Burslem
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| Federated town anddistrict | |
      
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  Burslem Location withinStaffordshire | |
| Population | 6,940 (2021 Census)[1] |
| Demonym | Boslomite |
| OS grid reference | SJ875495 |
| Unitary authority | |
| Ceremonial county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Districts of the town | |
| Post town | STOKE-ON-TRENT |
| Postcode district | ST6 |
| Dialling code | 01782 |
| Police | Staffordshire |
| Fire | Staffordshire |
| Ambulance | West Midlands |
| UK Parliament | |
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Burslem (/ˈbɜːrzləm/BURZ-ləm) is one of the six towns that along withHanley,Tunstall,Fenton,Longton andStoke-upon-Trent form part of the city ofStoke-on-Trent inStaffordshire, England. It is often referred to as the "mother town" of Stoke on Trent.[2][3] The population of the town was included under the Burslem Central ward and had a population of 6,490 in the 2021 Census.
Burslem is on the eastern ridge of the Fowlea Valley, the Fowlea being one of the main early tributaries of theRiver Trent. Burslem embraces the areas ofMiddleport, Dalehall, Longport, Westport, Trubshaw Cross, and Brownhills. TheTrent & Mersey Canal cuts through, to the west and south of the town centre. A little further west, theWest Coast Main Line railway and theA500 road run in parallel, forming a distinct boundary between Burslem and the abutting town ofNewcastle-under-Lyme. To the south is Grange Park and Festival Park, reclaimed by theStoke-on-Trent Garden Festival.
TheDomesday Book shows Burslem (listed asBacardeslim) as a small farming hamlet, strategically sited above aford atLongport, part of the majorpack horse track out of thePeak District andStaffordshire Moorlands to theLiverpool/London road. The name refers to the Old English personal nameBurgweard and the formerForest of Lyme (reflected in the nearby town ofNewcastle-under-Lyme).[4] As far back as the late 12th century, a thrivingpottery industry existed, based on the fine and abundant localclays. After theBlack Death, Burslem emerges in the records as amedieval town –St John the Baptist's Church on Cross Hill, with a stone tower dating from 1536, was extended in the 18th century, and is still standing and in use. Until the mid-1760s Burslem was relatively cut off from the rest of England: it had nonavigable river nearby, and there were no good and reliable roads.
By 1777 theTrent and Mersey Canal was nearing completion, and the roads had markedly improved. The town boomed on the back of fine pottery production andcanals, and became known as The Mother Town of the six towns that make up the city.Hill Top Methodist Church and Sunday School opened on Westport Road in 1836. Therailway station opened in 1848. TheBurslem School of Art was founded in 1853. Anew town hall was built in the market place in 1854, designed by G. T. Robinson of Leamington in elaborate baroque style. In 1906, theUnited Reformed Church was opened on Moorland Road, initially named the Woodall Memorial Congregational Church, in memory ofWilliam Woodall MP.
In 1910, the town wasfederated into the county borough of Stoke-on-Trent, and the borough was grantedcity status in 1925. Thenew town hall was built in 1911 on Wedgwood Place, in neo-classical style, designed by Russell and Cooper.
On 1 April 1922 the parish was abolished and merged with Stoke on Trent.[5] At the 1921 census (the last before the abolition of the parish), Burslem had a population of 42,442.[6]
Many of the novels ofArnold Bennett evokeVictorian Burslem, with its many potteries, mines, and working canal barges. The Burslem of the 1930s to the 1980s is evoked by the paintings and plays ofArthur Berry.
Burslem contains Britain's last real workingindustrial district (i.e. where people live within walking distance of the factories of a single heavy industry, in this case, the potteries) and thus much of the nineteenth-century industrial heritage, buildings and character have survived intact.
"Burslem, an ancient town, with a market held for a long period by custom, and subsequently sanctioned by an act of parliament, is about three miles from Newcastle and two from Hanley, entitled to the precedence of other towns in this district, as claiming to be the mother, as it is the metropolis, of theStaffordshire Potteries."
— 1828 journal
"In the Doomsday Survey – for even in that early date Burslem was a place of some importance – the town appears, as "Burwardeslyn;" and frequent mention is made of it in ancient documents during the Middle Ages."
— 1893 journal
At the 1991 census count, the population of Burslem was 21,400. A study by consultants Atkins, working from theUnited Kingdom Census 2001 data, showed that the Burslem population is steady and has not declined despite a manufacturing decline during the 1980s and '90s.
TraditionalVictorian architecture andEdwardian period terraced houses dominate the town. New housing developments are underway on the Sadlers Factory site and around Woodbank Street.
Heavy industrial employment (mines, steel and pots) has left a legacy of ill-health among many older people, but there is the Haywood Hospital (High Lane, Burslem) and the new £300-millionUniversity Hospital of North Staffordshire is just three miles away by road.
There were two electoral wards covering Burslem at the 2011 census, Burslem Central and Burslem Park.
At the 2011 census the ethnic demographics of the Burslem Central ward were:[7]
| White British and White Other | 83.5% |
| Asian / Asian British | 9.0% |
| Mixed / multiple ethnic groups | 2.7% |
| Black / African / Caribbean / Black British | 2.3% |
| Other ethnic group | 1.0% |
At the 2011 census the ethnic demographics of the Burslem Park ward were:[8]
| White British and White Other | 90.3% |
| Asian / Asian British | 5.50% |
| Mixed / multiple ethnic groups | 1.92% |
| Black / African / Caribbean / Black British | 1.38% |
| Other ethnic group | 0.8% |
Industrial scale pottery production has drastically declined since the 1970s; but specialist makers (Steelite) and smaller producers of high-value ceramics (Burleigh,Wade,Moorcroft) are thriving. Burslem is emerging as a centre for small, freelance creative businesses working in sectors such as fine art, animation and crafts as well as pottery.
The number of shops in the town centre have markedly declined, hit by the impact of nearby out-of-townretail parks that offer free parking. However, the evening economy is still active with a wide range of bars and restaurants mainly serving English and Indian food.
TheMarket Hall, a Grade II listed building dating from 1879, lying between the market place andQueen Street, was in use until 2003, closing after its condition was judged unsafe.[9]
At Spring 2002 unemployment was 4.1% or 1,526 people in the Stoke-on-Trent North constituency; almost the same rate as theWest Midlands as a whole. In Burslem at 2001 unemployment was 3.2% and declining.
In 2005, the building ofbusiness park units in the town. Further business parks are planned for 2006/7 just to the north in Chatterley Valley, and the south in Etruria Valley.
In 2019 it was reported that the town's last bank had closed, leaving the town without any free to usecash machines, making it the first large town in the UK without one.[10]
Local television services is provided byBBC Midlands Today andITV News Central.
Local radio stations areBBC Radio Stoke,Hits Radio Staffordshire & Cheshire,Greatest Hits Radio Staffordshire & Cheshire,6 Towns Radio andHitMix Radio, a community based radio station.[11]
In 2007 asocial enterprise newspaper,Local Edition, become one of the first newspapers to cover the area regularly. The newspaper covered Burslem, as well as surrounding areas including Tunstall, Middleport and Cobridge, giving a voice to the people in the community. The newspaper ceased publication in 2008 and its archive is online.
The Leopard public house, also known as the Leopard Inn, dates to the late 18th century. The building was refronted about 1830[12] and expanded in the 1870s with the addition of more than 50 bedrooms in the rear.[13][14] In 1765 it was the location of the first meeting betweenJosiah Wedgwood,Thomas Bentley,Erasmus Darwin andJames Brindley to discuss the building of what became theTrent and Mersey Canal; as The Tiger, it appears in several ofArnold Bennett's "Five Towns" novels.[14][15] It was a coaching inn and after the rear extension, a major commercial hotel, but reduced demand for rooms led to the extension being closed off in 1956.[13][14] The rediscovery of this section of the building in 2007 led to tales of hauntings and ghost tours.[13][16]
Bass Breweries bought The Leopard in 1965 and renovated the restaurant, which they named the Arnold Bennett Suite.[13][14] The building wasGrade II listed on 18 April 1972.[12] In the 21st century it became a live music venue and was extensively renovated, but it did not reopen after theCOVID lockdown.[13][16] In January 2021 it was sold to a development company who proposed redeveloping the rear into luxury apartments while retaining the pub; in February 2021Stoke-on-Trent City Council declared it an Asset of Community Value.[13][16] The following January, an illegalcannabis grow was discovered inside the vacant building,[17] and it was then badly damaged in a suspectedarson fire.[13][15][18] The city council announced the formation of a Heritage Congress to protect historic properties in Stoke-on-Trent.[19] In June 2024, the owners submitted a proposal to convert the building to a shop and 17 one-bedroomassisted living flats.[20] It was reported in March 2025 that this proposal had been withdrawn, and an amended application would be submitted in the summer.[21] Re-Form Heritage, the owner ofMiddleport Pottery, was reported in April 2025 to be carrying out a viability study into restoring the building and exploring options for its future use. The study is funded byHistoric England and theArchitectural Heritage Fund, and would be completed in the summer of 2025.[22]
Around 5 million tourists visit Stoke-on-Trent each year, supporting around 4,400 direct jobs. Stoke shows its popularity through the number of repeat visits; around 80 per cent of visitors have previously been here. Burslem has a variety of strong tourist attractions; Burleigh, Moorcroft, Festival Park, its manypubs, and the Trent & Mersey Canal. TheOld Town Hall is one of the largest buildings in Burslem.
It also has the legacy of novelistArnold Bennett, who refers to the town and many of its streets with thinly disguised names: e.g. Burslem/"Bursley", Swan (Square and Pub)/"Duck". It is the setting for one of his most famous works, theClayhanger trilogy. Burslem's centre benefits from having an almost-intact medieval street-plan and countless fine old buildings, and a townscape which almost-totally escaped re-development during the 1960s and 1970s.
After being under-used for years, theBurslem School of Art has been refurbished at a cost of £2.1m and offers several large free art galleries. The free Public Library is currently based in the School of Art, after theVenetian GothicWedgwood Institute closed for safety reasons early in 2009.Ceramica was a new award-winning ceramics family attraction, based in the imposing old Town Hall and funded byMillennium Lottery money but due to the loss of council funding has been closed. TheQueen's Theatre has regular concerts and an annual pantomime.
There is a traditional Friday street market, and streetcarnivals in May and December.
The majorfootball clubPort Vale is based in Burslem atVale Park. The team currently plays in League one, England's third division.
Near to the town is Burslem Golf Club, a 9-hole course which once had singerRobbie Williams as a Junior Captain. It was opened on 28 September 1907 by vaudeville entertainer and golferSir Harry Lauder. On 29 September 2007 his great-nephew Gregory Lauder-Frost as guest-of-honour rededicated it for another century in a formal ceremony.[23]
Professional darts playerPhil Taylor is from Burslem.
Burslem is the site of one of the two campuses ofStoke-on-Trent College; the College states that it is the largestFurther Education college in Stoke and North Staffordshire.[24] The campus specialises in media-production and drama. Stoke Studio College, a studio school for 13- to 19-year-olds opened at the college campus in September 2013.
Within a six-mile radius from Burslem there are three universities;Staffordshire at Shelton,Keele University, andManchester Metropolitan's large Art & Design campus atAlsager.
The town is elevated and is not prone to flooding.
The town'smunicipal park, designed by the landscape architectThomas Hayton Mawson, was opened in 1894. It is protected by a Grade II* designation on theRegister of Parks and Gardens. It was laid out on derelict land next to thePotteries Loop Line. Mawson also used reclaimed land as the site ofHanley Park, which he designed around the same time. Both parks include water features.[25]
There are also later examples of reclaimed green space near Burslem, such as theWestport Lake, a 1970s project, and the legacy of the1986 National Garden Festival, which imaginatively reclaimed part of the site of theShelton Bar steelworks.
ThePeak District National Park begins just ten miles north-east of Burslem.
The cemetery, to the east of Sneyd Hill Park, was laid out in 1879 as a combined burial ground and recreational park.[26] It covers 11.4 acres, and comprised walks, rides, lodges and a chapel, situated at the centre.[27] The chapel was demolished by the council in 2008 on the basis of lack of use and the costs of maintenance and repair.[28] The ashes of the novelistArnold Bennett were interred in his family tomb in the cemetery, following his death in 1931.[28] The cemetery contains theCommonwealth war graves of 130 service personnel of both World Wars.[29]
The nearbyA500 gives access to theM6 motorway.Longport railway station offers direct connections south into Stoke, east toDerby andNottingham, and north toCrewe andManchester. The town is straddled by two major off-road cycle paths, part of theNational Cycle Network.
The Trent and Mersey canal is said to see over 10,000narrowboats a year using it. The formerBurslem Canal was constructed in 1805 and remained open until 1961 when it was breached. The Burslem Canal was a branch of the Trent and Mersey Canal running from the junction near to Newport Lane (opposite the old steel works) through to the Furlong Lane area of Middleport.
The nearest international airports areManchester andBirmingham; each is about 60 minutes away by train.
Burslem railway station which was opened by theNorth Staffordshire Railway opened on 1 November 1873 on thePotteries Loop Line. It closed in the 1960s and the site and trackbed are now a greenway.
Burslem's most famous sons include the potterJosiah Wedgwood, the watercolour painterJames Holland (1800–1870), Ian "Lemmy" Kilmister, the founder, bassist and lead singer ofMotörhead, andRobbie Williams, who was a major shareholder inPort Vale and whose family are still resident in the area.Darts legend and 16-time world championPhil Taylor was born, raised and also worked in the town.
In the 17th century,Molly Leigh was resident of the town, she was accused of being awitch before her death in 1748. PainterJames Astbury Hammersley also came from Burslem.
William Frederick Horry owned the George Hotel in the 1860s before murdering his wife Jane at his father's house inBoston, Lincolnshire. Despite pleas for clemency he was hanged atLincoln Castle on 1 April 1872 and his body interred with other executed felons in the interior of the Castle's Lucy Tower, where it can still be seen.
William Clowes, one of the founders ofPrimitive Methodism, was born in Burslem as wasJohn Bennett the potter.Sarah Benett (1850–1924), theSuffragette, member of theWSPU and social reformer lived in Burslem from 1894.
William Boulton's Providence Works and Foundry was based in Burslem, which designed and made the machinery that revolutionised the pottery industry in the second half of the 19th century.
George Formby's first sound film,Boots! Boots!, got its world premiere in Burslem in 1934.[30][31]
The1952 film adaptation of Arnold Bennett'sThe Card was partly filmed on location in the town. Bennett’s classic 1908 novel,The Old Wives’ Tale, was set in a fictionalized version of Burslem, there referred to as Bursley.
Robbie Williams included the song "Burslem Normals"' on his albumRudebox, released in 2006. A short film,Goodbye to the Normals was also made.
A song "Waterloo Road" performed byJason Crest was written (by Mike Deighan and Mike Wilsh) about the Waterloo Road in Burslem. The song became very popular and even reached no. 1 in France when the French singerJoe Dassincovered it under the title "Les Champs Élysées".
The guitaristSlash, lead guitarist ofGuns N' Roses, was also an inhabitant of Stoke-on-Trent in his early years.
Boots! Boots! George Formby Burslem -wiki.
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