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Brandon Lee

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American actor and martial artist (1965–1993)
This article is about the actor. For other uses, seeBrandon Lee (disambiguation).
Brandon Lee
李國豪
Lee in 1991
Born
Brandon Bruce Lee

(1965-02-01)February 1, 1965
DiedMarch 31, 1993(1993-03-31) (aged 28)
Burial placeLake View Cemetery, Seattle, Washington, U.S.
Alma materLee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute,Emerson College
Occupations
Years active1985–1993
Partner(s)Eliza Hutton
(1990–1993; his death)
Parents
Relatives
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese李國豪
Simplified Chinese李国豪
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinLǐ Guóháo
Yue: Cantonese
JyutpingLei Gwok-hou
Signature

Brandon Bruce Lee (February 1, 1965 – March 31, 1993) was an Americanactor. Establishing himself as a rising action star in the early 1990s, he landed what was to be his breakthrough role asEric Draven in the supernatural superhero filmThe Crow (1994). However, Lee's career and life were cut short by his accidental death during the film's production.

Lee was the son of martial artist and film starBruce Lee, who died when Brandon was eight years old. Lee, who followed in his father's footsteps, trained in martial arts, includingJeet Kun Do,Wing Chun,Eskrima,Silat, andMuay Thai, and studied acting atEmerson College and theLee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute. He started his career with leading roles in theHong Kong action filmLegacy of Rage (1986), and the straight-to-videoLaser Mission (1989), which was a financial success on home video. Lee also appeared in two spin-offs of the 1970s seriesKung Fu, the television filmKung Fu: The Movie (1986) and thepilotKung Fu: The Next Generation (1987).

Transitioning to Hollywood productions, Lee first starred in theWarner Brosbuddy cop filmShowdown in Little Tokyo (1991), co-starringDolph Lundgren. While it did not do well with audiences and critics upon its release, it later became acult film. This was followed by a leading role inRapid Fire (1992), produced by20th Century Fox. Lee, alongsideJeff Imada, is also credited for the fight choreography, which contained elements of Jeet Kune Do. Though the film was not well-received, critics praised Lee's onscreen presence.

After being cast to headlineThe Crow, Lee had filmed nearly all of his scenes when he was fatally wounded on set by aprop gun. Lee posthumously received praise for his performance, while the film became a critical and commercial success. His career has drawn parallels with his father’s, both men having died young prior to the release of their breakthrough films.

Early life

[edit]
Brandon and his father around 1966

Brandon was born on February 1, 1965, at East Oakland Hospital inOakland, California,[1] the son of martial artist and actorBruce Lee (1940–1973) andLinda Lee Cadwell (née Emery).[2][3] From a young age, Lee learnedmartial arts from his father, who was a well known practitioner and amartial arts movie star. Lee said the family lived betweenHong Kong and the United States, due to his father's career. While visiting his father's sets, Lee became interested in acting. Lee's father died suddenly in 1973, leaving a legacy that made him an icon of martial arts and cinema.[4]Grace Ho (Lee's grandmother) said that by the age of 5, he could kick through an inch board.[5]

Afterwards, Lee's family moved back toCalifornia. Lee began studying withDan Inosanto, one of his father's students, when he was 9.[6] Later in his youth, Lee also trained withRichard Bustillo[7] andJeff Imada. Imada said that when Lee was in his teens, he struggled with his identity, and having to train in dojos which included large photos of his father troubled him. According to Imada, this led Lee to leave martial arts in favor ofsoccer. Both would reconnect later in their film careers, with Imada working as stunt and fight coordinator in several of Lee's upcoming films. Meanwhile, Lee was a rebellious high school student. In 1983, four months prior to his graduation, Lee was asked to leave theChadwick School for misbehavior. That year Lee received hisGED fromMiraleste High School.[8]

Lee pursued his studies in New York City, where he took acting lessons at theLee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute. Lee went on toEmerson College inBoston, Massachusetts, where he majored in theater. During this time, Lee appeared in several stage productions.[4] He was part of the Eric Morris American New Theatre, with them he acted inJohn Lee Hancock's playFull Fed Beast.[8]

Career

[edit]

1985 to 1990: Early roles

[edit]

Lee returned to Los Angeles in 1985 and worked as ascript reader. During this period, he was approached bycasting directorLynn Stalmaster and successfully auditioned for his first credited acting role inKung Fu: The Movie.[9] It was a feature-lengthtelevision movie that was a follow-up to the 1970s television seriesKung Fu, withDavid Carradine returning as the lead.[10] On set Lee reconnected with his former instructor Jeff Imada who worked in the stunt department. Imada said Lee had to be talked into accepting the role, since the martial arts nature of the film did not appeal to Lee, who avoided any connection with his father's genre of film.[11] In the film, the character ofKwai Chang Caine (Carradine) has a conflict with his illegitimate son (Lee).[12]Kung Fu: The Movie first aired onABC on February 1, 1986.[13] Lee said that he felt there was some justice in being cast for this role in his first feature, since the TV show's pilot had been conceived for his father.[4]

That year saw the release ofRonny Yu's Hong Kong action crime thrillerLegacy of Rage. This was Lee's first leading film role.[14] Yu said that Lee and him did not get along during shooting.[15] In the film, Lee plays a young man blamed for a crime he did not commit.[16] It was the only film Lee made in Hong Kong, and inCantonese. Lee was nominated for aHong Kong Film Award forBest New Performer in this role.[17] The film was a critical success at the 1987Cannes Film Festival, and was a commercial success in Japan.[18]

In 1987, Lee starred in another spin-off ofKung Fu, the unsoldtelevision pilotKung Fu: The Next Generation.[19] On June 19, it aired onCBS Summer Playhouse, a program that specialized in rejected pilots and allowed the audience to call in to vote for a show to be picked up as a series.[20] The plot centered on the grandson and great-grandson (Lee) of the main character from the original series. The pilot was poorly received and not picked up as a series.[21][22]

In 1988, Lee had a role in "What's In a Name", an episode of the Americantelevision seriesOhara, starringPat Morita,[23] He portrayed the main villain, the son of ayakuza. Jeff Imada, who worked as stunt coordinator, said that Lee was recommended not to do the role due to the nature of the character. However, Lee saw it as a chance to expand his acting range, and took the role.[11]

In 1990,Laser Mission was released.[24] Filmed inNamibia,[25] Lee stars asmercenary on a mission.[26] Distributed byTurner Home Entertainment, it was a commercial success on home video.[27] The film was generally panned by critics, although a few considered it an amusing actionB movie.[28][29][30]

In the 1980s, Lee started to train again withDan Inosanto.[31] Inosanto said that Lee would bring a camera to the training facilities to see which techniques looked good on screen.[6] Also around this time,Margaret Loesch,Marvel's CEO from 1984 to 1990,[32] had a meeting with Lee and his mother through comic book writerStan Lee (no relation). Stan Lee felt that Brandon would be ideal in the role of super-heroShang-Chi in a film or television adaptation.[33]

1991 to 1993: Hollywood breakthrough

[edit]

In April 1991, Lee was inUniversal Pictures' list of contenders to play his father in the biopicDragon: The Bruce Lee Story (1993).[34] He turned the role down, finding it awkward to play his father, and too strange to approach the romance between his parents.[35] Also, producerRaffaella De Laurentiis said he did not look Chinese enough and that she would have refused to work on the project if they had to resort to making Brandon appear more Asian.[36] The role went toJason Scott Lee (no relation), who said he was initially intimidated by his role asBruce Lee but that he overcame his fear after speaking to Brandon. According to Jason, Brandon told him the following in regards to the role: "He said I wouldn't survive in this part if I treated his father like a god. He said his father was, after all, a man who had a profound destiny, but he was not a god. He was a man who had a temper, a lot of anger, who found mediocrity offensive. Sometimes he was rather merciless." DirectorRob Cohen said he spent hours talking to Brandon during preparations.[37]

Toshishiro Obata and Brandon Lee on the set ofShowdown in Little Tokyo, 1991

On August 23, 1991,Mark L. Lester'sShowdown in Little Tokyo premiered, whichWarner Bros. produced and distributed. Lee starred oppositeDolph Lundgren in thebuddy cop action film. Lee secured his role on October 13, 1990, to make his American feature debut. It was meant to start shooting after his casting but was delayed until the following January.[38] In the film, Lee and Lundgren play cops who are partnered to investigate yakuza.[39] In the US, the domestic gross was $2,275,557.[40] The movie faced largely negative reviews;[41][42][43] retrospectively, however, some critics find it entertaining for its genre.[44][45][46]

While visitingSweden, Lee was among the cameos in thelocally made genre filmSex, Lögner och Videovåld (2002),[47] filmed between 1990 and 1993. The film was completed in 2000.[48]

Lee's next film was20th Century Fox'sRapid Fire, which premiered on August 22, 1992, and was directed byDwight H. Little.[49] Lee plays a student named Jake Lo who witnesses a murder and is put in a witness protection program.[50] The film came about when producerRobert Lawrence started working with Lee and noticed his potential to be an action leading man in Hollywood after screening Lee's earlier projectLegacy of Rage.[51] Lee was involved with the story development, and connected with the plot point where his character loses his father.[49]Jeff Imada, the film's stunt coordinator, witnessed Lee bringing a book of work by his father to emotionally prepare himself in the scene where the character loses his dad. Imada also said Lee put on muscle for the role.[52] Lee and Imada are credited for the fight choreography,[49] the fighting style contain elements of Lee father'sJeet Kune Do.[53] Lee was allowed to add some touches of his own humor to the script. On playing the character of Jake Lo, Lee said "I always saw that character as not being gung-ho to get himself involved in those situations. I wanted to keep that throughout the film, that sarcastic edge. So he's not just becoming Joe Action Hero."[4] In the US, the film is debuted at No.3 at the box office,[54] making $4,815,850. After its 19 weeks run in cinemas, it made a total of $14,356,479.[55] Most critics did not like the film, but many of them found Lee charismatic.[56][57][58] A minority of critics foundRapid Fire to be slick, well acted, and a serviceable action film.[59][60][61] Also that year, it was reported that Lee signed a three-picture deal with 20th Century Fox and a multi-picture deal withCarolco Pictures.[4] That year, according to John Lee Hancock, Lee read the first draft ofThe Little Things (2021), and was interested to act in it.[62]

In the fall, while doing publicity forRapid Fire, Lee landed the lead role inAlex Proyas'The Crow, an adaptation of acomic book by the same name.[63] It tells the story ofEric Draven (Lee), a rock musician raised from the dead by a supernatural crow to avenge his own death as well as the rape and murder of his fiancée by a dangerous gang in his city.[64] According to producerJeff Most, Lee had good insight on the character and liked the lyrical lines within the script, but did not want the dialogue to spread aimlessly.[clarification needed] Hence, Lee focused on the brevity and rhythm of the lines of dialogue to make the character threatening. In preparation for the fight sequence, Most said that director Proyas and Lee studied martial arts movies. Also according to Most, Lee did not want metaphysical characters besides his own in the film.[65] Costumer Roberta Bile said that Lee modelled Draven after singerChris Robinson.[66] Lee convinced the team to hire Jeff Imada who became the stunt coordinator;[67] he and Imada oversaw the fight choreography.[68]

Imada and Lee agreed that the character of Eric Draven would not do conventional martial arts moves; his movements would be unique. He is a character without formal martial arts training who was given supernatural abilities upon resurrection. With this in mind, they added aerobics to Draven's fighting style. Both Imada and Most said Lee was pleased to incorporate his martial arts to the design of the character, without it being part of the story.[69] Imada said that in order to look like a rocker and not an action hero, Lee went on a strict diet weeks before shooting in order to remove a lot of bulk, and would even weigh the food he ate. Lee also focused on cardiovascular exercise with a stairmaster, did repetitions on lighter weights to elongate and stretch his muscles, and did aerobics to lose body fat rapidly.[66] During pre-production, Imada said that in order to get into character for the resurrection, Lee bought bags of ice in which he submerged himself, because Lee hypothesized that the feeling of resurrection must be freezing cold. The resurrection scene was shot the first night of production, during the winter. Imada was surprised that Lee requested the bags of ice because of the weather, and the fact that he was already barefoot and bare-naked.[70] Key hairstylist Michelle Johnson[71] said that in rain scenes Lee would soak himself prior to filming the scenes, where he would act without a shirt in cold weather. The film crew was impressed with his performance and dedication.[72]

On March 31, 1993, while filmingThe Crow, Lee suffered a fatal gunshot wound to the abdomen on set. A.44 Magnum revolver loaded withblanks was pointed at him and fired as part of a scene, but the props staff had not checked the gun to ensure that it was safe to use. The projectile from a live round had become wedged in the barrel some time earlier; when the blank was fired, it generated enough force to push the projectile out at lethal velocity.[73]

1993 to present: Posthumous success

[edit]

After Lee's death in 1993, his fiancée Eliza Hutton and hismother supported director Proyas' decision to completeThe Crow.[74] At the time of Lee's death, only eight days were left before completion of the movie.[73] A majority of the film had already been completed with Lee, and he was only required to shoot scenes for three more days. To complete the film,stunt doublesChad Stahelski and Jeff Cadiente served as stand-ins;special effects were used to give them Lee's face.[75] Lee's on-set death paved the way for deceased actors to complete or have new performances, since pioneering CGI techniques were used to completeThe Crow.[76] A month later, it was reported that Lee's previous filmsLaser Mission,Showdown in Little Tokyo, andRapid Fire saw a surge in video sales.[77] On April 28,Dragon: The Bruce Lee Story premiered at theMann's Chinese Theatre inHollywood. The film is dedicated to Brandon with the quote: "The key to immortality is first living a life worth remembering." The event was considered a celebration of both Brandon and his fatherBruce.[34] Brandon's mother Linda and sisterShannon attended the premiere. Linda found the film to be excellent and a great tribute to her whole family.[78]

In 1994,The Crow opened at number one in the United States in 1,573 theaters grossing $11.7 million, averaging $7,485 per theater.[79] The film ultimately grossed $50.7 million, above its $23 million budget, 24th amongall films released in the U.S. that year and 10th amongR-rated films released that year. It was the most successful film of Lee's career, and is considered acult classic.[80][81][82] The film is dedicated to him and his fiancée Eliza Hutton.[64]The Crow has an approval rating of 82 percent onRotten Tomatoes based on 55 reviews; critical consensus there is: "Filled with style and dark, lurid energy,The Crow is an action-packed visual feast that also has a soul in the performance of the late Brandon Lee."[83]The Crow has a score of 71 out of 100 onMetacritic based on 14 critics, indicating "Generally favorable reviews".[84] Reviewers praised the action and visual style.[85][86]Rolling Stone called it a "dazzling fever dream of a movie";Caryn James, writing forThe New York Times, called it "a genre film of a high order, stylish and smooth";Roger Ebert called it "a stunning work of visual style".[86][87][88] TheLos Angeles Times also praised the film.[89][90] Lee's death was alleged to have a melancholic effect on viewers; Desson Howe ofThe Washington Post wrote that Lee "haunts every frame" andJames Berardinelli called the film "a case of 'art imitating death', and thatspecter will always hang overThe Crow".[85][86][91]

Jessica Seigel of theChicago Tribune found that Lee never quite left the shadow of his father and thatThe Crow did not live up to Lee's full unexploited potential.[92] Amber McKee of thePark Record considered it a good film but an eerie conclusion to Lee's career, since he had wanted to escape the action genre and move on to dramatic roles.[93] Berardinelli called it an appropriateepitaph to Lee, Howe called it an appropriate sendoff, and Ebert stated that not only was this Lee's best film, it was also better than any of his father's.[85][86][91]The Crow retained a loyal following many years after its release.[81] Due to the source material and Lee's fate, it is often described as a goth cult film.[94]

In 1998,Legacy of Rage was released in the US to Home media,[17] and Australia the next year.[95] The film has been described as stylistic and fast-paced, with a good performance by Lee.[96][97][98][95]

Death

[edit]

On March 31, 1993, Lee was filming a scene for the filmThe Crow in which his character is shot and killed by thugs.[99] In the scene, Lee's character walks into his apartment and discovers his fiancée being beaten and raped, and a thug played by actorMichael Massee fires aSmith & Wesson Model 629.44 Magnum revolver at Lee's character as he walks into the room.[100]

In afilm shoot prior to the fatal scene, the gun that was used as aprop (a real revolver) was loaded with improperly madedummy rounds, improvised from livecartridges that had thepowder charges removed by thespecial effects crew, so inclose-ups the revolver would show normal-looking ammunition. However, the crew neglected to remove theprimers from the cartridges, and at some point before the fatal event, one of the rounds had been fired. Although there were no powder charges, the energy from the ignited primer was enough to separate the bullet from the casing and push it part-way into thegun barrel, where it got stuck—a dangerous condition known as asquib load.

During the fatal scene, which called for the revolver to be fired at Lee from a distance of 3.6–4.5 meters (12–15 ft), the dummy cartridges were replaced withblank rounds, which contained a powder charge and the primer, but no solid bullet, allowing the gun to be fired withsound andflash effects without the risk of an actual projectile. However, the gun was not properly checked and cleared before the blank was fired, and the dummy bullet previously lodged in the barrel was then propelled forward by the blank's propellant and shot out the muzzle with almost the same force as if the round were live, striking Lee in the abdomen.[101][102]

After Massee pulled the trigger and shot Lee, Lee fell backwards instead of forwards as he was supposed to. When the director said "cut", Lee did not stand up and the crew thought he was either still acting or joking.Jeff Imada, who immediately checked Lee, noticed something wrong when he came close and noted Lee was unconscious and breathing heavily. Medic Clyde Baisey went to Lee and shook him to see if he was dazed by hitting his head during the fall, but did not think Lee had been shot since there was no visible bleeding. Baisey took Lee's pulse, which was regular, but within two to three minutes it slowed down dramatically, and stopped.[103]

Lee was rushed to the New Hanover Regional Medical Center inWilmington, North Carolina. Attempts to save him were unsuccessful and after six hours ofemergency surgery, Lee was pronounced dead on March 31, 1993, at 1:03 pm. He was 28 years old. The shooting was ruled an accident due tonegligence.[104] Lee's death led to the re-emergence of conspiracy theories surrounding his father's similarly early death.[105] Lee was buried next to his father at theLake View Cemetery inSeattle,Washington. A private funeral attended by 50 took place in Seattle on April 3. The following day, 200 of Lee's family and business associates attended a memorial service at actressPolly Bergen's house in Los Angeles. Among the attendees wereKiefer Sutherland,Lou Diamond Phillips,David Hasselhoff,Steven Seagal,David Carradine, andMelissa Etheridge.[106][107]

Thegraves of Bruce and Brandon Lee

In August 1993, Lee's mother, Linda Lee Cadwell, filed a lawsuit against the filmmakers alleging negligence in the death of her son. The suit was settled two months later under undisclosed terms.[101][108]

In an interview just prior to his death, Lee quoted a passage fromPaul Bowles' bookThe Sheltering Sky[109] which he had chosen for his wedding invitations; it is now inscribed on his tombstone:

Because we don't know when we will die, we get to think of life as an inexhaustible well. And yet everything happens only a certain number of times, and a very small number really. How many more times will you remember a certain afternoon of your childhood, an afternoon that is so deeply a part of your being that you can't even conceive of your life without it? Perhaps four, or five times more? Perhaps not even that. How many more times will you watch the full moon rise? Perhaps twenty. And yet it all seems limitless...[110]

Martial arts and philosophy

[edit]

Lee was trained from a young age by his fatherBruce Lee inmartial arts.[111] During this time, martial artistBob Wall, a friend and collaborator of Bruce, observed that Lee hit with power and had good footwork.[112] At age eight, after his father's death, Bruce's discipleDan Inosanto trained Lee.[6] According toJeff Imada who at the time was helping with children's classes at Inosanto's Kali Institute, the fact that he was the son of one of its founders was kept quiet; Lee had difficulty focusing due to seeing his father's photos taking so much space in his studio. Imada said Lee stopped training in his mid-teens to play soccer.[8]Richard Bustillo also trained Lee during his teens and said that Lee worked hard and was always respectful.[107] Lee said that with his trainingArnis with Inosanto he specialized in both Kali and Escrima and lasted three to four years.[113]

In 1986, Lee said that he was training in Yee Chuan Tao, a relaxation-based martial art, with a trainer named Mike Vendrell. Lee said that it consisted of exercises such as slow sparring,Chi sao practice; they also worked on a wooden dummy, as well as Vendrell swinging a staff at him while he would duck or jump over. He said later that the exercise helped him be less tense.[114]

Also in the 1980s, Lee returned to Dan Inosanto's Academy.[31] Lee said he did a few amateur fights but did not seek to compete in tournaments.[4] He would bring a camera to Inosanto's studio, both would choreograph fights for Lee's films and would allow him to see how various moves played out on screen. During this time, Lee also trained in weapon-based martial arts such as Eskrima and Silat.[115] In 1991, Lee was certified by the Thai Boxing Association.[6] While his main goal was dramatic acting, he credited his skill in martial arts to have helped him to get roles that require it.[4]

During the filming ofThe Crow, Lee said he did cardiovascular exercises to the point of exhaustion using a jump rope, running, riding a LifeCycle, or using aStairMaster, after which he would train at Inosanto's academy where he tookMuay Thai classes.[116]

According to Lee's mother, years prior to his death Lee became consumed with his father's written philosophy, taking lengthy notes.[6] When asked which martial arts he practiced, he responded:

When people ask me that question, I usually say that my father created the art of Jeet Kune Do and I have been trained in that. However, that's a little too simple to say because Jeet Kune Do was my father's very personal expression of the martial arts. So I always feel a little bit silly saying I practice Jeet Kune Do, although I certainly have been trained in it. It would be more accurate to say that I practice my own interpretation of Jeet Kune Do, just as everyone who practices Jeet Kune Do does.[117]

In August 1992,Bruce Lee biographer John Little asked Brandon Lee what his philosophy in life was, and he replied, "Eat—or die!"[118] Brandon later spoke of the martial arts and self-knowledge:

Well, I would say this: when you move down the road towards mastery of the martial arts—and you know, you are constantly moving down that road—you end up coming up against these barriers inside yourself that will attempt to stop you from continuing to pursue the mastery of the martial arts. And these barriers are such things as when you come up against your own limitations, when you come up against the limitations of your will, your ability, your natural ability, your courage, how you deal with success—and failure as well, for that matter. And as you overcome each one of these barriers, you end up learning something about yourself. And sometimes, the things you learn about yourself can, to the individual, seem to convey a certain spiritual sense along with them.

...It's funny, every time you come up against a true barrier to your progress, you are a child again. And it's a very interesting experience to be reduced, once again, to the level of knowing nothing about what you're doing. I think there's a lot of room for learning and growth when that happens—if you face it head-on and don't choose to say, "Ah, screw that! I'm going to do something else!"

We reduce ourselves at a certain point in our lives to kind of solely pursuing things that we already know how to do. You know, because you don't want to have that experience of not knowing what you're doing and being an amateur again. And I think that's rather unfortunate. It's so much more interesting and usually illuminating to put yourself in a situation where you don't know what's going to happen, than to do something again that you already know essentially what the outcome will be within three or four points either way.[119]

Personal life

[edit]

Lee's paternal great-grandfather was Ho Kom-Tong, a Chinese philanthropist who was the half-brother of businessman and philanthropistSir Robert Ho Tung.[120] Lee's mother, Linda Emery, has Swedish and German ancestry. Lee's father has been said to have "proudly told everyone" about his newborn son Brandon's diverse features, describing him as perhaps the only Chinese person with blond hair and grey eyes.[121] He was the brother ofShannon Lee.[122]

According toChuck Norris, a friend and collaborator of Lee's father, he lived not far from their home inCalifornia and spent time with him as a child telling him about his father. Norris also explained that his son,Eric Norris, and Lee were childhood friends.[123]John Lee Hancock said he had a friendship with Lee, who would read all of his scripts.[62] Lee was also friends withGeorge Clooney andMiguel Ferrer. Clooney stated, "my cousin Miguel Ferrer was gonna be his best man the next week at their wedding. Brandon and I played ball and hung out at the Hollywood YMCA three days a week, we were buddies and this was his big break."[124] Lee was also a friend ofChad Stahelski, his double after his death duringThe Crow. The two trained together at the Inosanto Martial Arts Academy.[125]

In 1990, Lee met Eliza Hutton at directorRenny Harlin's office, where she was working as hispersonal assistant. Lee and Hutton moved in together in early 1991 and became engaged in October 1992.[126] They planned to get married inEnsenada, Mexico, on April 17, 1993, a week after Lee was to complete filming onThe Crow.[106]

Filmography

[edit]
Film
YearTitleRoleNotes
1986Legacy of RageBrandon MaAlternative title:Long Zai Jiang Hu, Dragon Blood.
1989Laser MissionMichael GoldAlternative titles:Mercenary Man,Soldier of Fortune.
1991Showdown in Little TokyoJohnny Murata
1992Rapid FireJake LoLast of his films to be released during his lifetime.
1994The CrowEric DravenShot and killed as a result of negligence during filming. Special effects and a stand-in were used to complete Lee's remaining scenes. Released posthumously.
2000Sex, Lögner och VideovåldMan waiting in line at clubAlternative titles:Sex, Lies, & Video Violence.Swedish film released posthumously.
Television
YearTitleRoleNotes
1986Kung Fu: The MovieChung WangTelevision film
1987Kung Fu: The Next GenerationJohnny CaineTelevision pilot. Aired onCBS Summer Playhouse
1988OharaKenjiEpisode:What's in a Name

Awards and nominations

[edit]
AwardCategoryNominated workResult
6th Hong Kong Film AwardsBest New PerformerLegacy of Rage (1986)Nominated[127]
1995 Fangoria Chainsaw AwardsBest ActorThe Crow (1994)Won[128]
2021 Asian Hall of Fame inductionActor & Cultural Icon Award in memoriamN/AWon[129]

See also

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^Lee, Linda; Lee, Mike (1989). "14".The Bruce Lee Story. Santa Clarita, California: Ohara publication, Inc. p. 179.ISBN 978-0-89750-121-7.
  2. ^Sharkey, Betsy (May 3, 1993)."Fate's children: Bruce and Brandon (Published 1993)".The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331.Archived from the original on October 24, 2021. RetrievedOctober 15, 2020.
  3. ^"Father and son".The News and Observer. April 1, 1993. pp. 18 A.
  4. ^abcdefgHicks, Chris (July 24, 1992)."Brandon Lee follows in his dad's shoes, but he hopes to win respect as an actor in his own right".Deseret News. Archived fromthe original on April 22, 2019. RetrievedApril 22, 2019.
  5. ^Wing Chun News (August 24, 2018)."Geraldo Rivera interviews Bruce Lee's mother in her only live tv interview".wingchunnews.ca. Wing Chun News. Archived fromthe original on April 25, 2022. Retrieved25 March 2022.
  6. ^abcdeSharkey, Betsey (May 30, 1993). "Family Matters".The Age. p. Agenda: 7.
  7. ^Reid, Dr. Craig D. (1999). "Shannon Lee: Emerging From the Shadow of Bruce Lee".Black Belt Magazine. Vol. 37, no. 10. p. 33.
  8. ^abcBaiss, Bridget (2004).The Crow: The Story Behind the Film. London: Titan Books. pp. 41–43.ISBN 978-1-78116-184-5.
  9. ^Lipton, Michael A. (September 7, 1992)."Son of Bruce Breaks Loose".People.Archived from the original on April 23, 2019. RetrievedApril 23, 2019.
  10. ^Crokett, Lane (January 30, 1986). "Carradine re-creates Kung Fu".Green Bay Press-Gazette. p. B-5.
  11. ^abBaiss, Bridget (2004). "Finding Eric Draven".The Crow: The Story Behind the Film. London: Titan Books. p. 43.ISBN 978-1-78116-184-5.
  12. ^Erickson, Hal."Synopsis".AllMovie.Archived from the original on June 17, 2019. RetrievedJune 17, 2019.
  13. ^"Enter the Son of the Dragon: Bruce Lee's Only Boy, Brandon, Gets No Kick from Kung Fu".People. February 3, 1986.Archived from the original on October 7, 2018. RetrievedOctober 7, 2018.
  14. ^*Allen, Terence (September 1994). "The movies of Brandon Lee".Black Belt Magazine. Vol. 32, no. 9. p. 51.
  15. ^Savage, Mark; Bren, Frank (August 30, 1994). "Shadow over film future".The Sydney Morning Herald.
  16. ^Legacy of Rage (VHS). Tai seng video marketing (Ent.). 1998. 601643563831.
  17. ^ab"Legacy Of Rage | TV Guide".TV Guide.Archived from the original on April 23, 2019. RetrievedApril 23, 2019.
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Works cited

[edit]
  • Jeffrey, Douglas (1993). "The Tragic death of Brandon Lee".Black Belt Magazine. Vol. 31, no. 7.
  • Little, John (1993). "Brandon Lee's final martial arts interview".Black Belt Magazine. Vol. 31, no. 8.
  • Allen, Terence (1994). "The movies of Brandon Lee".Black Belt Magazine. Vol. 32, no. 9.
  • Coleman, Jim (1994). "Brandon Lee's first interview!".Black Belt Magazine. Vol. 32, no. 9.
  • Little, John (1996).The Warrior Within: The philosophies of Bruce Lee to better understand the world around you and achieve a rewarding life. Contemporary Books.ISBN 0-8092-3194-8.
  • Reid, Dr. Craig D. (1999). "Shannon Lee: Emerging From the Shadow of Bruce Lee".Black Belt Magazine. Vol. 37, no. 2.
  • Baiss, Bridget (2004).The Crow: The Story Behind The Film. London: Titan Books.ISBN 978-1-84023-779-5,978-1-78116-184-5
  • Stevenson, Jack (2015).Scandinavian Blue: The Erotic Cinema of Sweden and Denmark in the 1960s and 1970s. London and North Carolina: McFarland.ISBN 978-1-4766-1259-1
  • Crick, Robert Alan (2015).The Big Screen Comedies of Mel Brooks. London and North Carolina: McFarland.ISBN 978-1-4766-1228-7

Further reading

[edit]
  • Dyson, Cindy (2001).They Died Too Young: Brandon Lee. Philadelphia: Chelsea House.ISBN 0-7910-5858-1
  • Pilato, Herbie J. (1993).The Kung Fu Book of Caine: The Complete Guide to TV's First Mystical Eastern Western. Boston: Charles A. Tuttle.ISBN 0-8048-1826-6.

External links

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