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Broadcom Corporation

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Defunct American fabless semiconductor company
This article is about the company known as Broadcom from 1991 to 2016, prior to its acquisition by Avago Technologies. For all activity from 2016 forward, seeBroadcom.

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This article'slead sectionmay be too short to adequatelysummarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead toprovide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article.(August 2023)
Broadcom Corporation
Headquarters at UC Irvine's University Research Park
Company typeSubsidiary
Nasdaq: BRCM (1998–2016)
Industry
FoundedAugust 1991; 34 years ago (1991-08)
Founders
FateBecame a wholly owned subsidiary ofBroadcom Limited after being acquired by Avago Technologies
SuccessorItself (as a wholly owned subsidiary of Broadcom Inc.)
HeadquartersIrvine, California, United States
Key people
Products
ParentBroadcom Inc. (2016–present)
Websitebroadcom.com

Broadcom Corporation was an Americanfabless semiconductor company that made products for the wireless and broadband communication industry. It was acquired byAvago Technologies for $37 billion in 2016 and currently[update] operates as a wholly owned subsidiary of the merged entityBroadcom Inc.

Founded in 1991 by a professor-student pairHenry Samueli andHenry Nicholas from theUniversity of California, Los Angeles, the company moved from itsWestwood, Los Angeles, office toIrvine, California, in 1995. Broadcom became apublic company three years later with a listing on theNasdaq. The company was known for its aggressive acquisition strategy, which led to significant growth and market share.

History

[edit]

Founding and growth

[edit]
Broadcom facility in Cambridge UK, as seen in 2011

Broadcom Corporation was founded by professor-student pairHenry Samueli andHenry Nicholas fromUCLA in 1991. In 1995 the company moved from itsWestwood, Los Angeles, office to Irvine, California.[1] In 1998, Broadcom became apublic company on theNASDAQ exchange (ticker symbol: BRCM) and employs about 11,750 people worldwide in more than 15 countries.[when?]

Broadcom Corporation acquiredServerWorks Corporation, a maker ofchipsets forIA-32-based servers, in 2001 for $957 million. This acquisition was one in a string of purchases of companies by Broadcom in the beginning of the 2000s. Unlike the others, which were struggling start-ups, ServerWorks was revenue-generating and profitable.[2][3][4]

In 2012, Broadcom's total revenue was $8.01 billion. As of 2011, Broadcom was amongGartner's Top 10 Semiconductor Vendors by revenue.[5] Broadcom first landed on theFortune 500 in 2009,[6] and climbed to spot #327 in 2013.[7]

Battle with Qualcomm

[edit]

In June 2007, theU.S. International Trade Commission blocked the import of new cell phone models based on particular Qualcomm microchips. They had found that theseQualcomm microchips infringed on patents owned by Broadcom.[8] In January 2017, the FTC sued Qualcomm, who allegedly made use of unlawful tactics to maintain "a monopoly on cellular-communications chips."[9]

On April 26, 2009, Broadcom settled its four-year legal battle withQualcomm over wireless and other patents.[10] The deal also ended the complaints of anti-competitive behavior. As part of the settlement, Qualcomm paid $891 million in cash to Broadcom over a four-year period ending June 2013.[11]

Stock options backdating scandal

[edit]
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This sectionneeds attention from an expert in companies or computing. The specific problem is:the existence of redundant business/regulatory content in the section's closing paragraphs (see "In other words..."), which needs rationalizing into a coherent single presentation.WikiProject Companies orWikiProject Computing may be able to help recruit an expert.(December 2023)

In March 2006, a report by the Center for Financial Research and Analysis identified Broadcom as one of 17 companies "at risk" for havingback-dated stock options grants between 1997 and 2002.[12][13] On May 18, 2006, amid media reports about options practices, Broadcom said it had started an internal review of itsstock options grants.[14] On June 12, 2006, Broadcom announced it had received a "request for information" from theU.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and that it might soon be the subject of an informal inquiry.[12]

On July 14, 2006, Broadcom estimated it would have to subtract $750 million from earnings due to stock options irregularities. On September 8, 2006, the company announced the amount was at least $1.5 billion, "and could be substantially more."[13][14] On December 18, 2006, the SEC opened a formal investigation of Broadcom's options practices.[15][16] On January 24, 2007, Broadcom announced a restatement of its financial results from 1998 to 2005 to include a total of $2.24 billion-worth of expenses related to stock option-based compensation.[17] The grants remained the subject of the formal inquiry by the SEC, and an informal inquiry by federal prosecutors.[17]

In between March and May 2008, the SEC announced charges against Broadcom for fraudulently backdating stock options for nearly five years, from June 1998 to May 2003.[18] In its complaint, the SEC alleged that Broadcom's top officers at the time had misrepresented the dates on which stock options were granted to executives and employees. In describing the scheme, the SEC said: "Through backdating, Broadcom made it appear that the options were granted at times corresponding to low points of the closing price of Broadcom's stock — despite the fact that the purported grant date bore no relation to when the grant was actually approved. This resulted in artificially and fraudulently low exercise prices for those options."[18]

On May 15, 2008, Broadcom co-founder and CTO Henry Samueli resigned as chairman of the board, and took a leave of absence as Chief Technology Officer.[citation needed] On June 5, 2008, Broadcom co-founder and former CEOHenry Nicholas and former CFO William Ruehle were indicted on charges of illegalstock-option backdating. Nicholas was also indicted for violations of federal narcotics laws.[19] However, in December 2009, federal judgeCormac J. Carney threw out the options backdating charges against Nicholas and Ruehle because ofprosecutorial misconduct, after finding that federal prosecutors improperly tried to prevent three defense witnesses from testifying.[20][21]

In 2008, theU.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) charged executives of Broadcom with fraudulently backdating stock options. Through the scheme, company executives allegedly avoided reporting $2.22 billion in compensation expenses. The company also allegedly overstated its income by between 15% and 422%, and understated its loss by between 16% and 38%, according to the SEC.[22] A judge dismissed the charges against company executivesHenry Nicholas and Henry Samueli, citing witness intimidation on the part of prosecutors. The judge also dismissed charges against chief financial officer William Ruehle.[23] In the end, the company had to pay $160M to settle with the SEC.[24]

Acquired

[edit]

On May 28, 2015, chip makerAvago Technologies Ltd. agreed to buy Broadcom Corp. for $37 billion in cash and stock. At closing, which completed on February 1, 2016,[25] Broadcom shareholders held 32% of the new Singapore-based company to be called Broadcom Limited. Hock Tan, Avago President and CEO, was named CEO of the new combined company. Dr. Samueli became Chief Technology Officer and member of the combined company's board, and Dr. Nicholas serves in a strategic advisory role within the new company.[26][27]

The new merged entity was initially named Broadcom Limited but inherits the ticker symbol AVGO. The BRCM ticker symbol was retired.

Products

[edit]
Broadcom wireless badge as seen on an HP laptop in 2007

Broadcom's product line spanscomputer andtelecommunication networking products. Examples of such are products for enterprise/metropolitan high-speed networks, as well as products forsmall office/home office (SOHO) networks. Additionally, the company produces transceiver and processor ICs forEthernet and wirelessLANs,cable modems,digital subscriber lines, servers, home networking devices (router, switches, port-concentrators) andcellular phones (GSM/GPRS/EDGE/W-CDMA/LTE). It is also known for its series of high-speed encryption co-processors, which serve to offload processor-intensive tasks to a dedicated chip.

The company also has a history of producing ICs for carrier access equipment, audio/video processors for digitalset-top boxes anddigital video recorders,Bluetooth andWi-Fi transceivers, and RF receivers/tuners forsatellite TV. On September 19, 2011, Broadcom shut down its digital TV operations, along with its Blu-ray chip business.[28]

On June 2, 2014, Broadcom announced its intentions to exit the cellular baseband business.[29][30]

Trident+ ASIC

[edit]

Some vendors offer switching equipment based on Broadcom hardware and firmware (e.g.Dell PowerConnect classics) while other well-known vendors use Broadcom hardware with their own firmware. The Broadcom Trident+ASIC has been used in many high-speed10Gb+ switches from vendors such asCisco Nexus switches runningNX-OS,[31]DellForce10 (nowDell Networking) runningFTOS/DNOS,[32][33] allArista 7050-series switches,[34] theIBM/BNT 8264, and theJuniper QFX3500.

As of April 2014[update], the latest member of the Trident family is the Trident II XGS, which can support up to 32 x 40G ports or 104 x 10G ports, as well as a mix of both, on a single chip.[35][36] Examples of switches using the Trident II XGS chip are the Dell Networking S6000,[37] Cisco Nexus 9000,[38] and some smaller vendors like the EdgeCore AS6700, Penguin Arctica 3200XL, and QuantaMesh T5032.[39]

Graphics processing unit

[edit]

VideoCore is theGPU found on somesystems-on-a-chips by Broadcom, the most widely known one being the BCM2835, containing a VideoCore IV found in theRaspberry Pi.

Video acceleration

[edit]

TheBroadcom Crystal HD is capable of video acceleration.

WiFi chipsets

[edit]
WICED Sense, a device providing multiple physical sensors and Bluetooth connectivity

The Broadcom "BCM43" series of chips implements WiFi support for manyAndroid andiPhone devices. Models include the BCM4339 used in phones such as theNexus 5 (2013) and the BCM4361 used in theSamsung Galaxy S8 (2017). These are system-on-a-chip devices with aCortex R4 for processing theMAC andMLME layers and a proprietary Broadcom processor for the802.11 physical layer.[40] The chips are also capable of handlingWi-Fi Direct,Bluetooth, andNFC signals.[41]

  • Broadcom supplies the WiFi+Bluetooth combo chip for theiPhone 3GS and later generations, as well as their correspondingiPod Touch generations.
  • In 2005, Broadcom Corporation announced it would be providing Nintendo its “online solution on a chip”, as deployed inlaptops andPDAs, enabling802.11b connectivity with theDS and802.11g connectivity for theWii. More specifically, Broadcom would provideBluetooth connectivity forWii's controller.[42]
  • In 2013, Broadcom unveiled the first 802.11ac 5G Wifi SoCs, which is adopted across many mobile phones, including theSamsung Galaxy S4 andS5, theHTC One series, and theLG Nexus 5. Additionally, routers from Motorola, Netgear, Huawei, and Belkin also include Broadcom's 802.11ac chips.

BroadVoice

[edit]
For other uses, seeBroadVoice.

Broadcom authored its own VoIP codecs in 2002, and released them as open source with theLGPL license in 2009. Such codecs are:[43]

  • TheBroadVoice 16 with a declared bitrate of 16 kbit/s and an audio sampling frequency of 8 kHz
  • TheBroadVoice 32 with a declared bitrate of 32 kbit/s and an sampling rate of 16 kHz (note, however, that X-Lite SIP phone's menu declares the bitrate as 80,000 bit/s)

Linux products

[edit]
Broadcom STA wireless driver being installed on Ubuntu Linux, 2008

Some free and open source drivers are available and included in theLinux kernel source tree for the 802.11b/g/a/n family of wireless chips that Broadcom produces.[44] Since the release of the 2.6.26 kernel, some Broadcom chips have kernel support, but require external firmware to be built.

In 2003, theFree Software Foundation accused Broadcom of not complying with theGNU General Public License, as Broadcom distributed GPL code in a driver for its 802.11g router chipset without making its source code public. The chipset was later adopted byLinksys, which was later purchased byCisco. Cisco eventually published the source code for itsWRT54G wireless broadband router under the GPL license.[45][46]

In 2012, theLinux Foundation listed Broadcom as one of the top 10 companies contributing to the development of the Linux Kernel for 2011, placing it in the top 5 percent of an estimated 226 contributing companies. The foundation's Linux Kernel Development report also noted that, during the course of the year, Broadcom submitted 2,916 changes to the kernel.[47] That October, Broadcom released parts of theRaspberry Piuserland under aBSD-style license. According to the Raspberry Pi Foundation, this made it "the first ARM-based multimedia SoC with fully functional, vendor-provided (as opposed to partial,reverse-engineered) fullyopen-source drivers", although due to substantial binary firmware code, which must be executing in parallel with the operating system, and which executes independently and prior to loading of the operating system, this claim has not been universally accepted.[48][49]

Broadcom provided a Linux driver for theirBroadcom Crystal HD, in addition to hiring Emma Anholt – a former Intel employee – to work on afree and open-source graphics device driver for their VideoCore IV.[when?][citation needed]

Raspberry Pi

[edit]
Broadcom produces thesystem on a chip for the line of popularRaspberry Pi single-board computers.
Main article:Raspberry Pi

The charitableRaspberry Pi Foundation requested help from Broadcom for design and manufacture of the Raspberry Pi card, aDRM-free motherboard capable of interaction with external hardware.[citation needed] Broadcom Corporation organized the fabrication of the processor chip for the Raspberry Pi, with the last[clarification needed] before the company's acquisition in 2016 being the BCM2837 chip and the WiFi processor BCM43438, which was used by the Foundation.[citation needed]

Business

[edit]

Notable employees

[edit]
Broadcom Fellows from 1998 to 2011

Notable alumni

[edit]

Many Broadcom employees have gone on to take key positions in successful tech enterprises and starts ups, including:

Manufacturing

[edit]
Broadcom facility (center right) in Bangalore, India, as seen in 2010

Broadcom is known as afabless company. It outsources allsemiconductor manufacturing tofoundries, such asGlobalFoundries,Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation,Silterra,TSMC andUnited Microelectronics Corporation.

The company planned a custom-built headquarters campus just south of theOrange County Great Park inIrvine, California. It originally intended to occupy the entire campus, but after the Avago acquisition, it sold the site to FivePoint Holdings and then leased back only two of the four buildings. Broadcom was previously headquartered in the University Research Park on theUniversity of California, Irvine campus from 2007 on, and before that was headquartered near theIrvine Spectrum. The company has many other research and development sites includingSilicon Fen,Cambridge (UK),Bangalore andHyderabad in India,Richmond (near Vancouver) andMarkham (near Toronto) in Canada andSophia Antipolis in France.

Acquisitions

[edit]

Broadcom was known for its aggressive acquisition strategy that helped it achieve significant growth and market share, and with quickly entering new markets.[55][56][57][58]

In September 2011, Broadcom boughtNetLogic Microsystems for a deal of $3.7 billion in cash, excluding around $450 million of NetLogic employee shareholdings, which will transfer to Broadcom.[59]

DateAcquired companyAmountExpertise
January 1999Maverick Networks[60]$104M in StockMulti-layer switches for corporate networks
April 1999Epigram[61]$316M in stockHome networking using telephone wiring, WiFi
June 1999Armedia Inc.[62]$67.2M in stockDigital Video Decoders[63]
August 1999HotHaus Technologies[64]$280M in stockDSP software forVOIP
August 1999Altocom[65]$170M in stockSoftware modem software
January 2000BlueSteel Networks[66]$123M in stockSecurity processors
March 2000Digital Furnace Corp.[67]$136M in stockData compression software
March 2000Stellar Semiconductor[68]$162M in stock3D graphics processors
June 2000Pivotal Technologies[69]$242M in stockDigital video chips
July 2000Innovent Systems[70]$440M in stockBluetooth radios
August 2000Puyallup Integrated Circuit CompanyIC design and IC macro blocks
July 2000Altima Communications[71]$533M in stockNetworking chips
October 2000Newport Communications[72]$1,320M in stock10Gbit Ethernet transceivers
October 2000Silicon Spice[73]$1,250M in stockDSP chips forVOIP
November 2000Element 14[74]$641M in stockDSL chipsets
November 2000SiByte, Inc.$2,060M in stock[75][76]Fabless producer of 64-bit MIPS networking processor[77]
December 2000Allayer Communications[78]$276M in stockEnterprise and optical networking chips
January 2001VisionTech, Ltd.[79]$677M in stockMPEG-2 compression/decompression of PVRs
January 2001ServerWorks Corp.[80]$1,003M in stockI/O controllers for servers and workstations
July 2001PortaTec Corporation[81]Mobile devices
July 2001Kimalink[81]Wireless and mobile ICs
May 2002Mobilink Telecom, Inc.[57]$190M in stockBaseband processors for cellphones
March 2003Gadzoox[82]$5.8M in cashStorage-area networks
January 2004RAIDCore, Inc.[83]$16.5M in cashRAID software
April 2004M-Stream Inc.[84]$8.6M in cash and 27,000 shares of stockTechnology to improve wireless reception
April 2004Sand Video, Inc.[85]$77.5M in stock and $7.4M in cashVideo compression technology
April 2004WIDCOMM, Inc.[86]$49M in cashSoftware for Bluetooth systems
April 2004Zyray Wireless, Inc.[87]$98M in stockBaseband processors for WCDMA
September 2004Alphamosaic, Ltd.[88]$123M in stockVideo processors for mobile devices
February 2005Alliant Networks, Inc.Cellular gateway products
March 2005Zeevo, Inc.[89]$29.4M in cash and $2.6M in stockBluetooth headset products
July 2005Siliquent Technologies, Inc.[90]$76M in cash10Gbit Ethernet interface controllers
October 2005Athena Semiconductors, Inc.[91]$21.6M in cashDigital TV tuners and Wifi technology
January 2006Sandburst Corporation[92]$75M in cash and $5M in stockSOC chips for Ethernet packet switching
November 2006LVL7 Systems, Inc.[93]$62M in cashNetworking software
May 2007Octalica, Inc.[94]$31M in cashMultimedia Over Coax technology
June 2007Global Locate, Inc.[95]$146M in cashGPS chips and software
March 2008Sunext Design, Inc.[96]$48M in cashOptical disk drive technologies
August 2008AMD (DTV Processor Division)[97]$141.5M in cashXilleon DTV processor chips, software and TV tuners
December 2009Dune Networks[98]$178M in cashHigh speed network switches
February 2010Teknovus[99]$123M in cashEthernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) chipsets and software
June 2010Innovision Research & Technology plc[100]$47.5M in cashNear field communication expertise and IP
October 2010Beceem Communications[101]$316M in cash4G LTE/WiMax expertise
November 2010Gigle Networks[102]$75M in cashMultimedia home networking
April 2011Provigent Ltd.[103]$313M in cashMicrowave Backhaul
May 2011SC Square Ltd.[104]$41.9M in cashIsrael-based security software developer
September 2011NetLogic Microsystems[105]$3,700MNext-generation Internet networks
March 2012BroadLight[106]$195M in cashIsrael-based fiber access PON developer
June 2012Wisair$1M in cashShort-range Wireless data transmission
January 2013BroadLogicVideo encoders/decoders,[107] QAM modulation and wideband receivers.
September 2013Renesas Mobile Corporation[108]$164M in cashMobile chipset platforms (LTE-related assets)

Branding

[edit]

The Broadcom logo was designed by Eliot Hochberg, based on the logo for the company's previous name, Broadband Telecom. The Broadband Telecom logo was designed by co-founder Henry Nicholas' then wife, Stacey Nicholas, who was inspired by the mathematicalsinc function.[citation needed]

Philanthropy

[edit]

In 2009, the company founded the Broadcom Foundation as a non-profit corporation with a $50M investment, at the direction ofHenry Samueli, the company's co-founder, and then-Broadcom Chief ExecutiveScott A. McGregor, who cited a history of science fair involvement as a factor for his own success.[109][110] McGregor was named the foundation's first president and chairman.[110][111]

See also

[edit]
Portals:

References

[edit]
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  78. ^Alexander, Karen (October 18, 2000)."Broadcom to Acquire Allayer".Los Angeles Times.
  79. ^Williams, Molly (November 29, 2000)."Broadcom to Buy VisionTech For About $677 Million in Stock".The Wall Street Journal.
  80. ^Williams, Molly (November 29, 2000)."Broadcom to Buy ServerWorks For About $1.03 Billion in Stock".The Wall Street Journal.
  81. ^ab"Broadcom acquires two small firms". Orange County Business Journal. September 2, 2001.
  82. ^"Broadcom acquires Gadzoox assets".CNET. March 3, 2003.
  83. ^"Broadcom to acquire RAID software developer".EE Times. February 2, 2004.
  84. ^Levi, Ofer (June 28, 2004)."Broadcom buys M-Stream for $8.6m".Globes.
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  86. ^"Broadcom to Acquire Widcomm".The Wall Street Journal. April 20, 2004.
  87. ^"Broadcom to Acquire Zyray for $98 Million".Los Angeles Times. June 17, 2004.
  88. ^"Broadcom Acquires Alphamosaic".The Wall Street Journal. September 21, 2004.
  89. ^"Broadcom Enters Bluetooth Headsets with $32M Acquisition".Forbes. March 18, 2004.
  90. ^Clarke, Peter (July 19, 2004)."Broadcom agrees to pay $76 million to buy Siliquent".EE Times.
  91. ^Luna, Nancy (October 7, 2005)."Broadcom to buy Athena for $21.6 million".The Orange County Register.
  92. ^"Broadcom Makes $80M Triple-Play Acquisition".Electronic Design News. January 23, 2006.
  93. ^Lawson, Stephen (November 29, 2006)."Broadcom buys network-gear software maker".Computerworld.
  94. ^LaPedus, Mark (May 3, 2007)."Broadcom buys Octalica for $31 million".EE Times.
  95. ^"Broadcom to pay $146 million for Global Locate".EE Times. June 12, 2007.
  96. ^Leopold, George (March 3, 2008)."Broadcom buys optical storage specialist Sunext Design".EE Times.
  97. ^McGrath, Dylan (October 28, 2008)."Broadcom completes AMD DTV buy at reduced price".EE Times.
  98. ^"Broadcom buying Dune Networks for cloud switching".Network World. November 30, 2009.
  99. ^"Broadcom to acquire Teknovus".Broadcom.com. March 8, 2010.
  100. ^"Broadcom to enter NFC market, buys Innovision for $47.5m".Nearfieldcommunicationsworld.com. June 18, 2010.
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  102. ^"Broadcom Corporation to Acquire Gigle Networks Inc" (Press release). Irvine, California: Broadcom Corporation. November 22, 2010. RetrievedNovember 25, 2010.{{cite press release}}:|archive-url= is malformed: timestamp (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  103. ^Li, Shan (March 23, 2011)."Broadcom to broaden chip lineup with Provigent acquisition".Los Angeles Times.
  104. ^Nissan, Yossi (May 9, 2011)."Broadcom to buy security chip developer SC Square for $42m".Globes.
  105. ^Carew, Sinead (September 12, 2016)."Chipmaker Broadcom to buy NetLogic for $3.7 billion". Reuters.
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  109. ^"Broadcom's Henry Samueli: Don't Get Into Tech For The Money—It's Way Too Hard".readwrite.com. December 9, 2013. Archived from the original on December 10, 2013. RetrievedDecember 14, 2018.
  110. ^ab"Broadcom Creates $50M Foundation for Math, Science".ocbj.com. May 11, 2009. RetrievedDecember 13, 2018.(subscription required)
  111. ^"Broadcom Engineer, Helicopter Buff Visits Science Fair".ocbj.com. March 13, 2011. RetrievedDecember 14, 2018.(subscription required)

Further reading

[edit]
  • David P. Bianco,"Broadcom", in Jay P. Pederson (ed.),International Directory of Company Histories, Volume 34 (Farmington Hills, Michigan: St. James Press, 2000), pp. 76−79.

External links

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