Burmese Braille Karen Braille
Script type	Alphabet
Print basis	Burmese alphabet
Languages	Burmese,Karen
Related scripts
Parent systems	Braille English Braille? Burmese Braille

Burmese Braille is thebraille alphabet of languages of Burma written in theBurmese script, includingBurmese andKaren. Letters that may not seem at first glance to correspond to international norms are more recognizable when traditional romanization is considered. For example,သs is rendered⠹th, which is how it was romanized when Burmese Braille was developed (and is how it often still is romanized); similarlyစc andဇj as⠎s and⠵z.

The first braille alphabet for Burmese was developed by FatherWilliam Henry Jackson ca. 1918.^[1] There was no provision for the voiced aspirate series of consonants (gh, jh, dh, bh), nor for the retroflex (tt etc.), and Jackson provided distinct letters for complex onsets such asky, hm and for various syllable rimes (ok, ein, aung, etc.), with no regard to how they are written in the print Burmese alphabet. These aspects have all been changed, as have several of the letters for the values which were retained. However, some of the old letters, unusual by international standards, remain, such as⠌ forငng and⠪ forီ i.

The letters in print Burmese transcribe consonants and, in syllable-initial position, vowels. The consonants each have a corresponding letter in braille, but the initial (stand-alone) vowels in print are in braille all written⠰ plus the letter for the appropriate diacritic (see next section). The consonantny has two forms in print which are distinct in braille as well.^[2][3]

Braille
Print	က	ခ	ဂ	ဃ	င	စ	ဆ	ဇ	ဈ	ည
Roman	k	kh	g	gh	ng	c	ch	j	jh	ny
Braille
Print	ဋ	ဌ	ဍ	ဎ	ဏ	တ	ထ	ဒ	ဓ	န
Roman	tt	tth	dd	ddh	nn	t	th	d	dh	n
Braille
Print	ပ	ဖ	ဗ	ဘ	မ	ယ	ရ	လ	ဝ	သ
Roman	p	ph	b	bh	m	y	r	l1	w	s
Braille
Print	ဟ	ဠ	အ	(initial vowel)						ဉ
Roman	h	l	'							-ny-

The stacking of consonants (conjuncts) in print is indicated with⠤ in braille. That is, Burmese Braille has twoviramas, one corresponding to printvirama (see next section), and one corresponding to stacking. For example,ကမ္ဘာkambha "world" is written⠅⠍⠤⠃⠁.^{[dubious –discuss][4]}

The diacritics in print, which transcribe both vowels and consonants, are rendered as follows inKaren Braille.^[3]

Braille
Print	ာ	ါ	ိ	ီ	ု	ူ	ေ	ဲ	?	ံ	င်္
Roman	-a[5]		-i.	-i	-u.	-u	-e	-ai:	[6]	-m	-ing

Braille
Print	ျ	ြ	်	ွ	ှ	့	◌း	(initial vowel)
Roman	-y-	-r-	(virama)	-w-	h-	-.[7]	-:[8]

⠰ is used to mark syllable- or word-initial vowels, which have distinct letters in the Burmese print alphabet. For example,

Burmese numerals are represented as follows:^[2]

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0
Braille
Print	၁	၂	၃	၄	၅	၆	၇	၈	၉	၀

The following punctuation is specific to Burmese. (SeeBurmese alphabet#Punctuation for an explanation.) Western punctuation presumably uses Western braille conventions.

Braille					?	?
Print	၍	၏	၌	၎င်း	၊	။
Roman	(..and..)	.	@	(ditto)	,	.

• French-ordered braille alphabets
• Burmese language

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• Articles with disputed statements from November 2013