According toProspect magazine, "Broligarchy appears in surfer language in the early 2000s “when a small group of bros run a break”—referring to locals controlling a surf spot."[7][8] The modern use of the termsbroligarch andbroligarchy can be traced to a Twitter post in 2009.[1][9] Broligarchy appeared onUrban Dictionary in 2011.[10] The terms gained wide adoption on social media during the2024 US presidential election and thesecond Trump presidency.[8] In a tweet onX in March 2024,Condé Nast editor Luke Zaleski calledElon Musk "the world's first broligarch".[11][12]
In the 2021 bookThe Tyranny of Big Tech,Republican Party politician and seniorUnited States Senate member ofMissouriJosh Hawley argued that major technology companies likeGoogle,Facebook,Amazon, andApple have become tech oligarchs with overwhelming economic and political power. He describes these companies as modern-dayrobber barons who are draining prosperity and power from the middle class and creating a new oligarchy.[25]Critics claimed that Hawley's book contained factual errors[26] and accused him of using the book as a launching pad for his own political career.[27]
Kotkin, Joel (2014).The new class conflict. Candor, NY: Telos Press Publishing.ISBN978-0-914386-28-5.
Foroohar, Rana (2019).Don't be evil: how big tech betrayed its founding principles - and all of us. New York: Currency.ISBN978-1-9848-2398-4.
Moisio, Sami; Rossi, Ugo (2024).The Urban Field. Capital and Governmentality in the Age of Techno-Monopoly. Newcastle Upon Tyne: Agenda.ISBN978-1-7882-1450-6.
Petit, Nicolas (2020).Big Tech and the Digital Economy: The Moligopoly Scenario. Oxford: Oxford University Press.ISBN978-0-19-883770-1.