| |||
| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name Butanenitrile[3] | |||
| Other names | |||
| Identifiers | |||
| |||
3D model (JSmol) | |||
| 1361452 | |||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChemSpider |
| ||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.365 | ||
| EC Number |
| ||
| MeSH | N-butyronitrile | ||
| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |||
| UN number | 2411 | ||
| |||
| |||
| Properties | |||
| C4H7N | |||
| Molar mass | 69.107 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colorless | ||
| Odor | Sharp and suffocating[2] | ||
| Density | 794 mg mL−1 | ||
| Melting point | −111.90 °C; −169.42 °F; 161.25 K | ||
| Boiling point | 117.6 °C; 243.6 °F; 390.7 K | ||
| 0.033 g/100 mL | |||
| Solubility | soluble inbenzene miscible inalcohol,ether,dimethylformamide | ||
| Vapor pressure | 3.1 kPa | ||
Henry's law constant (kH) | 190 μmol Pa−1 kg−1 | ||
| −49.4·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
Refractive index (nD) | 1.38385 | ||
| 3.5 | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
| 134.2 J K−1 mol−1 | |||
Std enthalpy of formation(ΔfH⦵298) | −6.8 – −4.8 kJ mol−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of combustion(ΔcH⦵298) | −2.579 MJ mol−1 | ||
| Hazards | |||
| GHS labelling: | |||
  | |||
| Danger | |||
| H225,H301,H311,H331 | |||
| P210,P261,P280,P301+P310,P311 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | 18 °C (64 °F; 291 K) | ||
| 488 °C (910 °F; 761 K) | |||
| Explosive limits | 1.65%–?[2] | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose) | 50 mg kg−1(oral, rat) | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) | none[2] | ||
REL (Recommended) | TWA 8 ppm (22 mg/m3)[2] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) | N.D.[2] | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related alkanenitriles | |||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
Butyronitrile orbutanenitrile orpropyl cyanide, is anitrile with the formula C3H7CN. This colorless liquid is miscible with most polar organic solvents.
Butyronitrile is mainly used as a precursor to the poultry drugamprolium.[4]
It also has recognized use in the synthesis ofEtifelmine.
Butyronitrile is prepared industrially by theammoxidation ofn-butanol:
Butyronitrile has been detected in theLarge Molecule Heimat in Sagittarius B2 cloud along with other complex organic molecules.[5]
