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Brčko

Coordinates:44°52′38″N18°48′40″E / 44.87722°N 18.81111°E /44.87722; 18.81111
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
City in Brčko District, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brčko
Grad Brčko
Град Брчко
City of Brčko
Brčko
Brčko
Map
Brčko is located in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brčko
Brčko
Location within Bosnia and Herzegovina
Show map of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brčko is located in Balkans
Brčko
Brčko
Brčko (Balkans)
Show map of Balkans
Coordinates:44°52′38″N18°48′40″E / 44.87722°N 18.81111°E /44.87722; 18.81111
Country Bosnia and Herzegovina
DistrictBrčko District
GeographicalregionPosavina
Government
 • MayorSiniša Milić (SNSD)
 • President of the District AssemblyDamir Bulčević (NiP)
Area
 • Total
402 km2 (155 sq mi)
Elevation
92 m (302 ft)
Population
 (2013)
 • Total
39,893
 • Density99/km2 (260/sq mi)
 • Brčko District
83,516
Postcode
76100 (Pošte Srpske)
76120 (BH Pošta)
Area code+387 049
Websitewww.bdcentral.net

Brčkopronounced[br̩̂tʃkoː]) is a city and the administrative seat ofBrčko District, in northernBosnia and Herzegovina. It lies on the banks ofSava river across fromCroatia. As of 2013, it has a population of 39,893 inhabitants.[1]

De jure, the Brčko District belongs to both entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina (theFederation of Bosnia and Herzegovina andRepublika Srpska) but in practice it is not governed by either; practically, Brčko is a self-governingfree city.[2]

Name

[edit]

Its name is very likely linked to theBreuci (Greek Βρεῦκοι), one of thePannonian tribes of theIllyrians who migrated to the vicinity of today's Brčko from the territories of theYamnaya culture in the 3rd millennium BC. Breuci greatly resisted theRomans but were conquered in 1st century BC and many were sold asslaves after their defeat. They started receiving Roman citizenship duringTrajan's rule.

A number of Breuci migrated and settled inDacia, where a town calledBereck or Brețcu, a river (Brețcu River) and a mountainMunții Brețcului in today'sRomania were named after them.[3]

Geography

[edit]
Brčko District and Brčko town

The city is on the north, riparian border of Bosnia, across theSava River from the village ofGunja in Croatia.

Brčko is the seat of the Brčko District, an independent unit of local self-government created on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina following an arbitration process. The local administration was formerly supervised by an international supervisory regime headed byPrincipal Deputy High Representative who is alsoex officio the BrčkoInternational Supervisor. This international supervision was frozen since 23 May 2012.[4]

History

[edit]

During the1862 exodus of Muslims from Serbia, some Belgrade Muslims who were expelled by the Serbian government settled in the town.[5]

In theBosnian War, Brčko was the location of theBrčko bridge massacre on 30 April 1992. Later, it was the narrowest point of theBrčko corridor that connected two parts ofRepublika Srpska.

Brčko was a geographic point of contention in 1996 when the U.S.-ledImplementation Force (IFOR) built Camp McGovern between the villages ofBrod andBrka. Camp McGovern under the overwatch of 3-5 CAV 1/BDE/1AR Division (US) was constructed from a war torn farming cooperative structure in the Zone of Separation (ZOS) for the purpose of establishing peacekeeping operations. The mission was to separate the forming warring factions. The ZOS was one kilometer wide ofno man's land, where special permission was required for Serbian or Bosnian forces to enter. Various checkpoints and observation points (OP's) were established to control the separation.

Although Brčko was a focal point for tension in the late 1990s, considerable progress in multi-ethnic integration in Brčko has since occurred including integration of secondary schooling. Reconstruction efforts and the Property Law Implementation Plan have improved the situation regarding property and return.Today, Brčko has returned to a strategic transshipment point along the Sava River. The population of Brčko has not returned to its pre-war ethnic mix of Bosniaks, Serbs, and Croats. Brčko sits at the east–west apex of Republika Srpska, the ethnic Serb portion of Bosnia & Herzegovina, and as such is critical to the RS for its economic future.

Brčko was one of the main points discussed in theDayton Peace Accords. After several weeks of intensive negotiation, the issue of Brčko was to be decided by international arbitration. Brčko Arbitration ruled in Feb 1997 that Brčko would be managed by an ambassadorial representative from the international community.[6] The first Ambassador to Brčko was an American with support staff from the UK, Sweden, Denmark & France. Brčko Arbitration in March 1998 suggested the Brcko area could be a special district,[7] which they finally decided likewise in March 1999.[8]

The first international organization to open office in Brčko at that time was theOrganization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE).

FollowingPIC meeting on 23 May 2012, it was decided to suspend, not terminate, the mandate of Brčko International Supervisor. Brčko Arbitral Tribunal, together with the suspended Brčko Supervision, will still continue to exist.[4]

Demographics

[edit]
Ethnic composition
2013[9]1991[9]198119711961
Total39,893 (100.0%)41,406 (100.0%)31,437 (100.0%)25,337 (100.0%)17,949 (100,0%)
Serbs19,420 (48.68%)8,253 (19.93%)5,532 (17.60%)5,481 (21.63%)5,260 (29.31%)
Bosniaks17,489 (43.84%)22,994 (55.53%)16,725 (53.20%)15,651 (61.77%)5,431 (30.26%)
Croats1,457 (3.652%)2,894 (6.989%)2,157 (6.861%)2,663 (10.51%)2,472 (13.77%)
Others996 (2.497%)2,054 (4.961%)468 (1.489%)327 (1.291%)78 (0.435%)
Roma333 (0.835%)5 (0.016%)6 (0.024%)4 (0.022%)
Albanians77 (0.193%)86 (0.274%)115 (0.454%)65 (0.362%)
Yugoslavs60 (0.150%)5,211 (12.59%)6,351 (20.20%)952 (3.757%)4,250 (23.68%)
Montenegrins31 (0.078%)65 (0.207%)82 (0.324%)278 (1.549%)
Macedonians24 (0.060%)16 (0.051%)19 (0.075%)35 (0.195%)
Slovenes4 (0.010%)19 (0.060%)25 (0.099%)55 (0.306%)
Turks2 (0.005%)
Hungarians13 (0.041%)16 (0.063%)21 (0.117%)

Transport

[edit]

Rail

[edit]

A railway station is near the city centre on the line fromVinkovci toTuzla. However, no passenger trains operate to Brčko anymore. The closest operating railway station is inGunja, Croatia; just on the other side of the border.

Water

[edit]

Brčko has the largestriver port in Bosnia, on theSava river.

Sport

[edit]

Brčko has threefootball clubs (FK Jedinstvo Brčko,FK Lokomotiva Brčko,FK Izbor Brčko,FK Dizdaruša Brčko and the youngest clubFK Ilićka 01). They all play in theSecond League of Republika Srpska. The city is home to some of the most successfulvolleyball teams in the countryMladost andJedinstvo.

Education

[edit]

The city is home to aneconomics school of theUniversity of East Sarajevo and a localtheatre festival.

Gallery

[edit]
  • Panorama of Brčko
    Panorama of Brčko
  • Brčko at night
    Brčko at night
  • Fountain - the symbol of the city
    Fountain - the symbol of the city

Twin towns – sister cities

[edit]
See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Brčko istwinned with:

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Bosnia and Herzegovina"(PDF). 2019. RetrievedNovember 24, 2020.
  2. ^Welcome to Brčko, Europe’s only free city and a law unto itself.
  3. ^Kiss Lajos: Földrajzi nevek etimológiai szótára Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1978ISBN 963 05 1490 7 103. oldalBereck-szócikk
  4. ^ab"Press Conference Following the Meeting of the Steering Board of the Peace implementation Council".Office of the High Representative. 2012-05-23. Archived fromthe original on 2013-12-02. Retrieved2013-11-23.
  5. ^Özkan, Ayşe."The Expulsion of Muslims from Serbia after the International Conference in Kanlıca and Withdrawal of the Ottoman Empire from Serbia (1862-1867)".Akademik Bakış.
  6. ^"Award - Arbitral Tribunal For Dispute Over Inter-Entity Boundary In Brcko Area".Brcko Arbitral Tribunal.Office of the High Representative. 1997-02-14. Retrieved2023-10-25.
  7. ^"Supplemental Award - Arbitral Tribunal For Dispute Over Inter-Entity Boundary In Brcko Area".Brcko Arbitral Tribunal.Office of the High Representative. 1998-03-15. Retrieved2023-10-25.
  8. ^"Final Award - Arbitral Tribunal For Dispute Over Inter-Entity Boundary In Brcko Area".Brcko Arbitral Tribunal.Office of the High Representative. 1999-03-05.Archived from the original on 2023-10-25. Retrieved2023-10-25.
  9. ^ab"Popis 2013 u BiH – Brčko District".statistika.ba.
  10. ^"Kardeş şehir Bosna Hersek heyeti, Samsun'da".Milliyet (in Turkish). 2021-11-05. Retrieved2024-08-26.
  11. ^"Успјешно организован турнир млађих категорија у фудбалу".radiobrcko.ba (in Bosnian). Radio Brčko. 2014-08-29. Retrieved2020-12-28.
  12. ^"Sister Cities".stlpartnership.com. St. Louis Economic Development Partnership. Retrieved2020-12-28.
Wikimedia Commons has media related toBrčko.

External links

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