Borisav Jović | |
|---|---|
Борисав Јовић | |
 Jović in 2009 | |
| 12thPresident of the Presidency of Yugoslavia | |
| In office 15 May 1990 – 15 May 1991 | |
| Prime Minister | Ante Marković |
| Preceded by | Janez Drnovšek |
| Succeeded by | Sejdo Bajramović(Acting) |
| 12thSecretary General of Non-Aligned Movement | |
| In office 15 May 1990 – 15 May 1991 | |
| Preceded by | Janez Drnovšek |
| Succeeded by | Stjepan Mesić |
| 3rdSerbian Representative in the Yugoslav Presidency | |
| In office 15 May 1989 – 27 April 1992 | |
| Preceded by | Nikola Ljubičić |
| Succeeded by | Office abolished |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1928-10-19)19 October 1928 |
| Died | 13 September 2021(2021-09-13) (aged 92) Belgrade, Serbia |
| Political party | Socialist Party of Serbia |
Borisav Jović (Serbian Cyrillic:Борисав Јовић,pronounced[jǒːʋit͡ɕ]; 19 October 1928[1] – 13 September 2021) was a Serbian economist, diplomat and politician who served as thePresident of the Presidency of Yugoslavia from 1990 to 1991.
He was Yugoslavia's ambassador to Italy from the mid to late 1970s, was the Serbian representative of the collectivePresidency of Yugoslavia during the late 1980s and early 1990s, was the President of the Presidency and was a leading figure in theSocialist Party of Serbia in the 1990s.[2] Jović received his PhD in economics from theUniversity of Belgrade in 1965. He was a fluent speaker ofRussian andItalian.
Jović was a close ally and advisor of Serbian officialSlobodan Milošević and helped Milošević attain power during theanti-bureaucratic revolution.[3] He served aspresident of the Presidency of Yugoslavia from May 1990 to May 1991. In his book,Poslednji dani SFRJ (Belgrade, 1995), Joviċ describes how in late June 1990, following the electoral victory inSlovenia andCroatia of pro-independence forces, he proposed to Milošević and federal defense ministerVeljko Kadijević that they "throwSlovenia andCroatia out ofYugoslavia" through the use of force, while retaining hold of Serb-populated sections of Croatia, to which Milošević agreed.[4] Shortly after that meeting Jović began implementing the strategy that led to the end of the federal Yugoslav state.[5] Jović is known for helping to negotiate theBrioni Accord in early July 1991, which gaveSlovenia its independence after theTen-Day War.
Near the end of his mandate in the rotating presidency, his successor,Stjepan Mesić, aCroat, was blocked from taking the presidency by four out of eight members of the presidency who thus violated theconstitutional arrangement for rotation. In mid-1991, with the tensions leading to theCroatian War of Independence rising in Croatia, Jović attempted to enactemergency powers which would effectively enable theYugoslav People's Armyto take control of the country and reverse the effects of the first free democratic elections which had elected independence-advocating governments in the republics of Croatia and Slovenia. A vote of 5 out of 8 members of the Presidency was required, and Serbia had under its political control votes of Serbia,Montenegro,Vojvodina andKosovo, and presumed that the Serb delegate representingBosnia and Herzegovina would vote for the plan. The plan backfired when the Bosnian Serb delegate,Bogić Bogićević, refused to vote for the plan.[6]
In the 1995BBC documentaryThe Death of Yugoslavia, Jović described to interviewers his perception of the events that took place that eventually resulted in the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the subsequentYugoslav Wars.[7] During this interview (Part 4, "The Gates of Hell–"), as well as in his testimony before theICTY,[8] Jović described the actions of the Yugoslav leadership that led up to the formation of theBosnian Serb Army. Jović claimed these actions were decided in a private discussion he held withSerbian President Milošević. According to Jović, he realized that if Bosnia and Herzegovina ended up being recognized by the international community, the presence of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) troops on Bosnian territory could have led to the Yugoslav government being accused of aggression. To avoid this, he and Milošević decided to move all JNA soldiers from Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina to their countries of origin with the Yugoslav government covering the cost. In this way, every Bosnian Serb was transferred from the Yugoslav army to what became the newly created Bosnian Serb Army.[9]
Jović viewed the reformist former Yugoslav Prime MinisterAnte Marković, a Bosnian Croat, as responsible for destroying the country and of being a puppet of the capitalist west. Jović, while President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia, commented:
The general conclusion is that Ante Marković is no longer acceptable or reliable to us. No one has any doubts in their mind any longer that he's the extended arm of the United States in terms of overthrowing anyone who ever thinks of socialism, and it is through our votes that we appointed him Prime Minister in the Assembly. He is playing the most dangerous game of treason.[10]
Jović's conclusion on Marković's role:
He was no doubt the most active creator of the destruction of our economy, and to a large extent a significant participant in the break-up of Yugoslavia. Others, when boasted of having broken up Yugoslavia wanted to take this infamous role upon themselves but in all these respects they never came close to what Marković did, who had declared himself as the protagonist of Yugoslavia's survival.[10]
After the war, Jović was interviewed as a suspect by theInternational Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia but was not indicted, with the prosecutorial team deciding to focus on preparing cases against major figures like Milošević.[11] Jović was instead called as a witness and gave testimony on Milošević's activities during the war.[12]
Jović died fromCOVID-19 on 13 September 2021, at the age of 92, during theCOVID-19 pandemic in Serbia.[13]
Media related toBorisav Jović at Wikimedia Commons| Political offices | ||
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| Preceded by | President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia 1990–1991 | Succeeded by |
| Diplomatic posts | ||
| Preceded by | Secretary General of Non-Aligned Movement 1990–1991 | Succeeded by |
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