| Bosna | |
|---|---|
.jpg) The Bosna River flowing throughZenica. | |
 Bosna River watershed (Interactive map) | |
 | |
| Location | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Cities | Visoko,Kakanj,Zenica,Maglaj,Zavidovići,Doboj,Modriča,Bosanski Šamac |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Vrelo Bosne |
| • location | Igman,Ilidža,Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| • coordinates | 43°49′6.6″N18°16′11.9″E / 43.818500°N 18.269972°E /43.818500; 18.269972 |
| • elevation | 520 m (1,710 ft);[2] (494.5 m (1,622 ft) a.s.l. according to an earlier source[3]) |
| Mouth | Sava |
• location | Bosanski Šamac,Bosnia and Herzegovina |
• coordinates | 45°4′0″N18°28′1″E / 45.06667°N 18.46694°E /45.06667; 18.46694 |
• elevation | 78 m (256 ft) |
| Length | 281.6 km (175.0 mi)[1] |
| Basin size | 10,810 km2 (4,170 sq mi)[1] |
| Discharge | |
| • average | 174 m3/s (6,100 cu ft/s) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Sava→Danube→Black Sea |
TheBosna (Serbian Cyrillic:Босна,pronounced[bɔ̂sna]) is the third longestriver inBosnia and Herzegovina, and is considered one of the country's three major internal rivers, along with theNeretva and theVrbas. The other three major rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina are theUna, to the northwest; theSava, to the north, and theDrina, to the east. This river is the namesake ofBosnia. The river Bosna flows for 282 kilometers (175 mi).[1]
The river is possibly mentioned for the first time during the 1st century AD by Roman historianMarcus Velleius Paterculus under the nameBathinus flumen.[4][5][6] Another basic source that is associated with the hydronymBathinus is theSalonitan inscription of the governor of Dalmatia,Publius Cornelius Dolabella, where it is said that theBathinum river divides theBreuci from theOsseriates.[7] Another name could also have beenBasante.
According to philologist Anton Mayer, the nameBosna could be derived fromIllyrianBass-an-as(-ā), which would be a diversion of theProto-Indo-European rootbʰegʷ, meaning 'the running water'.[8]
The Bosna River has created the Bosna River Valley. The valley has been developed as the country's industrial hub and is home to nearly a million people, who live primarily in several major cities.
The Bosna source is the Vrelo Bosne spring, located at 520 m (1,710 ft) a.s.l.[2] (according to an earlier source, 494.5 m (1,622 ft) a.s.l.[3]) at thefoothills of mountIgman, on the outskirts of Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[2] The spring is one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's chief natural landmarks andtourist attractions.[9]
The course between the source and its largest tributary in this section, theŽeljeznica, which runs in from the right, is referred as the Mala Bosna (transl. Little Bosna), but the section is often extended all the way to its confluence with Miljacka, four kilometers downstream.[10] Its tributaries between the source and the Željeznica are first theVečerica and then Bukulaš, while in the region of extended Mala Bosna course it further receives, first the Željeznica from the right, then approx. 600 meters downstream theZujevina, the only tributary from the left in this region, followed by theDobrinja (a.k.a.Tilava) 1.5 km, and then 2 km further theMiljacka, both from the right.[10][11]
The Upper Bosna is a section between its source and the mouth of theLašva, a left tributary, just upstream fromZenica. The section encompasses the entire region betweenIlidža, nearSarajevo, and the Lašva, including the spacious valley betweenIlijaš andKakanj. TheVisoko region, with its medieval heritage, is at the center of this area.
The Middle Bosna is mostly composed ofgorges, with steep slopes and narrow passages, between Zenica andDoboj. In this section, there are several medieval sites, such asVranduk,Maglaj andDoboj.
The Lower Bosna is the last section of the Bosna. From Doboj, the river continues northwards, approaching theSava through the heart ofBosnia, passing through the lowlands ofPosavina, and eventually becomes a righttributary of the Sava inBosanski Šamac. There, it empties at around 80 metres (260 ft) above the sea level.
The Bosna flows through a number of cantons. From its starting point in theSarajevo Canton, it flows through theZenica-Doboj Canton, and thePosavina Canton, in that order. On its way north, the Bosna also passes through the cities ofVisoko,Zenica,Maglaj,Doboj,Modriča andBosanski Šamac.
The main right tributaries are:Željeznica,Miljacka, Ljubina, Misoča, Stavnja,Trstionica,Zgošća,Gostović [bs],Krivaja andSpreča. On the left, the main tributaries are:Zujevina,Fojnica,Lašva andUsora.
.JPG)
.JPG)
