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Brain-specific homeobox

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Protein encoded by the BSX gene

Brain-specific homeobox is aprotein that in humans is encoded by theBSXgene.[1]

Structure and expression pattern

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Bsx is an evolutionarily highly-conserved homeodomain-containing transcription factor that belongs to the ANTP-class.[2] In mouse it has been shown to be expressed in thetelencephalic septum,pineal gland, themammillary bodies andarcuate nucleus.[3]

Function in the hypothalamus

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In the hypothalamicarcuate nucleus, Bsx has been demonstrated to be necessary for normal expression levels of the twoorexigenicneuropeptidesAgouti-related peptide andNeuropeptide Y.[4]

Function in the pineal gland

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In thepineal gland of the clawed frogXenopus, Bsx is expressed following thecircadian rhythm and controlsphotoreceptor celldifferentiation.[5] Inzebrafish Bsx is required for normal development of all cell types within thepineal gland, includingmelatonin-releasing pinealocytes,photoreceptor cells and leftwards migrating parapineal cells,[6] which in zebrafish are crucial for the establishment ofbrain asymmetry.[7]

References

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  1. ^"Entrez Gene: BSX brain-specific homeobox".
  2. ^Ferrier, David E. K. (14 April 2016)."Evolution of Homeobox Gene Clusters in Animals: The Giga-Cluster and Primary vs. Secondary Clustering".Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.4: 36.Bibcode:2016FrEEv...4...36F.doi:10.3389/fevo.2016.00036.hdl:10023/8685.
  3. ^Cremona, M; Colombo, E; Andreazzoli, M; Cossu, G; Broccoli, V (January 2004). "Bsx, an evolutionary conserved Brain Specific homeoboX gene expressed in the septum, epiphysis, mammillary bodies and arcuate nucleus".Gene Expression Patterns.4 (1):47–51.doi:10.1016/S1567-133X(03)00151-0.PMID 14678827.
  4. ^Sakkou, M; Wiedmer, P; Anlag, K; Hamm, A; Seuntjens, E; Ettwiller, L; Tschöp, MH; Treier, M (June 2007)."A role for brain-specific homeobox factor Bsx in the control of hyperphagia and locomotory behavior".Cell Metabolism.5 (6):450–63.doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.05.007.PMID 17550780.
  5. ^D'Autilia, S.; Broccoli, V.; Barsacchi, G.; Andreazzoli, M. (22 March 2010)."Xenopus Bsx links daily cell cycle rhythms and pineal photoreceptor fate".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.107 (14):6352–6357.Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.6352D.doi:10.1073/pnas.1000854107.PMC 2852004.PMID 20308548.
  6. ^Schredelseker, Theresa; Driever, Wolfgang (1 July 2018). "Bsx controls pineal complex development".Development.145 (13): dev163477.doi:10.1242/dev.163477 (inactive 13 November 2025).PMID 29945867.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2025 (link)
  7. ^Duboc, Véronique; Dufourcq, Pascale; Blader, Patrick; Roussigné, Myriam (23 November 2015). "Asymmetry of the Brain: Development and Implications".Annual Review of Genetics.49 (1):647–672.doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-112414-055322.PMID 26442849.
(1) Basic domains
(1.1) Basicleucine zipper (bZIP)
(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)
Group A
Group B
Group C
bHLH-PAS
Group D
Group E
Group F
bHLH-COE
(1.3)bHLH-ZIP
(1.4) NF-1
(1.5) RF-X
(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)
(2)Zinc finger DNA-binding domains
(2.1)Nuclear receptor(Cys4)
subfamily 1
subfamily 2
subfamily 3
subfamily 4
subfamily 5
subfamily 6
subfamily 0
(2.2) Other Cys4
(2.3) Cys2His2
(2.4) Cys6
(2.5) Alternating composition
(2.6) WRKY
(3.1)Homeodomain
Antennapedia
ANTP class
protoHOX
Hox-like
metaHOX
NK-like
other
(3.2) Paired box
(3.3)Fork head /winged helix
(3.4)Heat shock factors
(3.5) Tryptophan clusters
(3.6) TEA domain
  • transcriptional enhancer factor
(4)β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts
(4.1)Rel homology region
(4.2)STAT
(4.3) p53-like
(4.4)MADS box
(4.6)TATA-binding proteins
(4.7)High-mobility group
(4.9) Grainyhead
(4.10) Cold-shock domain
(4.11) Runt
(0) Other transcription factors
(0.2) HMGI(Y)
(0.3)Pocket domain
(0.5)AP-2/EREBP-related factors
(0.6) Miscellaneous
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