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 A traditionalbuk drum on its side | |
| Percussion instrument | |
|---|---|
| Classification | Drum |
| Sound sample | |
| Buk | |
| Hangul | 북 |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization | buk |
| McCune–Reischauer | puk |
Thebuk (Korean: 북) is a traditionalKoreandrum. While the termbuk is a native Korean word used as a generic term meaning "drum" (theSino-Korean word beinggo), it is most often used to refer to a shallowbarrel-shaped drum, with a round wooden body that is covered on both ends with animal skin.[citation needed] Buk are categorized ashyeokbu (혁부,革部) which are instruments made with leather, and has been used forjeongak (Korean court music) and folk music.[1]
The buk used for court music are usually fixed with nails on the rims, while ones used for folk music are usually tied up with leather straps to form the shape. Performers in the court music usually beat theirbuk withbukchae (북채, adrum stick) on one hand or two hands together, while drummers in the folk music commonly beat theirbuk with it on their right hand as hitting the other side of the buk with their bare left hand.[3] A while ago, evenjong (종, bell) was referred to as "soebuk" (쇠북, metal drum) and included in thebuk category.[1]
Buk have been used forKorean music since the period of theThree Kingdoms of Korea (57 BC – 668 AD) in light of mural paintings inAnak Tomb ofGoguryeo (37 BC – 668 AD) and records ofBook of Sui on the kingdoms,Goguryeo andBaekje (18 BC – 660 AD). In the 3rd of Anak Tomb, two types of buk are depicted in the paintings titledJuakdo (주악도,奏樂圖, "painting of playing music") andHaengryeoldo (행렬도,行列圖, "painting of marching") such asipgo (입고,立鼓) anddamgo (담고,擔鼓) respectively. Theipgo is a buk that performers beat as standing, while thedamgo is abuk that drummers strike as carrying it on their shoulder.[3]
During theUnified Silla period (668–935),daego (대고,大鼓) orkeunbuk, meaning "a big drum", was used along with a percussion instrument namedbak (박,拍) in a music played bySamhyeon samjuk (삼현삼죽, 三絃三竹) which comprises samhyeon, three string instruments such asgeomungo,gayageum, andhyangbipa andsamjuk such asdaegeum,junggeumandsogeum.[4] In theGoryeo period (918–1392), asdangak andaak were introduced to Korea fromChina, a lot ofbuk such asjanggu,gyobanggo,jingo began to be used for the court music.[3]
In the Joseon period, scores ofbuk were used for the royal court music includingjanggu, jwago, yonggo, gyobanggo, jingo, jeolgo, nogo and others. Among themjanggu was also used for folk music, and later became the most commonly used instrument.[3]
While there are twenty types ofbuk used in the present Korean traditional music, most commonly used buk arejwago to performSamhyeon yukgak (삼현육각, 三絃六角),yonggo for marching music,gyobango forbukchum (북춤, drum dance),beopgo for Buddhist ritual ceremonies,sogo used byNamsadang, and street musicians,soribuk or calledgojangbuk forpansori,maegubuk (or callednongakbuk) used fornongak, andmotbanggo used by farmers as working.[3]
There are two forms of undecoratedbuk used in Korean folk music: thebuk used to accompany 'pansori, which has tacked heads, is called asori-buk (소리북), while thebuk used to accompanypungmul music, which has laced heads, is calledpungmul-buk (풍물북).photo Thesori-buk is played with both an open left hand and a stick made ofbirch that is held in the right hand, with the stick striking both the right drumhead and the wood of the drum's body. Thepungmul-buk is one of the four instruments used insamul nori, a modern performance version ofpungmul.[1] It is played by striking a single stick (usually with the right hand) on only one of its heads.
Due to its similarity in shape and construction, theyonggo (hangul: 용고; hanja:龍鼓; literally "dragon drum"), which is a barrel drum with tacked heads decorated with painted dragon designs and used in the military wind-and-percussion music calleddaechwita, is sometimes also classified as a form ofbuk. It is struck with two padded sticks.
A modern set ofbuk (usually four) is calledmodeum buk (모듬북).photo They are typically placed horizontally on wooden stands and played with sticks.photo
