19, 2017, and no later than August 7, 2017. The election date must be set to be a Monday at least 36 days after the writ is issued.^[87]

The riding ofSturgeon River—Parkland was vacated on July 4, 2017, due to the resignation ofRona Ambrose whose term as interimConservative Party of Canada leader ended with theelection of her successor on May 27, 2017.^[88] Ambrose announced her decision to resign to the Conservative Party caucus on May 12, 2017, and her decision was made public on May 15.^[88] Thesuburban Edmonton riding was created for the2015 federal election and has had Ambrose as its sole MP. It was created predominantly out of the former electoral district ofEdmonton—Spruce Grove – for which Ambrose was the MP since its inception at the2004 federal election – as well asWestlock—St. Paul which was held only by Conservatives from its creation in 2004 until it was abolished in 2015, as well as a small portion from theYellowhead constituency which has been Conservative since 2003, and was previously held successively by theProgressive Conservatives,Reform Party andCanadian Alliance.

Former parliamentary stafferDane Lloyd^[89][90] defeated businessman and former2017 Conservative leadership contestant Rick Peterson,^[91] Ambrose constituency staffer Luke Inberg^[92] and formerPrime Minister's Office staffer Jamie Mozeson^[93] for theConservative nomination. A rumoured candidate for the nomination was Garry Keller, who served as Ambrose's chief of staff.^[94] On August 25, Keller declared he would not run for the nomination.^[95] The nomination to choose a Conservative candidate was held over two days, September 23 and 24.^[96]

University of Alberta professor Brian Gold was acclaimed theLiberal Party candidate.^[97] Gold previously ran for the party in2015 inEdmonton Griesbach.

Medical laboratory technologist Shawna Gawreluck was selected as theNDP candidate.^[97]

Educator Ernest Chauvet defeated businessman Kevin Schulthies for theChristian Heritage Party nomination on September 14.^[98]

The warrant issued by the Speaker regarding the vacancy was received by the Chief Electoral Officer on July 4, 2017; under theParliament of Canada Act thewrit for a by-election had to bedropped no sooner than August 21, 2017, and no later than December 31, 2017 (11 and 180 days, respectively, from the warrant receipt date).^[64] On September 17, 2017, the writ was dropped for a by-election held on October 23, 2017.^[13]

The riding ofLac-Saint-Jean was vacated on August 9, 2017, due to the resignation of former Conservative cabinet minister and deputy leader of the Conservative Party,Denis Lebel.^[12] Lebel announced his decision to resign on June 19, 2017, saying that his resignation would take effect prior to the beginning of the fall session of parliament. He had been an MP for 10 years, representing Lac-Saint-Jean since its creation in 2015 and the former riding ofRoberval—Lac-Saint-Jean from 2007 until 2015.^[12] What is now Lac-Saint-Jean was previously represented by theBloc Québécois from 1993 to 2007 and, provincially, three of the area's five seats are held by theParti Québécois, while theNew Democratic Party was the runner-up in the riding in the past two elections.^[12]

FormerRoberval city councillor Rémy Leclerc was acclaimed as theConservative candidate on September 5.^[99]Saguenay MayorJean Tremblay was speculated to be a candidate for the Conservative nomination, but did not run as the nomination took place before his term as mayor was completed in November 2017.^[100]

Psychologist Gisèle Dallaire, theNDP's candidate in this riding in the 2015 election, was acclaimed as her party's candidate on September 25.^[101][102]

Dolbeau-Mistassini MayorRichard Hébert defeated formerMashteuiatsh vice-chief Marjolaine Étienne for theLiberal nomination on September 7.^[103][104]Desbiens Mayor Nicolas Martel toyed with seeking the Liberal nomination, but ended up declining.^[105]

Union official Marc Maltais was named theBloc Québécois candidate on September 26.^[106] Bloc leaderMartine Ouellet, who does not have a seat in the House of Commons, ruled out standing as a candidate in the by-election as she is not from theSaguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region.^[107]

Pianist Yves Laporte was named theGreen Party candidate on September 28.^[108]

The warrant issued by the Speaker regarding the vacancy was received by the Chief Electoral Officer on August 9, 2017; under theParliament of Canada Act thewrit for a by-election had to bedropped no sooner than August 20, 2017, and no later than February 5, 2018 (11 and 180 days, respectively, from the warrant receipt date).^[109] On September 17, 2017, the writ was dropped for a by-election held on October 23, 2017.^[13]

Writs were dropped on November 5, 2017, for four by-elections that were subsequently held on December 11, 2017:^[14]

A by-election was held inScarborough—Agincourt as a result of the death of Liberal MPArnold Chan fromnasopharyngeal cancer on September 14, 2017.^[15] Chan was first elected in a 2014 by-election and was re-elected in the 2015 general election with 51.9% of the vote. The riding of Scarborough—Agincourt has been held by the Liberals since it was first created for the1988 federal election withJim Karygiannis serving as its MP until his retirement in 2014.

Jean Yip, Chan's widow, defeated^[110] Gordon Lam^[67] for theLiberal nomination on November 12.^[111][112] Ward 39 (Scarborough Agincourt – North) city councillor and former Scarborough—Agincourt MPJim Karygiannis declined to run for the nomination, but threw his support to Yip.^[112]

Investment banker Dasong Zou^[67] defeated^[113] the riding'sConservative candidate in the2008 federal election, physician Benson Lau^[114] for the Conservative nomination.York Region District School Board Trustee Allan Tam as well as former teacher and immigration officer Sarah Chung^[115] were both rejected by the party. Tam did not apply before the deadline and Chung was disqualified on two different occasions.^[116]

Scarborough-born federalNDP leader and formerGTA MPPJagmeet Singh, who does not have a seat in theHouse of Commons, ruled out standing as a candidate in the by-election.^[117] On November 19, reporter Brian Chang was acclaimed the NDP candidate.^[118]

Rumoured candidates for the Liberal nomination who ultimately did not run includedLiberalScarborough Centre MPPBrad Duguid,^[119]Toronto City Council staffer Nick Mantas,Ontario Progressive Conservative staffer Hratch Aynedijan, Ward 36 (Scarborough Southwest – South) city councillor and former provincial Progressive Conservative candidateGary Crawford, and LiberalScarborough—Agincourt MPPSoo Wong.^[112]

The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on September 19, 2017; under theParliament of Canada Act thewrit for a by-election had to bedropped no later than March 18, 2018, 180 days after theChief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by theSpeaker.^[64]

The riding ofBonavista—Burin—Trinity was vacated effective September 30, 2017, following the resignation ofJudy Foote,Minister of Public Services and Procurement, from cabinet on August 24, 2017, and her resignation from parliament due to an illness in her family on September 30.^[16]

Centreville-Wareham-Trinity Mayor and former president of the Federation of Municipalities in Newfoundland and LabradorChurence Rogers^[120] defeated^[121] comedian Pete Soucy,^[122][123] provincial and federal Liberal party organizer Larry Guinchard,^[124]RCMP officer Dale Foote,^[125] and North Harbour farmer, former search and rescue coordinator, and2008 Conservative Party candidate inSt. John's South—Mount Pearl Merv Wiseman^[126][127] for theLiberal nomination.

Teacher andguidance counselor Mike Windsor was named theConservative candidate.^[113] Windsor previously ran for the party in2015 in the riding.

Tyler James Downey was named theNDP candidate.^[128]

Rumoured candidates for the Liberal nomination who ultimately did not run included formerProgressive Conservative MHADarin King^[129] and currentLiberal MHAsSteve Crocker,^[130]Carol Anne Haley, andDale Kirby.^[129] On September 22, 2017, MHAMark Browne announced he would not be seeking the nomination.^[130] Lawyer Stacy MacDonald initially sought the Liberal nomination^[131] but withdrew on September 28.^[132]

In the2015 federal election, Foote won the newly created riding with 81% of the vote, the highest percentage of vote taken by a candidate nationally in that election.^[133]

The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on October 3, 2017; under theParliament of Canada Act thewrit for a by-election had to bedropped no later than April 1, 2018, 180 days after theChief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by theSpeaker.^[64]

The riding ofSouth Surrey—White Rock was vacated on September 30, 2017, after Conservative MPDianne Watts announced on September 24, 2017, that she would be resigning her seat to enter provincial politics and seek theleadership of theBritish Columbia Liberal Party.^[17]

Former federal cabinet minister andDelta—Richmond East MPKerry-Lynne Findlay^[134] defeated^[113]Fraser Institute policy analyst and formerBC Liberal staffer David Hunt^[135] and police officer Bryan Tepper for theConservative Party nomination.

FormerWhite Rock Mayor andSurrey-White Rock MLAGordie Hogg was acclaimed^[136] as theLiberal Party candidate. A rumoured candidate for the nomination was Judith Higginbotham, a formerSurrey city councillor and the riding's Liberal candidate in the2015 federal election.^[137]

Mortgage broker Jonathan Silveira was acclaimed theNDP candidate on November 19.^[138]

The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on October 3, 2017; under theParliament of Canada Act thewrit for a by-election had to bedropped no later than April 1, 2018, 180 days after theChief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by theSpeaker.^[64]

On August 30, 2017, it was reported thatBattlefords—Lloydminster MPGerry Ritz had asked not to be included in the reshuffled Conservativeshadow cabinet. Ritz confirmed the next day that he would resign from parliament.^[18] The seat was vacated on October 2, 2017.

Ritz had been Battlefords—Lloydminster's only Member of Parliament, holding the riding since its creation for the 1997 election, first as aReform Party of Canada MP, then on behalf of theCanadian Alliance and since 2003 as a Conservative. He served asAgriculture Minister inStephen Harper's cabinet from 2007 to 2015.

Former parliamentary stafferRosemarie Falk defeated^[139]Langham Mayor John Hildebrand, small business owner Aron Klassen,KindersleyCAO Bernie Morton, and farmer Richard Nelson to win theConservative nomination.^[140]Meadow Lake MLA and formerDesnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River MPJeremy Harrison was rumoured to be a candidate for the Conservative nomination,^[141] but did not make his intentions known before the cut-off date to join the race.^[140]

Rodeo cowboy and rancher Ken Finlayson's bid for the Conservative nomination^[140] was rejected by the party over concern that he was not a "team player".^[142] Finlayson ran as an independent.^[143]

ProfessionalMMA fighter and athlete Matt Fedler was named theNDP candidate.^[144]

Contractor and formerRM of Mervin councillor Larry Ingram was acclaimed as theLiberal Party candidate.^[145] Ingram previously ran for the party in Battlefords—Lloydminster in2015.

The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on October 3, 2017; under theParliament of Canada Act thewrit for a by-election had to bedropped no later than April 1, 2018, 180 days after theChief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by theSpeaker.^[64]

A by-election was held inChicoutimi—Le Fjord following the announcement by Liberal MPDenis Lemieux on November 6, 2017, that he would be resigning his seat for family reasons;^[19] his resignation took effect on December 1, 2017.^[20] Lemieux was first elected in the2015 federal election with 31.1% of the vote, narrowly defeating NDP incumbentDany Morin.

PortSaguenay board member Lina Boivin, who was endorsed by Lemieux,^[146][147] defeated formerSaint-Charles de Bourget mayor Michel Ringuette^[148] for theLiberal nomination,^[149][150] held in May 2018. A rumoured candidate for the Liberal nomination was formerParalympic athlete and head of university sport atUQAC,Philippe Gagnon.^[151] Former municipal councillor and formerQuebec LiberalMNA candidate Joan Simard, local businessman Simon-Pierre Murdock, who later endorsed Boivin, andChicoutimi-Nord Municipal Councillor Marc Pettersen declined to run for the nomination.^{[151][152][153]} "Promotion Saguenay" Director of Industrial Development and Corporate Affairs Claude Bouchard had his candidacy rejected by the federal Liberal party.^[149][151]

Éric Dubois, a union advisor at theCSN and former federalNDP candidate, was acclaimed as the NDP candidate on January 22, 2018.^[154] Dany Morin and former Ontario MPP and federal NDP leaderJagmeet Singh both expressed interest in running for the nomination but decided against it.^{[155][156][157]}

Catherine Bouchard-Tremblay was acclaimed as the candidate for theBloc Québécois on May 18, 2018.^[158] FormerDubucPQ MNAJean-Marie Claveau^[159] and teacher Valérie Tremblay^[159] were rumoured to be interested in running for the Bloc Québécois nomination. Former Chicoutimi—Le Fjord BQ MPRobert Bouchard,Saguenay firefighter Mario Gagnon,^[160] andUQAC political science professor Michel Roche declined to run for the nomination.^[159]

Two-timeRon Lapointe Trophy winningQMJHL coachRichard Martel was named theConservative candidate on December 20, 2017.^[161]

Lynda Youde was acclaimed as the candidate for theGreen Party on May 22, 2018.^[162]

The short-lived « Groupe parlementaire québécois » / « Québec debout », formed by seven Members of Parliament after they left the Bloc Québécois, considered nominating a candidate^[150] but failed to do so.

The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on December 4, 2017; under theParliament of Canada Act thewrit for a by-election had to bedropped no later than June 2, 2018, 180 days after theChief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by theSpeaker.^[64] On May 13, 2018, the writ was dropped for a by-election for June 18, 2018.^[21]

The seat for the electoral district ofLeeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes has been vacant since May 2, 2018 when Conservative MPGord Brown died of aheart attack in hisParliament Hill office inOttawa.^[163]

Colin Brown, Brown's nephew, announced his candidacy for theConservative nomination and was quickly endorsed byDoug Ford.^[164] In addition,Edwardsburgh/Cardinal town councillor and federalriding association presidentMichael Barrett,^[165] government-relations specialist Stephanie Mitton,^[165] and Anne Johnston,^[166] a former aide toLeeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes MPPSteve Clark also ran for the Conservative nomination. FormerCanadian Senator and interimLeader of the Opposition in theOntario LegislatureBob Runciman was rumoured to be interested in seeking the Conservative nomination^[167] for the by-election but decided against it after his wife encountered some health issues.^[168] Barrett won the nomination at a local party convention at the Brockville Memorial Centre on August 11 in a contest that ran to a fourth ballot.^[169]

2015 Liberal candidate Mary Jean McFall – a lawyer, formerBrockville city councillor and immediate former Chief of Staff to Agriculture MinisterLawrence MacAulay – won theLiberal nomination for this by-election unopposed.^[170][171]

Michelle Taylor is theNDP candidate; Taylor ran for theOntario NDP inLeeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes in the2018 provincial election.^[171]

Lorraine Rekmans, theGreen candidate for this riding in2015, will again run for the party.^[22]

The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on May 3, 2018; under theParliament of Canada Act thewrit for a by-election had to bedropped no later than October 30, 2018, 180 days after theChief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by theSpeaker.^[64] On October 28, 2018, the writ was dropped for a by-election for December 3, 2018.^[22]

NDP MPKennedy Stewart announced at a press conference at Vancouver'sHarbour Centre on May 10, 2018, that he would be resigning his seat ofBurnaby South during parliament's summer recess to run as anindependent candidate forMayor of Vancouver in the 2018 municipal election (since the incumbent mayor,Gregor Robertson, was not seeking another term).^[25][26] On August 2, Stewart publicly released his letter to the Speaker of House,Geoff Regan, confirming his resignation, effective September 14, 2018.^[26] At the May 10 press conference, Stewart expressed support for formerOntario MPP and federalNDP leaderJagmeet Singh to replace him.^[172] Singh confirmed his candidacy on August 8.^[173]

2015Liberal candidate Adam Pankratz, a commercial banker with a localcredit union, stated that he was undecided, but ultimately decided against running again.^[174]

Biotechnology scientist Cyrus Eduljee and multiple daycare centre owner and operator Karen Wang both sought the Liberal nomination. On December 29, 2018, Wang won the Liberal Party nomination.^[175] Wang resigned as the Liberal candidate on January 16, 2019 after it was reported that she had posted racist comments on the Chinese-language social media platformWeChat encouraging voters to vote for her as the "only Chinese candidate" while singling out Singh as being of "Indian descent."^[176] FormerBurnaby North MLARichard Lee was named by the Liberals as their candidate on January 19.^[177]

Corporate lawyer Jay Shin is theConservative candidate.^[178]

On August 16, theGreen Party announced that they would not run a candidate in the by-election as a courtesy to Singh.^[179]

ThePeople's Party announcedLaura-Lynn Tyler Thompson as their candidate.^[180]

Rex Brocki was announced as the candidate of theLibertarian Party,^[181] but he did not register.

Valentine Wu has announced his intention of running as an independent candidate.^[182][183]

The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on September 17, 2018; under theParliament of Canada Act thewrit for a by-election had to bedropped no later than March 18, 2019, 180 days after theChief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by theSpeaker.^[64] The by-election was called on January 9, 2019 to be held on February 25, 2019.^[184]

NDP MPSheila Malcolmson, first elected in2015, resigned her seat ofNanaimo—Ladysmith, effective January 2, 2019, to enter provincial politics as a by-election candidate for theBritish Columbia New Democratic Party in the riding ofNanaimo following the resignation of MLALeonard Krog.^[29]

The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on January 7, 2019; under theParliament of Canada Act thewrit for a by-election has to bedropped no later than July 6, 2019, 180 days after theChief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by theSpeaker.^[64][186] On March 24, 2019 the Prime Minister announced the by-election for May 6, 2019.^[187]

TheNew Democratic Party candidate was selected at a nomination meeting on March 30, 2019. Candidates for the nomination wereKwikwasutʼinuxw Haxwaʼmis First Nation chief andUnion of British Columbia Indian Chiefs vice-president Bob Chamberlin, consultant Maeve O'Byrne, activist Lauren Semple, and outreach worker Fred Statham.^[188][189] Bob Chamberlin won the nomination.^[190]

TheLiberal Party announced Michelle Corfield as their candidate on March 16, 2019.^[191]

John Hirst won theConservative nomination on November 17, 2018. Hirst defeated Jennifer Clarke, who subsequently won the nomination for thePeople's Party of Canada.^[192][193]

Paul Manly was acclaimed as the candidate of theGreen Party in January 2019.^[194] Manly was the Green candidate in this riding in the2015 election, winning almost 20% of the vote in one of the party's best performances nationally.

TheNational Citizens Alliance ran Jakob Letkemann in the by-election.^{[citation needed]}

TheProgressive Canadian Party ran Brian Marlatt in the by-election.^[195]

Under an amendment^[32] to theParliament of Canada Act which came into force on January 19, 2019,^[33] no writ for the election of a member of the House shall be issued if the vacancy occurs less than nine months before the date fixed under theCanada Elections Act for the holding of a general election.^[196] This amendment means that any seats becoming vacant after January 21, 2019, would remain vacant until thegeneral election of October 21, 2019.

Nicola Di Iorio, Liberal MP forSaint-Léonard—Saint-Michel, announced his plan to leave politics for unspecified family reasons on April 25, 2018.^[38] His stated intent was to resign during the summer of 2018, but he rescinded his resignation after the Liberal Party denied his request to personally appoint the party's candidate for the ensuing by-election. After facing criticism for his absence from parliament, he again announced his intention to resign, this time effective January 22, 2019.^[37] However, Di Iorio missed the deadline he set for himself and did not submit his resignation for another week, on January 29.^[36][197] As Di Iorio's resignation became effective after the deadline, no by-election was held in this riding.^[35]

Liberal MPScott Brison resigned from cabinet in January 2019 and as MP forKings—Hants effective February 10, 2019. As Brison's resignation became effective after the deadline, no by-election was held in this riding.

Conservative MPMark Warawa (Langley—Aldergrove) died of cancer on June 20, 2019.^[198] As Warawa's death occurred after the deadline for by-elections to be held, no by-election was held in this riding.

Conservative MPDeepak Obhrai (Calgary Forest Lawn) died of liver cancer on August 2, 2019.^[199] As Obhrai's death occurred after the deadline for by-elections to be held, no by-election was held in this riding.

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