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Research indicates that 44% of Brazilians have two religions.[1] Official data from the Brazilian census indicate that 1,011,507 Brazilians have two religions or follow a syncretic religion.[2] Because to miscegenation it is common for a person to have a father of one race and religion and a mother of another race and another religion, naturally that person can adopt the two beliefs or follow a religion that mixes the two beliefs.[3]
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ManyAfro-Brazilian religions are calledMacumba,[4] but generally macumba is a vague word for any religion from Africa.[5]Tambor de Mina is a highly syncretic religious tradition, combining cultural elements ofcolonial Brazil andPortuguese culture with elements of the religious culture of the first Brazilian African slaves.[6]Candomblé is anAfro-Brazilian religion that mixes African beliefs with Catholic art and visuals. Many criticize that candomble is considered asyncretic religion, arguing thatslaves needed to adoptCatholic elements so as not to be reprimanded by slave owners.[7]
Santo Daime, is a religion founded byRaimundo Irineu Serra known as Mestre Irineu, Raimundo was a Catholic who served as a soldier in theBrazilian Amazon, during that period he had contact with indigenous cults involving the sacredayahuasca plant, used by the natives of the Brazilian Amazon.[8] Santo Daime is a religion that mixesMarianism withnative Brazilian beliefs. Daime is an abbreviation of the Portuguese phrase 'give me love' (Dai-me Amor).[9] The Santo Daime religion has managed to reach other countries, it is possible to consider that it is aworld religion.[10]Umbanda is aKardecist Spiritism,Afro-Brazilian andBrazilian Shamanist religion, it emerged after a KardecistmediumZélio Fernandino de Moraes came to accept the spirits of Natives and Blacks,[11] Umbanda broke with traditionalspiritism.[12]
Pentecostalism in Brazil has ritualistic characteristics of Afro-Brazilian religions,[13] it is also very popular among black Brazilians, althoughPentecostals deny that there is a syncretism between criticism and Afro-Brazilian religions.[14] One of the most popular Pentecostal churches in Brazil, theIURD (Igrja Universal do Reino de Deus), has an open relationship of syncretism withJudaism.[15] Brazilian Jewish authorities reject this syncretism.[16]
