From September 1943 to February 1944, Brindisi was the provisional government seat of theKingdom of Italy, meaning that the city has been one of the 5 capitals in the history of Italy.
The nameBrindisi derives from the LatinBrundisium, which itself comes through the GreekBrentesion from theMessapicBrention, meaning "head of a deer". This likely refers to the shape of the natural harbour, which resembles the head or antlers of a deer.
The root is related to theAlbanian wordsbri,brî (plural:brini,brirë,brinë), meaning "horn" or "antler", from lateProto-Albanian *brina < earlier *brena.[5][6]
Theemblem of the city of Brindisi relates to certain unique characteristics of the ancient city of Brindisi, some of which are still visible today. The head of the deer derives from theMessapic name of the cityBrention, a name inspired by the shape of the port city, which is reminiscent of the stag antlers. The emblem also contains the so-called "terminal pillar" of theAppian Way.
Several traditions concern its founders; one claims it was founded by the legendary heroDiomedes. The geographerStrabo says that it was colonized fromKnossos inCrete.[7]
Brindisi was originally aMessapian settlement predating theRoman expansion. The Latin nameBrundisium, through the GreekBrentesion, is a corruption of the MessapianBrention meaning "deer's head" and probably referring to the shape of the natural harbour. According to other sources, in 267 BC (245 BC), it was conquered by the Romans and became a Latin colony.[8] The peninsula of the Punta lands, which is located in the outer harbor, has been identified as aBronze Age village (16th century BC) where a group of huts, protected by a barrier of stones, yielded fragments ofMycenaean pottery.Herodotus spoke of the Mycenaean origin of these populations. Thenecropolis of Tor Pisana (south of the old town of Brindisi) returnedCorinthian jars in the first half of the 7th century BC. The BrindisiMessapia certainly entertained strong business relationships with the opposite side of the Adriatic and the Greek populations of theAegean Sea.
After thePunic Wars, it became a major center of Roman naval power and maritime trade. In theSocial War, it received Roman citizenship and was made a free port bySulla. It suffered, however, from a siege conducted byCaesar in 49 BC, part ofCaesar's Civil War (Bell. Civ. i.) and was again attacked in 42 and 40 BC, with the latter giving rise to theTreaty of Brundisium betweenOctavian,Mark Antony andLepidus in the autumn of the same year.
The poetPacuvius was born here about 220 BC, and here the famous poetVirgil died in 19 BC. Under the Romans, Brundisium – a large city in its day with some 100,000 inhabitants – was an active port, the chief point of embarkation forGreece and the East, viaDyrrachium orCorcyra. It was connected with Rome by theVia Appia and theVia Traiana. The termination of the Via Appia, at the water's edge, was formerly flanked by two fine pillars. Only one remains, the second being misappropriated and removed to the neighbouring town ofLecce.
Later, Brindisi was conquered by theOstrogoths and reconquered by theByzantine Empire in the 6th century AD. In 674, it was destroyed by theLombards led byRomuald I of Benevento, but such a fine natural harbor meant that the city was soon rebuilt. In the 9th century, a Saracen settlement existed in the city's neighborhood, stormed in 836 by pirates.
In 1070, it was conquered by the Normans and became part of thePrincipality of Taranto and theDuchy of Apulia, and was the first rule[clarification needed] of the Counts ofConversano. After the baronial revolt of 1132, owned[clarification needed] by the will ofRoger II of Sicily, the city recovered some of the splendor of the past during the period of theCrusades, when it regained theEpiscopal See, saw the construction ofthe new cathedral and a castle with an essential new arsenal, and became a privileged port for theHoly Land. In 1156, a siege of Brindisi by theByzantine Empire ended ina battle in which the besiegers were decisively defeated by the Sicilian Normans, ending the Byzantines' hopes of conquering Southern Italy.
It was in the cathedral of Brindisi that the wedding of KingRoger III of Sicily took place.Emperor Frederick II married QueenIsabella II of Jerusalem on 9 November 1225 here[9] and started from the port of Brindisi in 1227 for theSixth Crusade.[10] Frederick II erected a castle, with massive round towers, to guard the inner harbour; it later became a convict prison.[11] Like other Pugliese ports, Brindisi, for a short while, was ruled byVenice, but was soon reconquered by Spain.
A plague devastated Brindisi in 1348; it was plundered in 1352 and 1383; and an earthquake struck the city in1456.[11]
Brindisi fell toAustrian rule in 1707–1734 and afterward to theBourbons.
Between September 1943 and February 1944, the city functioned as Italy's temporary government seat and hosted KingVictor Emmanuel III,Pietro Badoglio, and a part of the Italian armed forces command in September 1943 after thearmistice with Italy.
In the 21st century, Brindisi is the home base of theSan Marco Regiment, a marine brigade originally known as the La Marina Regiment. It was renamed San Marco after its noted defense of Venice at the start ofWorld War I.[12]
On 19 May 2012, a bomb made of three gas cylinders,detonated in front of a vocational school in Brindisi, killing a 16-year-old female student.[13][14]
Brindisi is situated on a natural harbour, that penetrates deeply into the Adriatic coast of Apulia. Within the arms of the outer harbour islands are Pedagne, a tinyarchipelago, currently not open and in use for military purposes (United Nations Group Schools used it during the intervention inBosnia). The entire municipality is part of the Brindisi Plain, characterised by high agricultural uses of its land. It is located in the northeastern part of the Salento plains, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) from theItria Valley and the low Murge. The Natural Marine Reserve of theWorld Wide Fund for Nature of Torre Guaceto is close to the city. TheIonian Sea is about 45 kilometres (28 mi) away.
The territory of Brindisi is characterised by a wide flat area from which emerge sub-deposits oflimestone and sand of marine origin, which in turn have a deeper levelclay of thePleistocene era and an even laterMesozoiccarbonate composed of limestone and soils. The development of agriculture has caused an increase in the use of water resources, increasing indiscriminate use.[15]
Brindisi experiences aMediterranean climate (Köppen:Csa). Summers are hot and dry with abundant sunshine. Summer heat indexes can be regularly over 30 °C (86 °F) and occasionally as high as 37 °C (99 °F) during July and August. Winters are mild with moderate rainfall. Brindisi and the mostly topographically flat Salento peninsula are subject to light winds most of the year. The two main winds inSalento are the Maestral and the Scirocco. The northerly Maestral wind from the Adriatic Sea is cooling, moderating summer heat and increasing winter wind chill. The southerly Scirocco wind from the Sahara brings higher temperatures and humidity to Salento. During spring and autumn, Sirocco winds can bring thunderstorms, occasionally dropping red sand from the Sahara in the region. Snow is rare in Brindisi but occurred during the January 2017 cold spell, bringing snow and ice to much of southern Italy.
Climate data for Brindisi, elevation: 15 m or 49 ft, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1932–present
Brindisi CathedralChurch of San Giovanni al SepolcroBell tower of the church of San Benedetto.Church of Santa Maria del Casale.
TheCastello Svevo orCastello Grande ("Hohenstaufen Castle" or "Large Castle"), built byEmperor Frederick II. It has atrapezoid plan with massive square towers. Under theCrown of Aragon four towers were added to the original 13th-century structure. After centuries of being abandoned, in 1813Joachim Murat turned it into a prison; after 1909 it was used by theItalian Navy. DuringWorld War II it was briefly the residence of KingVictor Emmanuel III.
TheAragonese Castle, best known asForte a Mare ("Sea Fort"). It was built by KingFerdinand I of Naples in 1491 on the S. Andrea island facing the port. It is divided into two sections: the "Red Castle" (from the color of its bricks) and the more recent Fort.
Two ancient Roman pillars, symbols of Brindisi. They were once thought to mark the ending points of theAppian Way, instead they were used as a port reference for the antique mariners. Only one of the two, standing at 18.74 metres (61.5 ft), is still visible. The other crumbled in 1582, and the ruins were given toLecce to hold the statue of Saint Oronzo (Lecce's patron), because Saint Oronzo was reputed to have cured the plague in Brindisi.
theDuomo (cathedral), built inRomanesque style in the 11th–12th centuries. What is visible today is the 18th-century reconstruction, after the original was destroyed by an earthquake on 20 February 1743. Parts of the original mosaic pavement can be seen in the interior.
Church ofSanta Maria del Casale (late 13th century), in Gothic-Romanesque style. The façade has a geometrical pattern of grey and yellow stones, with an entrance cusp-covered portico. The interior has early-14th-century frescoes including, in the counter-façade, aLast Judgement in four sections, by Rinaldo da Taranto. They are in late-Byzantine style.
Church of San Benedetto, in Romanesque style. Perhaps built before the 11th century as part of a Benedictine nunnery, it has a massive bell tower with triple-mullioned windows andLombard bands. A side portal is decorated with 11th-century motifs, while the interior has a nave covered by cross vaults, while the aisles, separated by columns with Romanesque capitals, have half-barrel vaults. The cloister (11th century) has decorated capitals.
Portico of the Templars (13th century). Despite the name, it was in reality theloggia of the bishop's palace. It is now the entrance to the Museo Ribezzo.
theFontana Grande (Grand Fountain), built by the Romans on the Appian Way. It was restored in 1192 byTancred of Lecce.
Piazza della Vittoria (Victory Square). It has a 17th-century fountain.
Church ofSanta Maria degli Angeli (1609).
Church of the Sacred Heart.
Church ofSan Giovanni al Sepolcro, with circular plan, dating from the 12th century.
Church of theSantissima Trinità (orSanta Lucia, 14th century). It has a late 12th-centurycrypt.
Within the territory of the town of Brindisi environmental protected areas are located, some newly established:
The Regional Natural Park of Punta della Contessa Salt:wetland of 87 hectares (214 acres) between Capo di Torre Cavallo and Punta della Contessa
The Regional Nature Reserve Forest Cerano: a protected natural area that falls within the territory of Brindisi andSan Pietro Vernotico;
The Regional Nature Reserve Bosco of Santa Teresa and Lucci: it is a protected natural area composed of two forests whose name it bears. With theEU Directive 92/43 EEC, was included in the list ofSites of Community Importance (SCI) ;
The Marine Nature Reserve Guaceto Tower: falling mostly in the municipality ofCarovigno, are managed by a consortium which includes the municipalities of Brindisi, Carovigno and theWWF.
The largest non-Italian ethnic community is Albanian. The number of those who decided to stay in the city, however, is negligible in light of the number of immigrants who migrated. Brindisi remains the first step towards western Europe for displaced people from the Balkans.[18]
The large number ofAmericans is largely due to aU.S. Air Force station, between Brindisi andSan Vito dei Normanni that operated throughout the second half of the 20th century. Although the base is no longer operational, many soldiers have decided to stay.[18]
The British presence is the result of a recent phenomenon of families from Northern Europe, especially English and Irish, settling in the region. Many such settlers are pensioners, buying villas in the Brindisi countryside. This phenomenon is relatively recent in Apulia, known as "Salentoshire", a playful neologism along the lines of "Chiantishire" on the consolidation of British tourism inTuscany.[18]
Brindisi has been the subject of extensive emigration during the 20th century, as well as all cities in the South. Emigration focused mainly on the lower strata of society who abandoned the countryside. Emigration can be traced in two great waves. The first, which was at its peak in the years immediately before and after theFirst World War, was almost exclusively to the Americas (and mostly to the United States,Argentina, andBrazil). The second wave of migrants from Apulia headed instead for Northern Europe after theSecond World War. Attracted by the industrial development of some northern areas of the country, many Apulian migrants also settled in thePiedmont andLombardy regions of northern Italy, and particularly inMilan. Since the 1960s, when the largepetrochemical companies were joined by mechanical, naval, and aviation corporations, Brindisi was able to create employment opportunities for technicians and workers. The city experienced a small regional immigration, attracting families from neighboring provinces and regions.
Another important chapter in thedemography of the town was the exodus of people fromAlbania in 1990–1991, which lasted almost a decade and led to the port of Brindisi receiving waves of Albanian immigrants.[19]
The Brindisi dialect is a variant ofSalentino and, although there are minor differences between the various municipalities, the root remains unchanged. It is spoken not only in Brindisi, but in some towns of the province ofTaranto. The Brindisi also affects some dialects north ofLecce in the south[20]
Brindisi, along withOstuni, is home of theArchdiocese of Brindisi-Ostuni (Archidioecesis Brundusina-Ostunensis in Latin), home of theCatholic Churchsuffragan ofArchdiocese of Lecce and part of the ecclesiastical region of Apulia.[21] The diocese was erected in the 4th century, its first bishop wasSt. Leucio of Alexandria. In the 9th century following the destruction of the city by theSaracens, the bishops established their residence inOria. The bishopTheodosius was successful in recovering the relics of St Leucio at the end of the 9th and keeping them in a basilica he built on top of themartyrium of the saint.[22] It was in the 10th century that established the Diocese of Ostuni, first joined the Diocese ofConversano-Monopoli and likely heir to the ancient diocese ofEgnatia.
On 30 September 1986, by decree of theCongregation for Bishops, the Archdiocese of Brindisi and Ostuni diocese were united in the Archdiocese of Brindisi-Ostuni plena. The new diocese was recognized civilly 20 October 1986, by decree of the Ministry of Interior.Brindisi contains anEastern Orthodox Church parish, St. Nicholas of MyraByzantine Rite. The rite of the Greek presence in Brindisi has long been established since the rule of theByzantine Empire with a strong spread of theBasilian monks.[23]TheJews were a small but industrious community from 53 AD until the second half of the 16th century. The new Albanian migration has led to the recurrence of some Islamic religious presence.
Significant in Brindisi is the cult of Tarantismo that combinespagan and Christian tradition. In the past it was believed that women who showed forms ofhysteria were infected by the bite of aLycosa tarantula. The only known remedy was to dance continuously for days, so that the poison did not cause greater effect. Through music and dance was created a realexorcism in musical character. Each time a tarantato exhibited symptoms associated with Taranto, thetambourine,fiddle,mandolin, guitar andaccordion players went in the house of the tarantato and began to play the pinch music with frenetic rhythms. The Brindisi pinch, as opposed to Lecce, is devoid of Christian references[24] and a therapeutic repertoire and musical detail.[25]
The Provincial Library is a public library located in Commenda avenue. It has over 100,000 books and an extensive newspaper archive and participates in the National Library Service. Inside a modern auditorium, a media office and the secretariats of the university offices ofBari andLecce operate. The Archbishop Annibale De Leo Library is a prestigious public library housed in the Seminary of Brindisi, in Piazza Duomo. Founded in 1798 by archbishop of Brindisi Annibale De Leo, with an endowment of about 6,000 volumes, today it has over 20,000 volumes, 17incunable, over 200 16th-century manuscripts. These include some rare works, and various manuscript collections.[26]
International School of Brindisi
Schools
Brindisi has an American accredited school, the school is The International School of Brindisi (ISB) and is accredited. The school has students from pre-K through high school. The school is also a non-profit community supported school. AP and college classes are available for the high school students.
The "F. Ribezzo" Provincial Archaeological Museum is located in Piazza Duomo and has many large rooms, providing visitors with six sections:epigraphy, sculpture, the antiquarium, prehistoric, coins, medieval, modern and bronzes of Punta del Serrone. The Giovanni Tarantini Diocesan Museum is newly established and is housed in the Palazzo del Seminario. It has a collection of paintings, statues, ornaments and vestments from the churches of the diocese. Particularly important is the silver embossed Ark that has the remains ofSt Theodore of Amasea and a 7th-century pitcher, in which one can recognize thewedding at Cana. The Ethnic Salento Agrilandia Museum of Civilization offers tourists the chance to see many statues in wood and stone. It also features agriculture and interesting tools with the rural culture.[25]
Over the past decade the city has developed and consolidated non-amateur theater companies, some dealing with theater for research and actor training. These companies have developed several socio-cultural projects for the promotion of the theater for people with disabilities. The same group of companies has produced six shows.[25]
The municipal theatre is theTeatro Verdi (New Verdi Theatre). It is located in the historical center of the city, and opened in 2006. In 2022,Stefano Miceli was appointed chairman of the theatre foundation. Under his guidance, the theater debuted its resident orchestra named Orchestra del Nuovo Teatro Verdi and its first symphonic concert season. During the same year the tenorFabio Armiliato sang at the official inauguration of the first Verdi Gala at Nuovo Teatro Verdi, and new jazz and classical music festivals and international guests artists debuted at the theatre.
Franco Testini (Brindisi, 7 October 1966) also known asVenerable Shi Yanfan is the first Western Buddhist monk ever to be ordained at theSongshan Shaolin Temple of China. He is currently the appointed Cultural Ambassador for the Songshan Shaolin Temple.
Antonio Benarrivo (Brindisi, 21 August 1968) is a former soccer player who held the role of defender, starter for italy in the1994 World Cup final
Radio station CiccioRiccioBrindisi is heard throughout Apulia,Basilicata, parts ofMolise, Campania, andCalabria. Radio Dara that started in a workshop, founded in 1980, now broadcasts across the province.[28]
As for the press, theLa Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno publishes theBrindisi Journal. Salento's newspaper, theNuovo Quotidiano di Puglia also covers Brindisi.Senzacolonne, which was founded in 2004, is the only one with a central editorial office in Brindisi.[25]"The Nautilus" national scientific magazine based in Brindisi, reports on the sea, ports, transport and recreational boating. Other newspapers that have their headquarters in the city areBrindisiSera and "Brindisi News".
Brindisi's cuisine is simple with basic ingredients used, starting with flour or unrefinedbarley, which is less expensive than wheat. Vegetables,snails, andbluefish figure prominently in its cuisine.Among the recipes are "Pettole" (fried yeast dough, sweet or savory to taste stuffed maybe withcod oranchovy, withcauliflower orbroccoli), "Patani tajedda rice and mussels" (rice, potatoes andmussels), soup, fish, mashed potatoes withfava beans, broad beans and mussels, and "Racana mussels".[29]
Almond milk: made byinfusing water with the finely choppedalmonds and then squeezing the same to expel the "milk". The region of Apulia has entered the milk of almonds in its list of traditional Italian food products.Limoncello: aliquor made from the peel of fresh lemons and enriched with water, sugar and alcohol.[29]
Brindisi cheeses are mostly from sheep, due to the significant ranching of sheep and goats. In the summer they producericotta, which can be eaten fresh or matured for a few months so that it has a stronger flavor.
Frequent, in the Brindisi kitchen, is the use of green or white tomatoes: mainly used for tomato sauce but they are also consumed in olive oil, after a process of natural drying. Significant is also the consumption of green and blackolives, crushed or inbrine. Finally,legumes such as beans, peas andVicia faba, eaten fresh or dried in the spring and during the winter season.
Among the dishes prepared with fruit arequince, bakedfigs and dried figs (prepared with a filling of almonds),jam with orange and lemon, and fig jam.[29]
Pasta and bread is made with unrefined flour, and thus takes on a dark colour.Durum wheat is mixed with traditional meal. Special local dishes includelasagna with vegetables,cavatelli,orecchiette (stacchioddi in Brindisi dialect) andravioli stuffed with ricotta.
In breadmaking, local custom favours the use ofdurum wheat, bread flour and barley bread. For bread made with yeast (called criscituni) and cooked on an oven stone, Brindisi bakers use bundles of olive branches to give the bread a particular scent. One type of traditional bread is made with olives (called puccia). It is made with a much more refined wheat flour than for ordinary bread, to which are added black olives. A traditional focaccia from Brindisi is "puddica", made with simple ingredients—flour, water, yeast, olive oil—and topped with tomatoes, capers, and oregano.[30]
Also important arefrisella, a sort of dehydrated hard bread which can be stored for a long time, andtarallini, also easily stored for long periods. The pucce and uliate cakes are also typical. Among local desserts the central place is occupied byalmond paste, obtained by grinding shelled almonds and sugar. Another specialty is cartellate, a pastry, particularly prepared around Christmas, made of a thin strip of a dough made of flour, olive oil, and white wine that is wrapped upon itself, intentionally leaving cavities and openings, to form a sort of "rose" shape; the dough is then deep-fried, dried, and soaked in either lukewarmvincotto or honey.[29]
The Brindisi DOC produces both red androse wines from grapes limited to aharvest yield of 15 tonnes/ha and must produce a wine with a minimum 12%alcohol level. The wines are usually blends made predominantly from Negaroamaro and Malvasia Nera but Sangiovese is allowed to compose up to 10% of the blend withMontepulciano allowed to compose up to another 20% (or 30% if Sangiovese is not included). If it is to be aReserva, the wine is aged a minimum of 2 years before release and must attain a minimum alcohol level of 12.5%.[31]
From an urban point of view [58] [59], the city's earliest signs of human settlement are on the promontory of Punta Terre, a coastal area outside the port. As aRoman colony (244 BC), the city experienced a major urban expansion that ensued economic and social development. According toPliny the Elder, Brindisi was one of the most important Italian cities.
During theMiddle Ages, Brindisi suffered a sharp decline, after it was devastated by theGoths in the 6th century;Procopius describes it as a small city without defensive walls. The town shrank to a smaller area, probably around theSan Leucio temple, outside the old town. The port was abandoned for several centuries. The rebirth came with the Byzantine domination (11th century) and especially with theNormans and theSwabians (12th and 13th century), when it became a prime port for theCrusades. The city was divided into three districts or "pittachi": Santo Stefano (in the vicinity of the columns), Eufemia (in Santa Teresa) and San Toma (in the area of Saint Lucia). Under theAragonese and the Spanish kings, the main efforts were directed mainly around the ramparts (walls, castle and sea fort to provide relief from mostly the Greeks, Albanians and Slavs.[23]
Only through the reopening of the Pigott channel (1775), the city experienced a new impetus and reopened traffic with the East mainly due to the establishment of theSuez Canal at the end of the 19th century.[23]
Demographic development in the 20th century led to the modern city overlying the ancient one, at the cost of the demolition of the neighbourhoods around San Pietro degli Schiavoni, Teatro Verdi, and the Clock Tower. Today urban planning demands that settlements of significant architectural impact are built outside the city centre. The city has now expanded beyond the walls of the historic centre to form the new suburbs of Commando, Capuchins, Sant'Angelo (1950–1970) and St. Clare, St. Elias, and Bozzano (1980–2000).[23]
The development of industry led to radical changes in the Brindisi economy and consequent development along the coast. Taking advantage of the location of the port, Brindisi is also a major seaport forGreece andTurkey.
Brindisi agriculture includes horticulture,viticulture, fruit and olives. The area that marked the territory for centuries is based on the culture of almonds, olives, tobacco, artichokes, and grain. Livestock consists of cattle, goats and sheep.
The chemical industry, in its various forms (food processing, energy, and pharmaceutical) is highly developed in the territory of Brindisi. The Federchimica association recognizes Brindisi as an industrial chemical center.
The various establishments ofEni, located asPolimeri Europa,Snam andEniPower are placed in the petrochemical complex of Brindisi, on the outskirts of the city, overlooking the Adriatic Sea.
Brindisi is a leader in the production of electricity in Italy.[23]ENEL Federico II is a power plant on 4 sections divided by polycombustiblethermoelectric power of 660 MW each, came into service between 1991 and 1993. Edipower Brindisi, located in Costa Morena, in the industrial area of Brindisi. Central EniPower Brindisi is a combined cycle power plant EniPower, once completed, with an installed capacity of 1,170 megawatts, will be the most powerful among those of theEni Company.Regasification terminal at Brindisi, the construction of a regasification terminal by the company's "Brindisi LNG SpA. will heat the area of Porto Exterior, called Capobianco. The authorization process is currently in the process of completion of the national Environmental Impact Assessment, initiated by the company in January 2008.Photovoltaic system, the largest in Europe photovoltaic park (with power of 11 MWp), which should start operating in 2010, at the former petrochemical site. The industry group responsible for the construction will be joined by the University of Apulia.
TheAlenia Aeronautica plants (specialized in the modification of aircraft from passenger configuration to cargo) are located in Brindisi.Avio (center for military engines) and Agusta (production of helicopter metal structures) are also located there.
The city preserves important archaeological finds and coastline, particularly the north coast, where there are many large sand dunes and beaches. Inlandagritourism, displays wine (Wine Appia) or olive oil (Collina di Brindisi oil). Brindisi Tourism, however, remains heavily dependent on the Italian tourists (74%, compared with 26% of foreign demand) and is very seasonal.
Theport of Brindisi has always been at the center of trade with Greece. It is one of the most important commercial and industrial seaports on the Adriatic Sea. The trade is mostly in coal, fuel oil, natural gas, and chemicals.
The port consists of three parts:
The Outer Harbour: the limits of which are in the southern mainland, east of the Pedagne islands and west of the island from the pier in Costa
The port is formed by the average area of sea that is before the Pigott Channel, access to the inner harbor, the basin to the north as the Strait of Apulia.
The inner harbor is formed by two long wings that touch the heart of Brindisi both the north and east, they are the "bosom of the west" and "within the east."
Brindisi is home toPapola-Casale Airport located 6 kilometres (4 miles) outside the city's center. The airport of Brindisi has daily connections with major Italian and European cities. The airport serves the entire province of Brindisi and partly that of Taranto. In 2017, a total of 2,321,147 passengers passed through.
It has two runways, one northwest to southeast that is 3,330 metres (10,930 ft) long, and the other northeast to southwest that is 1,950 metres (6,400 ft) long. Their characteristics allow the landing of large transport aircraft such as theAntonov An-124 andBoeing 747.
This airport was originally established as a military airbase in the 1920s. As of 2008 it has officially changed its legal status into civilian airport, still maintaining the military facilities attached to it. These are identified as "Military AirportOrazio Pierozzi", named in memory of an Italian airman of theFirst World War.
The strategic position of the airport in the Mediterranean region, along with its natural potential for multi-modal (the port is a few kilometers away) operations, have made it a base of crucial importance for both national defense andNATO. For the same strategic reasons, in 1994 the airport was chosen as the main worldwide logistics base by the United Nations to support its peacekeeping and peace enforcement operations around the globe, which was since then hosted inPisa Military Airport "San Giusto". In 2000, also the United Nations humanitarian supply depot moved from Pisa to Brindisi. It has since then been managed by theWorld Food Programme and officially known as theUnited Nations Humanitarian Response Depot (UNHRD). On behalf of governments, other UN agencies andNGOs, from UNHRD Brindisi humanitarian aid is directed to the most remote and devastated regions around the world.
The Public Transport Company of Brindisi provides public transport in the city, and is the link with the other municipalities in the province. Moreover, the company provides transport service by sea into inland waters of the port of Brindisi. Brindisi is also a major ferry port, with routes to Greece and elsewhere.[32]
Brindisi 1912 has played in six championship series. Their football strip colours recall those of the province, white and blue. The club plays in the stadium named after the president of the historical association on the Adriatic shore, Commander Franco Fanuzzi Stadium. ASD Appia Brindisi plays in the Regional Championship of the "First Category".
The main basketball team in the city and in the wider region of Apulia isNew Basket Brindisi, which has played for basketball championships in the top of A1 championships in League 2. Their colours are the same as that of all sports associations in the city, white and blue. The club plays their home games in the sports hall "Elio Pentassuglia".
^Alessio, Giovanni (1955). "Sul nome di Brindisi". Archivio Storico Pugliese VIII (3): 211–238.
^"CHAPTER III. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ALBANIA AND OF ALBANIAN",Selection among Alternates in Language Standardization, DE GRUYTER MOUTON, 1976,doi:10.1515/9783110815931.31,ISBN9783110815931
^Spizzico Michele, Nicola Lopez, Donato Sciannamblo, Roccaldo Tinelli. "The Plains of Brindisi: phenomena of interaction between groundwater aquifers in the area." From the "Journal of Applied Geology 3" 2006.
^Preradovic´, Dubraka (2021). "Donato di Zara, Teodosio di Oria ele traslazioni delle reliquie nelle città bizantine dell'Adriaticonel IX secolo".Bisanzio sulle due sponde del Canale d'Otranto. Spoleto: Fondazione Centro italiano di studi sull'alto Medioevo. pp. 100–111.ISBN978-88-6809-355-6. Retrieved20 January 2024.
^abcdeAlessio, Giovanni (1955). Sul nome di Brindisi
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