Briz-KM

Models of Briz-M (left) and Briz-KM (right) at the 2013Paris Air Show
Manufacturer	Khrunichev
Country of origin	Russia
General characteristics
Diameter	2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)[1]
Length	2.6 m (8 ft 6 in)[1]
Gross mass	6,475 kg (14,275 lb)[2]
Propellant mass	5,055 kg (11,144 lb)[2]
Engine details
Powered by	1 ×S5.98M[2]
Maximum thrust	19.6 kN (4,400 lbf)
Specific impulse	326 s (3.20 km/s)
Burn time	3,000 seconds
Propellant	N2O4 /UDMH

TheBriz-K,Briz-KM andBriz-M (Russian:Бриз-К, КM and M meaningBreeze-K, KM and M) are Russianliquid-propellant rocketorbit insertionupper stages manufactured byKhrunichev State Research and Production Space Center and used on theProton-M andAngara A5. The upper stages were also used onRokot, one of Russia's smaller launchers, before its retirement in 2019.

Briz-K,GRAU index 14S12, is a single-piece structure with a conical tank compartment and the engine located in a recess in the fuel tank. Briz-KM (GRAU index 14S45) is an improved version of Briz-K.^[4] The Briz-K and Briz-KM were used as a third stage of theRokot launch vehicles.^[5]

Briz-M,GRAU index 14S43, is designed for injecting large payloads into a low, medium-height or highgeosynchronous orbit.^[3] Briz-M is a twin upper stage consisting of a core module (using Briz-KM as the baseline) and a jettisonable add-on toroidal tank surrounding the core.^[3] It is powered by apump-fed gimballed main engine, the14D30.^[6] The main engine can be restarted 8 times in flight and allows precision placement of the spacecraft into orbit.^[7] Orbital lifetime of the Briz-M is limited by available onboard battery power and is currently 24 hours.^[7] The total time of the standard Proton/Briz-M mission to geosynchronous orbit profile from lift-off to spacecraft separation is approximately 9.3 hours.^[7] A Proton launch vehicle with a Briz-M upper stage can also inject payloads to Earth escape trajectories.^[7]

One of system's design goals has been to keep overall dimensions as small as possible. Briz-M takes much less space on board the launch vehicle compared to its predecessor, theBlock D upper stage, leaving freed volume for the cargo.^[8] A Proton with a Briz-M can place a 4,385 kg satellite, such as anA2100AX, into a target orbit with an apogee of 35,786 km, a perigee of 7,030 km, and an inclination of 17.3°.^[9][10] Maximum lift capability of the Briz-M stage is 5,645 kg to geosynchronous transfer orbit with a 1,500 m/s residual velocity to GSO.^[6] A tandem launch of multiple spacecraft is also supported, with the ability to inject the spacecraft into different orbits.^[6]

The maiden flight of Briz-M took place on 5 July 1999. The flight was a failure, due to the explosion of the carrier rocket's second stage. The flight had a communications satellite as a payload.

Briz-M completed its first successful flight on 6 June 2000, when it delivered theGorizont communications satellite into orbit.

It is planned to use Briz-M with the A3 and A5 versions of the futureAngara rocket family.^[3]

• Expendable space launch systems
• Rocket stages
• Space launch vehicles of Russia

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