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| Abbreviation | BIS |
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| Formation | 13 October 1933 |
| Founded at | Liverpool, UK |
| Legal status | Non-profit organisation |
| Purpose | UK space advocacy, promotion of astronautics, research |
| Headquarters | 27/29 South Lambeth Road,Vauxhall, London, SW8 1SZ |
Region served | International Membership |
| Membership | Anyone with an interest in space |
CEO | John Lewin |
President | Colin Philp |
Main organ | Board of Trustees |
| Affiliations | International Astronautical Federation |
| Website | bis-space.com |
TheBritish Interplanetary Society (BIS), founded inLiverpool in 1933 by Philip E. Cleator,[1] is the oldest existingspace advocacy organisation in the world. Its aim is exclusively to support and promoteastronautics andspace exploration.
It is anon-profit organisation with headquarters inLondon and is financed by members' contributions.
It is situated on South Lambeth Road (A203) nearVauxhall station.
The BIS was only preceded in astronautics by theAmerican Interplanetary Society (founded 1930), the GermanVfR (founded 1927), and SovietSociety for Studies of Interplanetary Travel (founded 1924), but unlike those it never became absorbed into a national industry. Thus it is now the world's oldest existing space advocacy body.[2]
When originally formed in October 1933, the BIS aimed not only to promote and raise the public profile of astronautics, but also to undertake practical experimentation into rocketry along similar lines to the organisations above. However, early in 1936 the society discovered that this ambition was thwarted by theExplosives Act 1875, which prevented any private testing ofliquid-fuel rockets in the United Kingdom.
In the late 1930s, the group devised a project of landing people on theMoon by amultistage rocket, each stage of which would have many narrowsolid-fuel rockets. Their lander wasgumdrop-shaped but otherwise quite like theLunar Module. As it was considered that the cabin would have to rotate, BIS member Ralph A. Smith, who helped re-establish the society post-WW2, invented the first instrument forspace travel: the Coelostat, anavigation mechanism that would ingeniously cancel out the rotating view. R.A. Smith and Harry Ross were the aerospace visionaries named on the original patent. Smith also authored and illustrated the 1947 book 'The Exploration of the Moon' showing the first ever conceptual 'orbital satellite' (text by Arthur C. Clarke), which is said to have inspired bothJohn F. Kennedy andStanley Kubrick.[3]
In a November 1949 conference in the BIS, Harry Ross presented a paper on a concept of a Lunar spacesuit. In the paper, Ross had examined the problem of a 68 kg lunar space suit which could be worn for up to 12 hours, within the temperature range of +120 °C to -150 °C.[4]
In 1946, the BIS started a programme known asMegaroc. The purpose of the programme was to develop aSub-orbital spaceflight that could provide crewed ascents to a maximum of 1 million feet (304 km). The craft was made by enlarging and re-designing aV-2 rocket after it was noted by H.E. Ross in 1946 that the V-2 rocket was "nearly big enough to carry a man." The project was noted to be 10 years ahead of its time by NASA engineers who reviewed it. The same NASA engineers predicted the rocket would have been capable of first achieving a crewed suborbital flight between 1949 and 1951, and capable of sending people to space reliably by 1951.[5][6]
During the secondInternational Astronautical Congress, held in London in 1951, the BIS was one of 13 national space societies who together founded theInternational Astronautical Federation. The other founding members no longer exist as national societies, leaving only the BIS.[7][8]
In 1978, the society published astarship study calledProject Daedalus, which was a detailed feasibility study for a simple uncrewed interstellar flyby mission toBarnard's Star using present-day technology and a reasonable extrapolation of near-future capabilities. Daedalus was to have used a pellet driven nuclear-pulsefusion rocket to accelerate to 12 per cent of thespeed of light.
The latest in this series of far-reaching studies produced theProject Boreas report, which designed a crewed station for the Martian North Pole. The report was short-listed for the 2007Sir Arthur Clarke Awards in the category of Best Written Presentation.
The BIS publishes the academic journalJournal of the British Interplanetary Society and the monthly magazineSpaceflight. In 2008, the BIS publishedInterplanetary, a history of the society to date.[9]
The science and science fiction writer SirArthur C. Clarke was a well-known former chairman of the British Interplanetary Society. The society was presented with the first Special Award, from the 2005Sir Arthur Clarke Awards. This was a gift of Clarke's choice, independent of the judging panel. In 2008 the society's magazine,Spaceflight, edited by Clive Simpson, was the winner of the award for Best Space Reporting.
Charles Chilton joined the society before writing and producing the science-fiction radio trilogyJourney Into Space.[10]
TheSir Patrick Moore Medal was made possible by long-time Fellow of the BIS, SirPatrick Moore, to recognise outstanding contributions to the society.
TheBritish Interplanetary Society UK-Born Astronaut Silver Pin Award was introduced in 2009, this BIS silver pin award recognises the achievement of UK-born individuals who have undertaken a spaceflight into full Earth orbit.
TheRising Star Awards were founded in 2021 by BIS Fellows, Vix Southgate and Alan Bond and run by the BIS NextGen Network. In 2021, the RSA awards celebrated 'Women in Space', to coincided with the World Space Week theme of the same year. The five winners were presented with BIS Silver Comet Brooches and certificates.
The British Interplanetary Society, collaborates and coordinates at a national and international level to promote space and astronautics.
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In 2020, the British Interplanetary Society website was redesigned and updated with a new-look logo, with a streamlined sans-serif version of the original 'Stag' font and both the banner and medallion designs incorporating the BIS motto 'From Imagination To Reality'.
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