Natural resources include deposits ofpeat,sand,clay,chalk,marl, and other building materials, as well asphosphorite. About a quarter of the total area of the oblast is covered by forests, mainlyconiferous, mixed, anddeciduous, as well as forest-steppe.[citation needed]
TheVenus of Eliseevichi is a piece ofPaleolithic art (dated to 14,000YBP) found in the region.[9] The Eliseevichi site is also associated with the earliest recognized dog remains, dating to 15,000 YBP.[10][11]
In the 9th to 11th centuries ADSlavic tribes lived along the banks of theDesna River and in the forests of the land between the Desna and theOka. The city of Bryansk was established in 985.[12]
After the annexation of the lands by theTsardom of Russia in 1654, all the left bank of theDnieper, including the south-western area of Bryansk, was divided into hundreds of administrative regiments. One of the largest wasStarodub. In 1781, these regiments merged into districts and several territories.
The 17th and 18th centuries saw a period of significant regional economic development. The industrial revolution began in the 18th century, particularly in the eastern part of Bryansk; due to its reserves of sand Bryansk saw the growth of the glass industry.
On April 1, 1920, Bryansk Oblast was established but on October 1, 1929 it was incorporated into theWestern Oblast. On September 27, 1937, theCentral Executive Committee of the Soviet Union decided to abolish the Western Krai, dividing it into Smolensk and Oryol Oblasts. The current territory of Bryansk Oblast became a part ofOryol Oblast.
In August–October 1941Axis troops took over the region. From the first days of occupation, the struggle against the invaders took on the character of a popular movement. In the Bryansk area about 60,000 guerrillas from the guerrilla units ofSydir Kovpak,Oleksiy Fedorov andAlexander Saburov operated. The fighting resulted in the destruction and burning of many towns and villages, affecting some 111,000 homes and many important industrial enterprises. After theRed Army liberated the area (August–September 1943), extensive restoration work commenced.
Bryansk in 2013
A decree of thePresidium of the Supreme Soviet of theUSSR established the modern Bryansk Oblast on July 5, 1944.[1] On 4 July 1997, Bryansk, alongsideChelyabinsk,Magadan,Saratov, andVologda, signed a power-sharing agreement with the government of Russia, granting it autonomy.[13] The power-sharing would be abolished on 9 August 2002.[14]
A large railway junction is located in the capital of Bryansk. Most rail lines in the oblast are electrified, using AC power.In connection with the border situation, Bryansk there are several major customs terminals.
The oblast is crossed by the M3 Moscow—Kiev highway and the M13 Bryansk-Novozybkov-Boundary Belarus—(Kobrin), and fourteen kilometers from the administrative center of the oblast is theBryansk International Airport.
The top exports of Bryansk Oblast in 2021 were railway and trams (15.6%), iron & steel (10.8%), wood (9.74%), and paper articles (9.32%). Nearly half of exports (46.3%) were to Belarus.[17]
During theSoviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: the First Secretary of the Bryansk CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the Chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, the CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the oblast administration, and eventually the governor, was appointed/elected alongside an electedregional parliament.
The Charter of Bryansk Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. TheBryansk Oblast Duma is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day-to-day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter under theConstitution of Russia.
26,825 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[25]
According to a 2012 survey[26] 49.5% of the population of Bryansk Oblast adheres to theRussian Orthodox Church, 4.7% areunaffiliatedChristians, 0.8% are Orthodox Christian believers who don't belong to any church or are members of other (non-Russian)Orthodox churches, and 0.7% are adherents ofRodnovery (Slavic folk religion). In addition, 36% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 5.4% isatheist, and 2.6% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[26]
There are seventeen museums in Bryansk Oblast.[12] The main cities have many major architectural and archeological monuments. In Bryansk is the Svenski monastery, Chashin mound (the birthplace of Bryansk), the ancient Kremlin of Bryansk on Pokrovskaya Mountain, Peter and Paul monastery etc.[12] Main churches include the Voksresenskaya, Vvedenskaya, and Spaso-Grobovskaya, Pokrovskaya and Gorne-Nikolskaya.
Klintsy is the second-largest city of Bryansk oblast. It was one of theOld Believers' centers, now known for its textile industry and ancient temples.Trubchevsk is noted for its archeological and architectural monuments, in particular the Trinity Cathedral of the 13th-19th centuries with its tomb.[12] The museum contains some valuable items dated to the 6th-7th centuries.[12]
"'Church of the Ascension in the village of Veliky Bor'"
Ruins of the church in the village Veliky Bor of Gordeevsky district of Bryansk region built in 1809
The supplier on the hill of intermediaries is the compositional center of his development. Year of construction of the church (by order of Count Bezborodko) - 1809. By now, the side porticos and the top of the bell tower have been lost. An interesting example of a cross-shaped manor church in the style of mature classicism. Around the building were comparatively short sidearms, which were slightly protruding rectangular altars ending in a lowered semicircular apse.
The originality of the composition is given by a large light quadrangle towering over the center with a tetrahedral dome cover and a small dome on a cubic pedestal. A small refectory with one window on the side facades is adjoined by a preserved quadrangle of the bell tower. A profiled belt bypasses all facades of the building at the level of the apse cornice. Four Tuscan pilasters decorating the ends of the side arms correspond to the columns of the lost porticoes.
Between them, in the center, there are side entrances marked with triangular sandrids, and on the sides - rectangular windows. Above the openings, there are, respectively, an oval and two round niches. A large semicircular three-part Empire-type window is cut in the upper part of each quadrangle facet. The tier of the bell tower is decorated with large flat-arched niches in the center of the facets, rusticated corner parts to the waist, and round niches-medallions above it. In the interior, all the side parts are completely open into the high central one, forming a single space of the temple.
The central part is covered with a four-lane closed vault, the altar is covered with a conch, and the altar vima, the side arms, and the refectory are covered with cylindrical vaults. The lower tier of the bell tower with rounded inner corners has a corrugated vault along the north–south axis. On the sides of the trapezoidal passage to the refectory, there are small rooms with a staircase in the southern one. Only the plaster cornices at the base of the vaults and at the top of the main quadrangle, as well as pilasters between the windows on the north and south walls, have survived from the interior decoration.
The Flag of Bryansk Oblast represents a panel burgundy with a ratio of 1:1,5. In the center of the cloth is placed the coat of arms of the Bryansk region and includes a hammer and sickle up top. The coat of arms is a blue shield representing Slavic unity between the states of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine. In the upper part of the shield is a stylized golden spruce with a three-tiered crown representing the forests of Bryansk. The flag isburgundy in color, representing the color of the banners under which the army and guerrillas fought for the liberation of Bryansk.
Брянская областная Дума. №91-З 20 декабря 2012 г. «Устав Брянской области», в ред. Закона №25-З от 6 апреля 2015 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 45 Устава Брянской области». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после официального опубликования (1 января 2013 г.). Опубликован: Информационный бюллетень "Официальная Брянщина", №20, 21 декабря 2012 г. (Bryansk Oblast Duma. Law #91-Z of December 20, 2012Charter of Bryansk Oblast, as amended by the Law #25-Z of April 6, 2015On Amending Article 45 of the Charter of Bryansk Oblast. Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the official publication (January 1, 2013).).
Брянская областная Дума. Закон №47-З от 20 ноября 1998 г. «О символах Брянской области», в ред. Закона №5-З от 9 февраля 2009 г. «О внесении изменения в Закон Брянской области "О символах Брянской области"». Вступил в силу с момента официального опубликования (28 ноября 1998 г.). Опубликован: "Брянский рабочий", №303, 25 ноября 1998 г. (Bryansk Oblast Duma. Law #47-Z of November 20, 1998On the Symbols of Bryansk Oblast, as amended by the Law #5-Z of February 9, 2009On Amending the Law of Bryansk Oblast "On the Symbols of Bryansk Oblast". Effective as of the moment of official publication (November 28, 1998).).
Президиум Верховного Совета СССР. Указ от 5 июля 1944 г. «Об образовании Брянской области в составе РСФСР». (Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Decree of July 5, 1944On Establishing Bryansk Oblast Within the RSFSR. ).
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