Theboyars of Fogaras (nowFăgăraș in Romania) were a group ofVlach (or Romanian)conditional nobles in the medievalKingdom of Hungary and thePrincipality (andGrand Principality) of Transylvania.
The earliestroyal charter which mentioned theVlachs' presence in southernTransylvania was issued in the early 13th century.[1] The document recorded thatAndrew II of Hungary had deprived the local Vlachs from a small territory between the riversOlt,Arpaș (Árpás) andCârțișoara and granted it to the newly established CistercianKerc Abbey.[2][3] Ahoard ofhacksilver discovered atCârțișoara, which contained a Byzantine coin from the first half of the 12th century, also confirm the Vlachs' presence in the region.[2] The earliest record about a permanent Vlach settlement in the region – Kerch Olachorum (or "Vlachs' Kerc" at present-day Cârțișoara) – was made in 1332.[4] Decades later, the first place names ofRomanian origin were also recorded:Cuciulata in 1372 andMândra in 1401.[4]
Louis I of Hungary forcedVladislav I of Wallachia to accept his suzerainty in 1366.[5] To secure Vladislav's loyalty, the king also granted him landed property in southern Transylvania, including thedistrict of Fogaras (around present-dayFăgăraș in Romania).[5] Six years later, Vladislav donated estates toWallachian boyars (or noblemen) in the district.[4] Most of Vladislav's successors who also held Fogaras – Mircea the Elder,Vlad the Impaler,Radu the Fair andBasarab Laiotă – regularly granted estates to their boyars or awarded the heads of the local communities with the title boyar.[6]
In 1372Vladislav I of Wallachia gave to the magistrate Ladislau de Dopca, his relative, five estates in the district of Fogaras.Mircea I of Wallachia gives the village of Szkore to Stanciul thehegumen and his brother Călin, and in 1400 he strengthens to his boyars Micul and Stoia the dominion over half of the village of Mondra.[7] The boyars Ion, Borcea and Călin had during Mircea's reign three villages with the mountains that belonged to them, and the boyar Costea had two and a half villages.[8]
Through a document from June 10, 1417,[9] Mircea I of Wallachia strengthenedIon,Borcea[10] andCalian,[11][12]
We mention that theBorcea family name still exists in Vad, and theCalian family name is found in the neighboring village, Sinke.
In 1437 the boyar Stanciu and his brother Roman receive fromVlad II Dracul the village of Voivodeni/Vajdafalva. The increase of the boyar from Fogaras was observed in the richer donations, so in 1473 the family of the master Stoica Naneș obtained fromRadu cel Frumos more than 13 villages and 3 mountains.[13]
Towards the end of the 15th century and the beginning of the following century, the history of Fogaras district experienced a more turbulent period.[14] In 1508 a boyar revolt tried unsuccessfully to bring the country under the rule of the Muntenian voivodeMihnea cel Rău.[15]
The 1640 conscription counts 248 boyars in the Fogaras domain. In 1648, 87 boyars appeared in the fields of Porumbáktanya and Kwmana (Komána/Comăna).
Zsuzsanna Lorántffy (1600-1660), the wife of the prince of TransylvaniaGeorge I Rákóczi, the mistress of theFăgăraș Citadel, issued 21 boyar diplomas, in some cases confirming "their old boyar rights". Residents of Bucsum, Also Uczya (Alsóucsa/Ucea de Sus), Also Venechia (Veneția de Jos), Dragos (Drăguș), Sinke, Hirszen (Hârseni) received such diplomas.[16]
In the conscription from 1720 to 1721 in 53 villages belonging to the Făgăraș, Porumbac and Comăna domains, 725 boyars have appeared.[17]