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Princess of the United Kingdom
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Anne, Princess Royal, daughter of Elizabeth II, granddaughter of George VI and princess of the blood

The use of the title ofPrincess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is entirely at the will of thesovereign, and is now expressed inletters patent. Individuals holding the title of princess will usually also be granted the style ofHer Royal Highness (HRH). The current letters patent were issued in 1917 duringWorld War I, with one extension in 2012.

Between 1714 and 1917, pursuant to the then custom, daughters of the monarch and daughters of male-line descendants of a monarch were accorded the rank of a British princess. KingGeorge V issued letters patent on 30 November 1917 (issue 30428, Dec. 14, 1917, p. 2.), predefining who held the title, style and rank of a British Princess[1] to restrict the automatic assignment of the title "princess" and the use of the style "Royal Highness" to the following persons:

  • the legitimate daughters of a British Sovereign
  • the legitimate male line granddaughters of a British sovereign.

On 31 December 2012, QueenElizabeth II issued letters patent enabling all children of theeldest son of thePrince of Wales to hold the titleprince orprincess and styleRoyal Highness, as opposed to only the eldest son (the 1917 patent having extended "prince" to his eldest living son).

The wife of aBritish prince whose marriage has been approved by the British Sovereign is automatically accorded the status of the prince (princess) and the feminine form of her husband's titles.

Princesses of the blood royal and princesses by marriage

Under the current practice, princesses of the blood royal are the legitimate daughters and the legitimate male line granddaughters of aBritish sovereign. They aredynasts, that is potential successors to the throne. For these individuals, the title "Princess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" and the style "Her Royal Highness" is an entitlement for life. The title Princess and the styleRoyal Highness is prefixed to the Christian name, before another title of honour. From 1714 until 1917, the male-line great-granddaughters of the Sovereign were titled "Princess of Great Britain and Ireland" with the style "Highness". Since 1917,[citation needed] the male-line great-granddaughters of the Sovereign have held "the style and title enjoyed by the children of dukes". For example, the daughters ofPrince Richard, Duke of Gloucester, a male line grandson of George V, are styledLady Davina Windsor andLady Rose Gilman.

The legal wife of aBritish prince is also entitled to the status and rank of a British princess. If their husband is not the holder of his own substantive title, then the wife of a British prince has the right to be styled as Princess followed by their husband's first given name.[2] However, if their husband is the holder of either a Dukedom or an Earldom then this takes precedence.[2] For example, upon her marriage toPrince Michael of Kent in 1978,Baroness Marie-Christine von Reibnitz assumed the title and style of "Her Royal Highness Princess Michael of Kent". Similarly, upon her marriage to thenPrince Richard of Gloucester, the formerBirgitte van Deurs assumed the title and style of "Her Royal Highness Princess Richard of Gloucester". Upon marriage, the wife of the prince of Wales becomes "Her Royal Highness The Princess of Wales". Upon marriage, the wife of a royal duke (or earl) becomes "Her Royal Highness The Duchess (or Countess) of X". When Prince Richard of Gloucester succeeded to his father's dukedom in 1974, his wife became "Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Gloucester". Since 1714, only four princesses were at marriage known in their title by their husband's name, since all the others took the duchess form of theroyal duke's title. The four arePrincess George of Cumberland,Princess Arthur of Connaught,Princess Richard of Gloucester andPrincess Michael of Kent.

Princesses by marriage are entitled to the style "Royal Highness" by virtue of marriage, and retain the style if widowed. However, Elizabeth II issued letters patent dated 21 August 1996 stating that any woman divorced from a prince of the United Kingdom would no longer be entitled to the style "Royal Highness". This has so far applied toDiana, Princess of Wales, andSarah, Duchess of York. The title of HRH is not intrinsically linked to the title of Princess. Diana was restyled as "Diana, Princess of Wales" following her divorce as a courtesy of the late Queen Elizabeth II having been officially styled as The Princess of Wales during marriage. If Diana had ever remarried then she would have lost the right to the style and title completely.

Since the passage of theRoyal Marriages Act 1772, there were a few instances in the reign of King George III in which princes of the blood contracted marriages without consent of the king. This meant they were not legally married, denying the woman the lawful style "Her Royal Highness", as well as any title in the peerage. For example,Prince George, Duke of Cambridge, a male-line grandson of KingGeorge III, 'married'Sarah Louisa Fairbrother: the marriage was in contravention of theRoyal Marriages Act, and therefore legally invalid. Accordingly, the duke's wife was never titled the Duchess of Cambridge or accorded the style "Her Royal Highness". Instead, she was known as "Mrs FitzGeorge". An exception to the rule was created for KingEdward VIII following his 1936 abdication. KingGeorge VI issued letters patent dated 27 May 1937 that entitled The Duke of Windsor, as Edward was now entitled, "to hold and enjoy for himself only the title, style or attribute of Royal Highness so however that his wife and descendants if any shall not hold the said title, style or attribute".

There is also the case when a princess of the blood royal marries a British prince. She also becomes a princess by marriage and will be addressed in the same way. An example of this situation was the latePrincess Alexandra, Duchess of Fife, when she married her cousinPrince Arthur of Connaught and became "Princess Arthur of Connaught, Duchess of Fife".

Typically a princess by marriage should not be called princess followed by her first name. Diana, Princess of Wales, was consistently referred to as "Princess Diana" by fans and the media, but this usage of the title is technically erroneous, as she was not the child of a monarch nor the child of a son of a monarch.[3] However, this tradition was broken once in the past century with Elizabeth II's aunt,Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, being referred to—with permission from the sovereign—in official sources as such following the death of her husband.[4]

History

The use of the titles prince and princess and the styles of Highness and Royal Highness for members of the Royal Family is of fairly recent usage in the British Isles. Before 1714, there was no settled practice regarding the use of the titles prince and princess other than theheir apparent and his wife.[5] Since 1301, the eldest sons of theKings of England (and later Great Britain and the United Kingdom) have generally been createdPrince of Wales and Earl of Chester (though Edward II's eldest son Edward III, was not given the title).[6] Their wives were titledPrincess of Wales.

The titlePrincess Royal came into being in 1642[7] when QueenHenrietta Maria, the French-born wife of KingCharles I, wished to imitate the way the eldest daughter of the French King was styledMadame Royale. However, there was no settled practice on the use of the title princess for the Sovereign's younger daughters or male-line granddaughters. For example, as late as the time of KingCharles II, the daughters of his brotherJames, Duke of York, both of whom became Queens regnant, were called simply "The Lady Mary" and "The Lady Anne". The future QueenAnne was styled princess in her marriage treaty toPrince George of Denmark and then styled "Princess Anne of Denmark" once married. However, in exile atSaint-Germain-en-Laye, the deposed James II & VII gave the title of Princess Royal to his last daughter,Louisa Maria (1692–1712).

After the accession ofGeorge Louis of Hanover as King George I, the children, grandchildren, and male line great-grandchildren of the British Sovereign were automatically titled "Prince or Princess of Great Britain and Ireland" and styled "Royal Highness" (in the case of children and grandchildren) or "Highness" (in the case of male line great-grandchildren). QueenVictoria confirmed this practice in letters patent dated 30 January 1864 (the first Act of the Prerogative dealing with the princely title in general terms).[8]

On 31 December 2012, Elizabeth II issued letters patent enabling all children of the eldest son of thePrince of Wales to enjoy the princely title and style ofRoyal Highness, as opposed to only the eldest son.[9][10]

Styling of princesses

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Princesses of the blood royal

When a princess marries, she still takes on her husband's title. If the title is higher than (or equal to) the one she possesses, she will normally be styled using the female equivalent.[12] If her husband has a lower title or style, her style as a princess remains in use, although it may then be combined with her style by marriage, e.g.HRH ThePrincess Louise, Duchess of Argyll orHRHPrincess Alice, Countess of Athlone – if that princess had a territorial designation, she may cease its use. It has become customary, however, for a princess who has been granted the title ofHRH The Princess Royal to not combine it with her style by marriage: Princess Anne remainsHRH The Princess Royal rather thanHRH The Princess Royal, Lady Laurence.[13][14]

Princesses by marriage

A princess by marriage is addressed as "Princess Husband's name"; this is akin to a woman being referred to as "Mrs. John Smith".[citation needed] The only recent time this has broken tradition is with the sovereign's express consent. Namely, with Queen Elizabeth II's auntsPrincess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, andPrincess Marina, Duchess of Kent. The former was not a princess by birth, while the latter was born a princess of Greece and Denmark. Both women asked the Queen to use their given names after their husbands' deaths.[4]

  • Wife of a prince who has a peerage:HRH The Duchess/Countess of X, or, prior to 1917, possiblyHH (e.g.HRHThe Duchess of Edinburgh andHRHThe Duchess of Sussex)
  • Wife of a son of a Sovereign, who has no peerage:HRH The Princess Husband.
  • Wife of another prince who has no peerage:HRH Princess Husband of X. (X usually taken from father's Dukedom; e.g.HRHPrincess Michael of Kent)
  • Prior to 1917, the wife of a prince in the third generation, who has no peerage:HH Princess Husband of X.

Exceptions

  • There were only two historical princesses who would have been exceptions to the 1917 rule, but they died long before that. The sistersSophia Matilda andCaroline Augusta Maria born in 1773 and 1774 were male line great-granddaughters of George II. All of the other exceptions were still alive in 1917 and were no longer permitted to use the style of HRH and Princess.

There have been several exceptions in recent history to these rules, but all have come by order of the Sovereign, mostly throughletters patent.

  • In November 1905, KingEdward VII allowed the two daughters ofLouise, Princess Royal to use a princely title and the style ofHighness.[15] They were not entitled to the style ofRoyal Highness. The 1917 letters patent which stripped great-grandchildren of a British sovereign of the style ofHighness with a princely title was complicated as it did not technically overrule Edward VII's letters patent, as the former practice was mostly an unspoken courtesy as opposed to a written rule. The elder sister,Princess Alexandra, Duchess of Fife, was already married by that time, toPrince Arthur of Connaught: he was a male-line grandson of Victoria, and so entitled to use the style ofRoyal Highness. Alexandra was therefore styledHer Royal Highness Princess Arthur of Connaught, Duchess of Fife from her 1913 marriage for the rest of her life, and the 1917 letters patent did not change this. Her younger sister,Princess Maud, on the other hand, was unmarried in 1917. Until her 1923 marriage, she continued to use the title of "Princess" granted to her in 1905.[16] Upon her marriage toCharles, Lord Carnegie, however, she chose to be known asLady Maud Carnegie (or, from 1941,The Countess of Southesk), dropping her princely title.
  • Charles III had the style and title His Royal Highness Prince Charles of Edinburgh from birth in 1948, even though he was a female-line grandchild of the Sovereign, being born to the future Elizabeth II, then Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, during the reign of Elizabeth's father, KingGeorge VI, who had no sons. George VI issued letters patent on 22 October 1948, granting the style to Elizabeth's children. Under the same exception,Anne, Princess Royal was styled Her Royal Highness Princess Anne of Edinburgh from her birth in 1950 until her mother's accession in 1952.
  • In 1961, when her son married, theDuchess of Kent asked Elizabeth II to extend the use of a princely title to precede her first name, in order to avoid confusion with her daughter-in-law,Katharine Worsley, the new Duchess of Kent. As she was born a princess of Greece and Denmark, this was not incredibly notable, although traditionally she would have been styled asHer Royal Highness The Dowager Duchess of Kent. After this she was styled asHer Royal Highness Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent.
  • In 1974, theDuchess of Gloucester asked Elizabeth II for the same title as her sister-in-law, then Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent, with a princely title preceding her first name. Unlike Princess Marina, Alice had never been a princess in her own right, thus this allowance was far more unusual. Instead of being referred to asHer Royal Highness The Dowager Duchess of Gloucester, as is customary, she becameHer Royal Highness Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester.
  • In 2003, upon the request of Elizabeth II's youngest son,Edward, his children would be styled as the children of an earl, though still retaining their royal titles.[17] The children would be able to decide if they would want to use the title once they turned eighteen.[18] As male-line grandchildren of a British monarch,Lady Louise Mountbatten-Windsor and theJames, Earl of Wessex, would traditionally enjoy a princely title and style.
  • In December 2012, Elizabeth II issued letters patent that stated that all children born to the eldest child of the Prince of Wales (then her sonCharles), would enjoy a princely title and style, and not just the eldest son. Although in effect since 2012, it was not used in practice until the birth ofPrincess Charlotte in 2015.

List of princesses of the blood royal since 1714

ImageFull NameArmsLifespanRoyal lineageRightNotes
Sophia Dorothea1687–1757Only daughter ofKing George ICreated Princess by the sovereign
  • Gained title in 1714 upon accession of her father as King George I.
  • Queen consort ofPrussia 1713–1740.
Anne1709–17591st daughter ofKing George IICreated Princess by the sovereignGained title in 1714 upon accession of her grandfather as King George I. Princess of Orange.
Amelia Sophia Eleanor1711–17862nd daughter of King George IICreated Princess by the sovereign
  • Gained title in 1714 upon accession of her grandfather as King George I.
Caroline Elizabeth1713–17573rd daughter of King George IICreated Princess by the sovereign
  • Gained title in 1714 upon accession of her grandfather as King George I.
Mary1723–17724th daughter of King George IIPrincess from birth
  • Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel
Louise1724–17515th daughter of King George IIPrincess from birth
  • Queen consort ofDenmark 1746–1751.
Augusta Frederica1737–1813
  • 1st daughter ofFrederick
  • Granddaughter of King George II
Princess from birth
Elizabeth Caroline1741–1759
  • 2nd daughter ofFrederick
  • Granddaughter of King George II
Princess from birth
  •  
Louisa Anne1749–1768
  • 3rd daughter ofFrederick
  • Granddaughter of King George II
Princess from birth
  •  
Caroline Matilda1751–1775
  • 4th daughter ofFrederick
  • Granddaughter of King George II
Princess from birth
Charlotte Augusta Matilda1766–18281st daughter ofKing George IIIPrincess from birthHeld the title 'The Princess Charlotte' from birth and formally styledPrincess Royal in 1789.
Queen consort ofWürttemberg 1806–1816.
Augusta Sophia1768–18402nd daughter of King George IIIPrincess from birth
  •  
Elizabeth1770–18403rd daughter of King George IIIPrincess from birth
  • Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg
Mary1776–18574th daughter of King George IIIPrincess from birth
  • Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh
Sophia Matilda1777–18485th daughter of King George IIIPrincess from birth
  •  
Amelia1783–18106th daughter of King George IIIPrincess from birth
  •  
Sophia Matilda1773–1844
Princess from birth
Caroline Augusta Maria1774–1775
Princess from birth
  •  
Charlotte Augusta1796–1817Only daughter ofKing George IVPrincess from birth
  • Death in childbirth left Kingdom without direct line heir.
  • Princess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.
Charlotte Augusta Louisa1819–18191st daughter ofKing William IVPrincess from birth
  •  
Elizabeth Georgiana Adelaide1820–18212nd daughter of King William IVPrincess from birth
  •  
AlexandrinaVictoria
later, Queen Victoria
1819–1901
Princess from birth
Augusta Caroline Charlotte Elizabeth Mary Sophia Louise1822–1916Granddaughter of King George IIIPrincess from birth
Mary Adelaide Wilhemina Elizabeth1833–1897
Princess from birth
Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa1840–19011st daughter of Queen VictoriaPrincess from birth
Alice Maud Mary1843–18782nd daughter of Queen VictoriaPrincess from birth
Helena Augusta Victoria1846–19233rd daughter of Queen VictoriaPrincess from birth 
Frederica Sophie Marie Henrietta Amelia Theresa1848–1926Great-granddaughter of King George IIIPrincess from birth
Louise Caroline Alberta1848–19394th daughter of Queen VictoriaPrincess from birthDuchess of Argyll
1900–1939
Marie Ernestine Josephine Adolphine Henrietta Theresa Elisabeth Alexandrina1849–1904Great-granddaughter of King George IIIPrincess from birth
  • Daughter of George V of Hanover.
Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore1857–19445th daughter of Queen VictoriaPrincess from birth
  • Princess Henry of Battenberg
Louise Victoria Alexandra Dagmar1867–19311st daughter of KingEdward VIIPrincess from birth
  • Held the title 'Princess Louise of Wales' from birth,
  • 'The Princess Louise' from her father's accession in 1901
  • Styled 'The Princess Royal' in 1905.
Victoria Alexandra Olga Mary1868–19352nd daughter of King Edward VIIPrincess from birth
  • Held the title 'Princess Victoria of Wales' from birth,
  • 'The Princess Victoria' from her father's accession in 1901.
  • Held title until death.
Maud Charlotte Mary Victoria1869–19383rd daughter of King Edward VIIPrincess from birth
  • Queen consort ofNorway 1905–1938.
Marie Alexandra Victoria1875–1938Granddaughter of Queen VictoriaPrincess from birth
Victoria Melita1876–1936Granddaughter of Queen VictoriaPrincess from birth
  • Daughter of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh
  • Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine 1894–1901.
Alexandra Louise Olga Victoria1878–1942Granddaughter of Queen VictoriaPrincess from birth
  • Daughter of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh.
Marie Louise Victoria Caroline Amelia Alexandra Augusta Frederica1879–1948Great-great-granddaughter of King George IIIPrincess from birth
Margaret Victoria Charlotte Augusta Norah1882–1920Granddaughter of Queen VictoriaPrincess from birth
Alexandra Marie Louise Olga Elizabeth Theresa Vera1882–1963
  • Great-great-granddaughter of King George III
  • Daughter of Crown Prince Ernst Augustus of Hanover.
Princess from birth
  • Title from birth until 1917
Alice Mary Victoria Augusta Pauline1883–1981Granddaughter of Queen VictoriaPrincess from birth
Beatrice Leopoldine Victoria1884–1966Granddaughter of Queen VictoriaPrincess from birth
  • Daughter of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh.
Olga Adelaide Louise Marie Alexandrina Agnes1884–1958
  • Great-great-granddaughter of King George III
  • Daughter of Crown Prince Ernst Augustus of Hanover.
Princess from birth
  • Title from birth until 30 November 1917
VictoriaPatricia Helena Elizabeth1886–1974Granddaughter of Queen VictoriaPrincess from birth
  • Title held from her birth until 1919 when she relinquished her title and style upon marriage,[20] Daughter of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn.
Alexandra Victoria Alberta Edwina Louise1891–1959Granddaughter in female line of King Edward VIICreated Princess by the sovereign
Maud Alexandra Victoria Georgina Bertha1893–1945Granddaughter in female line of King Edward VIICreated Princess by the sovereign
  • Title granted by Letters Patent of 1905,[21] ceased use of title after her marriage in 1923 although it was never formally relinquished, Daughter of Princess Louise, Duchess of Fife.
Victoria Alexandra AliceMary1897–1965Daughter of KingGeorge VPrincess from birth
  • Held the title 'Princess Mary of York' from birth,
  • 'The Princess Mary' on her father's accession in 1910
  • Styled 'ThePrincess Royal' in 1932.
Sibylla Calma Maria Alice Bathildis Feodora1907–1972Great-granddaughter of Queen VictoriaPrincess from birth
Caroline Matilda Helen Louise Augusta Beatrice1912–1983Great-granddaughter of Queen VictoriaPrincess from birth
  • Title from birth until 30 November 1917
  • Daughter of Prince Charles Edward, Duke of Albany.
Frederica Louise1917–1981Great-great-great-granddaughter of King George IIIPrincess from birth
Elizabeth Alexandra Mary
later, Queen Elizabeth II
1926–20221st daughter of King George VIPrincess from birth
  • Held the title 'Princess Elizabeth of York' from birth
  • 'The Princess Elizabeth' from her father's accession in 1936, until her succession in 1952 as Queen Elizabeth II.
Margaret Rose1930–20022nd daughter of King George VIPrincess from birth
  • Held the title 'Princess Margaret of York' from birth
  • 'The Princess Margaret' from her father's accession in 1936
  • 'The Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon' after her marriage in 1960
  • Held title until death.
Alexandra Helen Elizabeth Olga Christabel1936–presentGranddaughter of King George VPrincess from birth
Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise1950–presentOnly daughter of Queen Elizabeth IIPrincess from birth
  • Held the title 'Princess Anne of Edinburgh' from birth,
  • 'The Princess Anne' from her mother's accession
  • Styled 'ThePrincess Royal' in 1987.
Beatrice Elizabeth Mary1988–presentGranddaughter of Queen Elizabeth IIPrincess from birth
  • Daughter ofPrince Andrew, Duke of York.
  • Held the title 'Princess Beatrice of York' from birth, until her marriage in 2020.
  • After her marriage, named Mrs Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi.
Eugenie Victoria Helena1990–presentGranddaughter of Queen Elizabeth IIPrincess from birth
  • Daughter of Prince Andrew, Duke of York.
  • Held the title 'Princess Eugenie of York' from birth, until her marriage in 2018.
  • After marriage named Mrs Jack Brooksbank.
Louise Alice Elizabeth Mary2003–presentGranddaughter of Queen Elizabeth IIPrincess from birth
Charlotte Elizabeth Diana2015–presentGreat-granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth IIPrincess from birth
  • Daughter ofWilliam, Prince of Wales
  • Held the title 'Princess Charlotte of Cambridge' from birth until her grandfather's accession on 8 September 2022.
  • Held the title 'Princess Charlotte of Cornwall and Cambridge' from 8 September to 9 September 2022.
  • Holds the title 'Princess Charlotte of Wales'.
Lilibet Diana2021–presentGranddaughter of King Charles IIIPrincess since the accession of her grandfather

List of princesses by marriage since 1714

Unless specified title held from marriage to death or present day
Title of Princess where spouse's title was eliminated by Letters Patent issued 30 November 1917 or Order in Council in 1919
ImageNameArmsBirthDeathMarriageHusbandComments
Princess Wilhelmina CharlotteCaroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach168317371705George of HanoverGained title by accession of her father-in-law as King George I in 1714 and held it until her husband's accession as King George II in 1727.
PrincessAugusta of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg171917721736Frederick, Prince of WalesPrincess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha by birth.On marriage she became: Her Royal Highness The Princess of Wales.
Maria Walpole173618071766Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and EdinburghGained title by her second marriage.
Anne Luttrell174218081771Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and StrathearnGained title by her second marriage.
PrincessFriederike Charlotte Ulrike Katharina of Prussia176718201791Prince Frederick, Duke of York and AlbanyPrincess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia by birth.On marriage she became: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of York and Albany.
DuchessCaroline Amelia Elizabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel176818211795George, Prince of WalesHeld title until her husband's accession as King George IV in 1820.
DuchessFriederike Luise Caroline Sophie Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Strelitz177818411815Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland and TeviotdaleGained title by her third marriage. Became Queen of Hanover on her husband's accession as King Ernest Augustus in 1837.
PrincessAugusta Wilhelmina Louisa of Hesse-Kassel179718891818Prince Adolphus, Duke of CambridgeHer Serene Highness Princess Augusta Wilhelmina Louise of Hesse by birth.On marriage she became: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge.
Princess Marie LouiseVictoire of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld178618611818Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and StrathearnGained title by her second marriage.
PrincessAdelaide Amelia Louise Theresa Caroline of Saxe-Meiningen179218491818Prince William, Duke of Clarence and St AndrewsHeld title until her husband's accession as King William IV in 1830.
Princess AlexandrineMarie Wilhelmine Katharine Charlotte Theresia Henriette Luise Pauline Elisabeth Friederike Georgine of Saxe-Altenburg181819071843George, Crown Prince of HanoverBecame Queen of Hanover on her husband's accession as King George V in 1851.
PrincessAlexandra Caroline Marie Charlotte Louise Julia of Denmark184419251863Albert Edward, Prince of WalesHeld title until her husband's accession as King Edward VII in 1901.
Grand DuchessMaria Alexandrovna of Russia185319201874Prince Alfred, Duke of EdinburghHeld title until her husband's accession as Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1893.
PrincessThyra Amalie Caroline Charlotte Anna of Denmark185319331878Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of HanoverHusband lost British title of Prince in 1917.
PrincessLouise Margaret Alexandra Victoria Agnes of Prussia186019171879Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and StrathearnHer Royal Highness Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia by birth.

On prior to her marriage, she became: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Connaught and Strathearn.

PrincessHelen Frederica Augusta of Waldeck and Pyrmont186119221882Prince Leopold, Duke of AlbanyPrincess Helen of Waldeck and Pyrmont by birth. On marriage she became: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Albany.
Princess VictoriaMary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes of Teck186719531893Prince George, Duke of YorkHeld title until her husband's accession as King George V in 1910.
PrincessViktoria Adelheid Helene Luise Marie Friederike of Schleswig-Holstein188519701905Prince Charles Edward, Duke of AlbanyHusband lost British title of prince in 1919.
PrincessViktoria Luise Adelheid Mathilde Charlotte of Prussia189219801913Ernest Augustus, Duke of BrunswickHusband lost British title of Prince in 1917. Princess Viktoria Luise was born Princess of Prussia being the only daughter of the German Emperor Wilhelm II.
Alexandra Victoria Alberta Edwina Louise18911959Prince Arthur of ConnaughtPrincess by Letters Patent of 1905,[21] Daughter ofPrincess Louise, Duchess of Fife.

Became Princess by marriage as wife of Prince Arthur of Connaught[22]

Created Princess by the sovereign
LadyElizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon190020021923Prince Albert, Duke of YorkHeld title until her husband's accession as King George VI in 1936.
PrincessMarina of Greece and Denmark190619681934Prince George, Duke of KentPrincess of Greece and Denmark by birth. However, when she was widowed she reverted her title to Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent, styling herself as a princesssuo jure in the UK.
LadyAlice Christabel Montagu Douglas Scott190120041935Prince Henry, Duke of GloucesterWhen she was widowed in 1974 she was granted special permission to style herself as a princesssuo jure.
Katharine Lucy Mary Worsley193320251961Prince Edward, Duke of KentOn marriage she became: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Kent.
Birgitte Eva van Deurs Henriksen19461972Prince Richard, Duke of GloucesterOn marriage she became: Her Royal Highness Princess Richard of Gloucester from 8 July 1972 until 10 June 1974. Upon the death of her father-in-law on 10 June 1974, her style changed to Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Gloucester.
BaronessMarie-Christine Anna Agnes Hedwig Ida von Reibnitz19451978Prince Michael of KentGained title by her second marriage.
LadyDiana Frances Spencer196119971981Charles, Prince of WalesOn marriage she became: Her Royal Highness The Princess of Wales. She lost style of Her Royal Highness upon divorce, and was restyled as "Diana, Princess of Wales".[23]
Sarah Margaret Ferguson19591986Prince Andrew, Duke of YorkOn marriage she became: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of York. She lost style of Her Royal Highness upon divorce, and was restyled as "Sarah, Duchess of York".[24]
Sophie Helen Rhys-Jones19651999Prince Edward, Duke of EdinburghOn marriage she became: Her Royal Highness The Countess of Wessex and Viscountess Severn.[25] On 10 March 2019, the Queen granted theEarldom of Forfar to the Earl of Wessex for use in Scotland. On 10 March 2023, her husband become Duke of Edinburgh, Sophie is thus Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Edinburgh.
Camilla Rosemary Shand19472005Charles, Prince of WalesBy her second marriage she became:Her Royal Highness theDuchess of Cornwall, Duchess of Rothesay, Countess of Chester etc.[26] She also held the title ofPrincess of Wales but did not use it because the title became strongly associated with its previous holder, Diana.[27] On 9 April 2021, she becameDuchess of Edinburgh.[28] She held the titles until her husband's accession as Charles III on 8 September 2022, when she became Her Majesty The Queen.[29]
Catherine Elizabeth Middleton19822011William, Prince of WalesOn marriage she became: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge, Countess of Strathearn, and Baroness Carrickfergus. On 8 September 2022, she became Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cornwall and Cambridge. On 9 September 2022, she became Her Royal Highness The Princess of Wales.[30][31][32]
RachelMeghan Markle19812018Prince Harry, Duke of SussexOn marriage she became: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Sussex, Countess of Dumbarton, and Baroness Kilkeel.[33] The Duke and Duchess of Sussex no longer publicly use the style of Royal Highness after stepping back as senior members of the Royal Family but they are still referred to as "His/Her Royal Highness" in legal settings.

Notes

Each of the following women married a royal prince but as their marriages were invalid under theRoyal Marriages Act 1772, they did not become princesses:[citation needed]

AlthoughWallis Simpson married the Duke of Windsor in 1937, and he was a British prince with the styleHis Royal Highness, having been confirmed as such by letters patent 27 May 1937 from his brother, George VI, Wallis and her descendants from the marriage were expressly denied the style of "Royal Highness" by the same letters patent before she married him.[34] As a duke's wife, she was always styledHer Grace The Duchess of Windsor. Her husband, theDuke of Windsor, insisted that staff and friends should refer to her as Her Royal Highness.

There have been two instances where a British princess married a British prince:[citation needed] firstThe Princess Mary, daughter of George III, who married her first cousinPrince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh; secondlyPrincess Alexandra, Duchess of Fife, granddaughter of Edward VII, who married her first cousin once removedPrince Arthur of Connaught. In the first instance Princess Mary was of higher rank and the Duke of Gloucester and his sister were elevated from the styleHis/Her Highness toHis/Her Royal Highness. In the second instance Princess Alexandra had been granted the styleHer Highness by her grandfather the King; as the wife of a Prince she received the styleHer Royal Highness.

There is also the curious case of Princess Victoria Eugénie of Battenberg, laterQueen Victoria Eugenia of Spain (the daughter ofPrincess Beatrice andPrince Henry of Battenberg). Prior to her marriage toAlfonso XIII of Spain in May 1906, she was styled Her Highness Princess Victoria Eugénie of Battenberg. On 3 April 1906Edward VII, in order to elevate her standing prior to her wedding, raised her status to Royal Highness per royal declaration which read: "Whitehall April 3, 1906. The KING has been graciously pleased to declare and ordain that His Majesty's niece, Her Highness Princess Victoria Eugenie Julia Ena, daughter of Her Royal Highness the Princess Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore (Princess Henry of Battenberg), shall henceforth be styled and called "Her Royal Highness"; And to command that the said Royal concession and declaration be registered in His Majesty's College of Arms."[35] Edward VII concurrently issued a Royal Warrant on the elevation which read: "Our Will and Pleasure is and we do hereby declare and ordain that from and after the date of this Warrant our most Dear Niece Princess Victoria Eugénie Julia Ena, only daughter of Our most Dear Sister Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore (Princess Henry of Battenberg) shall be styled entitled and called "Her Royal Highness" before her name and such Titles and Appellations which to her belong in all Deeds Records Instruments or Documents whatsoever wherein she may at any time hereafter be named or described. And We do hereby authorize and empower Our said most Dear Niece henceforth at all times to assume and use and to be called and named by the Style, Title and Appellation of "Her Royal Highness" accordingly. Given at Our Court of Saint James's, the Third day of April 1906: in the Sixth Year of Our Reign. By His Majesty's Command. M Gladstone"[36] Whether this made her a British Royal Princess is the subject of debate.

The former Lady Diana Spencer lost the prefix of Her Royal Highness upon her divorce in August 1996, and was restyled as "Diana, Princess of Wales". Buckingham Palace issued a press release on the day the decree absolute of divorce was issued, announcing Diana's change of title, but made it clear that Diana continued to be a member of the British Royal Family. This was confirmed by the deputy coroner of the Queen's Household, Baroness Butler-Sloss, after a pre-hearing on 8 January 2007: "I am satisfied that at her death, Diana, Princess of Wales continued to be a member of the Royal Household."[37] This appears to have been confirmed in the High Court judicial review matter ofAl Fayed & Ors v Butler-Sloss.[38] In that case, three High Court judges accepted submissions that the "very name 'Coroner to the Queen's Household' gave the appearance of partiality in the context of inquests into the deaths of two people,one of whom was a member of the Family and the other was not."[38]

Common names

Of the above named princesses, there are a great number of shared names:

See also

Sources

  1. ^"Page 13086 | Issue 30428, 14 December 1917 | London Gazette | The Gazette".www.thegazette.co.uk. Retrieved8 July 2024.
  2. ^ab"Who can be a prince or princess? • Debretts". 9 March 2023.
  3. ^"Why we will never see 'Princess Catherine' – Royal Central". 28 July 2020.
  4. ^ab"Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester – Marriage and family".The British Monarchy. Archived from the original on 16 February 2009. Retrieved18 May 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  5. ^"Prince and princess | Definition, Countries, History, & Facts".Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved18 May 2025.
  6. ^Lyon, Ann (July 2006)."The Prince and the Duchess: The Honours of the Royal Family: An Unconsidered Area of the Royal Prerogative".Liverpool Law Review.27 (2):203–231.doi:10.1007/s10991-006-9003-0. Retrieved18 May 2025.
  7. ^"Royal Titles: Style and Title of the Princess Royal".www.royal.gov.uk. Archived fromthe original on 27 July 2008. Retrieved11 January 2022.
  8. ^Royal Styles and Titles – 1864 Letters Patent.
  9. ^"No. 60384".The London Gazette. 8 January 2013. p. 213.
  10. ^"Royal baby girl 'would be princess'".BBC News. 9 January 2013. Retrieved6 July 2013.
  11. ^The Royal Family."Style and Title of the Princess Royal". Archived fromthe original on 27 July 2008. Retrieved10 February 2017.
  12. ^"Page 7044 | Supplement 34453, 10 November 1937 | London Gazette | The Gazette". Archived fromthe original on 3 April 2015.
  13. ^"Ceremonials observed at the funeral and lying in state of his late majesty King George the Fifth of blessed memory"(PDF).The London Gazette. 29 April 1936.
  14. ^"Supplement 24801"(PDF).The London Gazette. 28 July 1910. p. 5485.
  15. ^Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser Band III. "Fife". C.A. Starke Verlag, 1955, pp. 336–337. (German).
  16. ^"THE NEXT ROYAL MARRIAGE: PRINCESS MAUD AND LORD CARNEGIE".Register. 6 November 1923. p. 7 – via Trove.
  17. ^"United Kingdom Government News: TITLE OF HRH THE PRINCE EDWARD". 1 February 2014. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved17 November 2023.
  18. ^"Queen Elizabeth's Grandchildren Will 'Work for a Living' and Won't Use HRH, Says Mom Sophie Wessex".Peoplemag. Retrieved17 November 2023.
  19. ^Royal Styles and Titles – 1816 Letters Patent.
  20. ^Royal Styles and Titles – 1919 Letters Patent.
  21. ^abcRoyal Styles and Titles – 1905 Letters Patent.
  22. ^Born Lady Alexandra Duff, she was granted the title and style of Her Highness Princess Alexandra by Letters Patent of 9 November 1905, as the daughter of Princess Louise, Duchess of Fife. Upon her marriage to Prince Arthur of Connaught in 1913, she assumed the style of Her Royal Highness Princess Arthur of Connaught, Duchess of Fife. The Duchess Title, she inherited from her father prior to her marriage.
  23. ^British Monarchy (2009)."Diana, Princess of Wales — Marriage and family". Archived fromthe original on 12 May 2012. Retrieved15 February 2017.
  24. ^"The Royal Family"(PDF). royal.gov.uk. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 17 June 2012. Retrieved8 July 2012.
  25. ^British Monarchy (2009)."The Countess of Wessex – Styles and titles". Archived fromthe original on 27 March 2012. Retrieved15 February 2017.
  26. ^Jack, Ian (11 March 2005)."Lay of the last duchess".The Guardian. Retrieved29 April 2021.
  27. ^"The Royal Title that Camilla and Princess Diana Shared".Harper's Bazaar. 13 November 2018. Archived fromthe original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved2 January 2019.When she married Prince Charles, "Camilla was not popular or well liked, [though] this has changed a lot since the marriage as Camilla has taken on a lot of patronages and Charles is a lot happier," [Marlene] Koenig says. "Still, [there was] a lot of tension and anger among a certain element of the population—so it was decided that Camilla would be styled as the Duchess of Cornwall, even though, of course, she is the Princess of Wales."
  28. ^"HRH The Duke of Edinburgh".College of Arms. 9 April 2021.Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved7 May 2021.
  29. ^House of Commons Hansard (4 April 2005)."Royal Marriage". Retrieved10 February 2017.
  30. ^"Styles and titles – The Duchess of Cambridge". The Royal Household. Archived fromthe original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved1 August 2013.Miss Catherine Middleton became Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge, Countess of Strathearn and Lady Carrickfergus.
  31. ^Rayner, Gordon (2 August 2013)."Royal baby: Duke and Duchess of Cambridge register birth of Prince George".The Telegraph.The Duchess is entitled to use the title Princess William of Wales, but has never described herself as such because the couple decided to be known as the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge after the titles were conferred on them by the Queen on their wedding day.
  32. ^Rayner, Gordon (2 August 2013)."Duchess Kate: Princess of the United Kingdom (but you can call me mummy)".The Daily Telegraph. Archived fromthe original on 20 August 2013.Although she has never used the name, the Duchess is entitled to refer to herself as Princess William of Wales, as well as being Countess of Strathearn and Lady Carrickfergus.
  33. ^British Monarchy (2023)."The Duchess of Sussex".The Royal Family. Retrieved13 April 2023.
  34. ^Royal Styles and Titles – 1937 Letters Patent.
  35. ^"News.webshots.com".
  36. ^François Velde (9 April 2012)."Victoria Eugénie of Battenberg".Heraldica. Retrieved15 February 2017.
  37. ^H M Coroner (8 January 2007)."Inquests into the deaths of Diana, Princess of Wales and Mr Dodi Al Fayed: Decisions of 8 January 2007". Archived fromthe original on 30 October 2007. Retrieved15 February 2017.
  38. ^ab"High Court Judgment Template"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 25 June 2008. Retrieved13 October 2008.
The generations indicate descent fromGeorge I, who formalised the use of the titlesprince andprincess for members of the British royal family. Where a princess may have been or is descended from George I more than once, her most senior descent, by which she bore or bears her title, is used.
1st generation
2nd generation
3rd generation
4th generation
5th generation
6th generation
7th generation
8th generation
9th generation
10th generation
11th generation
12th generation
Princesses whose titles were removed and eligible people who do not use the title are shown in italics.
The generations include wives of princes descended fromGeorge I, who formalised the use of the titlesprince andprincess for members of the British royal family.
1st generation
2nd generation
3rd generation
4th generation
5th generation
6th generation
7th generation
8th generation
9th generation
10th generation
11th generation
*also aBritish princess in her own right
Princesses whose titles were removed due to loss of husband's eligibility or divorce are shown in italics.
British royal titles
Titles
Inactive
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