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 Germany |  Bosnia and Herzegovina |
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Bosnia and Herzegovina–Germany relations are thebilateral relations betweenBosnia and Herzegovina and theFederal Republic of Germany. Diplomatic relations between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Germany have existed since 1992. Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Berlin and consulates general inFrankfurt am Main,Munich andStuttgart. Germany maintains an embassy inSarajevo.
Both countries are members of theOrganization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and theCouncil of Europe. Bosnia and Herzegovina is anEU candidate and Germany is also anEU member.
In the late 13th or early 14th century, German miners, so-called "Saxons" (Sasi), came to Bosnia fromHungary.[citation needed] From 1878 and 1918 respectively, Bosnia and Herzegovina was part ofAustria-Hungary and thus was automatically allied with theGerman Empire in theFirst World War. After the war, which was lost for theCentral Powers, it became part of the newly formedYugoslavia.
In theSecond World War, theAxis powers led byGermany had proclaimed the "Independent State of Croatia" after the invasion of Yugoslavia in 1941. In addition to Croatia, it comprised the whole of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Until 1945, the country suffered under German occupation. After the end of the war, Bosnia and Herzegovina again became part of the nowsocialist Yugoslavia.[1][2] As part of thefall of communism in Eastern Europe, Yugoslaviabegan to disintegrate. Germany recognized the country's independence on April 6, 1992, and established diplomatic relations in November of the same year.[3]
During theBosnian War, Germany took in the most Bosnian refugees of any EU country,[4] and worked with its international partners to find a peaceful solution to the conflict, including through theInternational Contact Group and then theDayton Accords that ended the war. Since the end of the war, Germany has been committed to Bosnia and Herzegovina in a variety of ways, for example within the framework of development cooperation andSFOR or, since 2004, theEUFOR missionOperation Althea, and is today one of the country's most important European partners, also in its efforts to bring it closer to theEuropean Union.[3]
The trade volume between the two countries was 2.1 billioneuros in 2021. Germany is an important donor ofdevelopment aid for Bosnia and Herzegovina. TheKreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau and theDeutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit are active in the country.[3]
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