Aborder guard of a country is anational security agency that ensuresborder security. Some of the national border guard agencies also performcoast guard (as inGermany,Italy orUkraine) andrescue service duties.
In different countries, names of particular border guard services vary significantly. The service may be called "police", "guard", "troops" or "sentinel" and the name would refer to the nation's official term for the state border - whether it is "frontier" or "border".
Most border guards of the world use dark green-colored elements on their uniform, insignia or flags.
Typical tasks of a border guard are:
During wartime more militarized border guard services may be transferred to be under the control of a country's armed forces, if it is not so already.
TheAustralian Border Force (ABF), is a part of theDepartment of Home Affairs, responsible for offshore and onshoreborder control enforcement, investigations, compliance anddetention operations in Australia. The Force was established on 1 July 2015 merging theAustralian Customs and Border Protection Service with the immigration detention and compliance functions of the thenDepartment of Immigration and Border Protection.
The ABF is alaw enforcement agency operating under the Australian Border Force Act 2015 with broadened legislative powers including the introduction of sworn officers.[1] A new uniform was introduced and following the transition there was increase in the number of officers authorised to carry firearms.[2][3]
Border Guard Bangladesh (BGB) is a paramilitary border security and anti-smuggling force under the Ministry of Home Affairs ofBangladesh. BGB can trace back its origin to the establishment of the Ramgarh Local Battalion in 1795. This force is armed and although its primary duty is to protect the border, during national emergencies it can also be called upon to aid the government.
Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) is a law enforcement agency of theDepartment of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness. Created in 2003, it amalgamated the enforcement activities performed by three separate government entities (Canada Customs and Revenue Agency,Citizenship and Immigration Canada and theCanadian Food Inspection Agency). Traditionally unarmed, the arming of Border Services Officers, Investigators, and Inland Enforcement Officers began in 2007 and was completed in 2016. Officers are found at entry points to Canada (airports, marine entry points, andland bordercrossing points with the United States).
Alien Police Service is a highly specialized unit of the police of the Czech Republic, which carries out functions relating to the detection of illegal migration, application of punitive measures against foreigners staying in the Czech Republic in violation of the law no. 326/1999 Coll. On the residence of foreigners in the Czech Republic and amending certain laws, as amended laws, the tasks arising from international agreements and directly applicable European Community legislation and solving the crimes committed in connection with the crossing of the state border and cross-border crime. The Alien Police Service was established by the Ministry of Interior no. 67/2008 establishing units of the Police of the Czech Republic nationwide.
Alien Police of the Czech Republic is divided into:
Alien Police Service Directorate - is within the specified range managing, methodological and control department with jurisdiction throughout the Czech Republic and is directly subordinate to the Police Presidium of the Czech Republic
Alien Police Unions in the regional directorates of individual regions
TheEgyptian Border Guard is under the control of theMinistry of Defence (Egypt). The Border Guard is a lightly armedparamilitary unit of about 25,000 personnel, responsible for border surveillance, general peacekeeping, drug interdiction, and prevention of smuggling. During the late 1980s, the force was equipped with remote sensors,night-vision binoculars, communications vehicles, and high-speed motorboats.
TheFinnish Border Guard (Finnish:Rajavartiolaitos;Swedish:Gränsbevakningsväsendet), including thecoast guard, is the agency responsible forborder control related to persons, including passport control and border patrol. The Border Guard is a paramilitary organization, subordinate to the Ministry of the Interior in administrative issues and to the President of the Republic in issues pertaining to the president's authority as Commander-in-Chief (e.g. officer promotions). TheFinland-Russia border is a controlled border, routinely patrolled and protected by aborder zone enforced by the Border Guard. Borders to Norway and Sweden areopen borders, but the Border Guard maintains personnel in the area owing to its search and rescue (SAR) duties. There are two coast guard districts for patrolling maritime borders. The Border Guard has also detachments posted at ports and airports. In peacetime, the Border Guard trainsspecial forces andlight infantry and can be incorporated fully or in part into theFinnish Defence Forces when required by defence readiness. The Border Guard has police and investigative powers in immigration matters and can independently investigate immigration violations. The Border Guard has search and rescue (SAR) duties, both maritime and inland. The Guard operates SAR helicopters that are often used in inland SAR, in assistance of a local fire and rescue department or other authorities. The Border Guard shares border control duties withFinnish Customs, which inspects arriving goods, and theFinnish Police, which enforces immigration decisions such as removal.
The FrenchDirection générale des douanes et droits indirects, Directorate-General of Customs and Indirect Taxes is a law enforcement civilian agency responsible for levying indirect taxes, preventing smuggling, surveilling borders and investigating counterfeit money. The agency acts as a coast guard, border guard, sea rescue organisation and a customs service. Though it is a civilian service, agents are armed. In France, it is commonly known as "les douanes", which means customs ("la douane" is a border checkpoint). Agents are referred to as "douaniers", which means customs officers.In the French legal standards, the prosecution carries the burden of proof since the defendant is presumed innocent; but in customs procedures, the defendant carries the burden of proof.
French Border Police,Police aux frontières orPAF (formerPolice de l'air et des frontières), also have to monitor the borders and conduct checks in some parts.
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In Germany, the Federal Police, a civilian agency subordinated to theMinistry of Interior, is - besides other duties - responsible for border control tasks. Until 2005, the Federal Police was calledFederal Border Guard, and originally was a paramilitary organisation havingmandatory service in the 1970s, but had its military rank structure changed into a civilian one in the 1970s and lost itswartimecombatant status in the 1990s.
TheGerman state ofBavaria reestablished itsState Border Police in the aftermath of theEuropean migrant crisis in 2018 again, after it was merged into theBavarian State Police in 1998 because of theSchengen Agreement.
In October 1964, theBorder Guard Unit was formed as a police unit led by an assistant commissioner of police. The BGU acted as customs agents examining passengers and baggage aboard ships and aircraft.[4][5] It forms part of theGhana Revenue Authority. The primary operation of BGU is the detection and apprehension ofillegal aliens as well as smugglers of aliens at or near the land borders.[6]
Border guards inHong Kong consists of two civilian agencies:
Hong Kong Police Force officers patrol the border with mainland China, but they are not border guards at entry points. Prior to 1995, this role was performed byBritish Army units stationed inHong Kong.
Various police checkpoint booths (boundary crossing) are found along roads and are in the outside Closed Areas. Staffed by uniformed Hong Kong Police officers, vehicle occupants must present papers and/or permits in order to proceed to the border. These officers act as informal border guards, which do not exist in Hong Kong as there is no international boundary with mainland China.
All three border agencies are responsibilities of theSecurity Bureau.
In Hungary border control belongs topolice since 2007. There is no different organization for this role. Policemen serving on the border have the very same uniform as those inside the country. Previously the Frontier Guard or Border Guard was a separate agency, theBorder Guard.
TheFrontier Forces are responsible for the border security ofKyrgyzstan. The Frontier Forces are commanded by theinterior ministry, but are officially part of themilitary of Kyrgyzstan. They had many disagreements of theFrontier Service ofUzbekistan and had a military drill with China in August 2013.
TheBorder Security Force (BSF) is India's largest border patrol agency and is the largest border guarding force of the world. Established in December 1965 in the aftermath of theSecond Indo Pakistani War after theCentral Reserve Police Force, theRajasthan Armed Constabulary and thePunjab Armed Police were relieved from their duties of guarding theIndo-Pakistani Border in the regions ofJammu and Kashmir,Rajasthan andPunjab respectively.[7] It is a component of theCentral Armed Police Forces (CAPFs).[8] It has been guarding theIndia-Pakistan Border since 1965 and theIndo-Bangladeshi Border since 1971, when the Bangladesh gained independence afterBangladesh Liberation War.[9] The BSF is controlled by theMinistry of Home Affairs[8] and is headed by anIndian Police Service Officer.[10]
TheIndo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) is an Indian border patrol force conceived on October 24, 1962, which is responsible for patrolling India's 2115 kilometer border with theTibet Autonomous Region of China. Although it previously patrolled the borders with the help of theAssam Rifles it has been the sole border patrol agency for the entire border since 2002 when it took over the border guarding responsibilities fromAssam Rifles in the states ofArunachal Pradesh andSikkim.Like the BSF it is also a Central Armed Police Force controlled by theMinistry of Home Affairs.[11]
The Central Armed Police Force,Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) guards theIndia–Nepal border and theBhutan–India border.[12]
TheAssam Rifles (AR) is another Central Armed Police Force tasked which has border patrol duties. It is tasked with guarding theIndia–Myanmar border.The Assam Rifles is also controlled by the Ministry of Home Affairs, however the operational control of the AR is exercised by theIndian Army.[13]
Border security inIndonesia are conducted:
TheIslamic Republic of Iran Border Guard Command is the sole agency responsible for border patrol and control, acting underLaw Enforcement Force (which itself is part ofArmed Forces of Iran) since 2000. The agency also hascoast guard duties in maritime borders. The control of entry points in airports are conducted byIslamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.
The Israel Border Police operates as agendarmerie under the supervision of theIsrael Police and was founded as part of the frontier corps before it became the Border Police.
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In Italy the border police service is covered by theGuardia di Finanza, part of theItalian Armed Forces but under the operational control of the Finance Minister for its law enforcement duties; but there is also the Italian Customs Agency, a civilian administration that have the role of Customs Authority. Mostly, the Guardia di Finanza (orFiamme Gialle) fight againstsmuggling,illegal drug trafficking,tax evasion and other financial crimes, even jointly to the Customs Agency. TheImmigration and Border Police also performs passport checks.
In Latvia the State Border Guard is in charge of protecting the border of the country. The armed organization is subordinate to theMinistry of the Interior.
The State Border Guard Service is the organisation charged with controlling and maintaining the Lithuanian Border. The State Border Guard Service falls under authority of the Ministry of the Interior, which supervises and controls the implementation of border guard policy.
Border patrol and immigration control in Macau are conducted byPublic Security Police Force of Macau at land entries (4) with China and atMacau International Airport. Customs duties are performed by Macau Customs agency. Both border guards and customs officers are responsibilities of theSecretariat for Security.
Immigration Department is part of theMalaysian government agency that was recently established in 2015 to guard the country's entry and exit points from illegal activities such assmuggling,illegal migration andhuman trafficking. Before the establishment of the agency,Malaysian borders was guarded by theMalaysian Armed Forces andMalaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency.
The Royal Marechaussee is the fourth organization within the Armed Forces, besides Army, Navy and Air Force. Besides patrolling the border it also has the function of Military Police and protects theRoyal Family.
Border Security Command and Coastal Security Bureau are collectively responsible for restricting unauthorized cross-border (land and sea) entries and exits, in the early 1990s the bureaus responsible for border security and coastal security were transferred from theMinistry of State Security (North Korea) to theMinistry of People's Armed Forces. Sometime thereafter, the Border Security Bureau was enlarged to corps level and renamed the Border Security Command. Previously headquartered in Chagang Province, the Border Security Command was relocated to Pyongyang in 2002.[15]
TheFrontier Corps (FC) (Urdu:فرنٹیئرکور) are fourfederal paramilitary forces recruited mostly from the tribal areas and led by officers from thePakistan Army. The FC are stationed in theKhyber Pakhtunkhwa andBalochistan provinces. There are four distinct forces, known asFC Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (North),FC Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (South),FC Balochistan (North), andFC Balochistan (South). Each force is run by an "inspector general" who is a regular Pakistani Army officer of at leastmajor-general rank, although the forces are officially part of theInterior Ministry.[16]
ThePakistan Rangers are a pair of paramilitary forces under the control of the Ministry of the Interior. In 1995 the Pakistan Rangers divided into two parts; theRangers Punjab headquartered inLahore and theRangers Sindh headquartered inKarachi. The two forces now have different uniforms and chains of command. They are both part of theCivil Armed Forces. There is a third corps headquarters inIslamabad but it is only for units transferred from the other corps for duties in the federal capital.
TheNational Border Service also called SENAFRONT (abbreviation forServicio Nacional de Fronteras) is a police force specialized in the land border area and branch of thePanamanian Public Forces. Its mission is to protect Panama's land borders and protect its sovereignty and territorial integrity and protect rights and freedoms of people, maintain public order, prevent and investigate crimes within their jurisdictions.[17]
Created in 2008, it is the border guard branch of the Panamanian Public Forces.
The Border Guard Service of Russia is (since 2003) an agency of theFederal Security Service.The agency considers itself a direct successor of theSoviet Border Troops, and regularly celebrates the anniversary of the founding of the latter (May 28, 1918).[18] This annual event, known as the Border Guards Day, is celebrated every year by the guards in active service as well as former servicemen inMoscow and throughout the country.[18]
Future world champion and Olympicsport shooterBoris Polak served as a border guard in theRed Army on a mountain top near China, attaining the rank of colonel.[19]
TheBorder Units (Граничне Јединице) were the military border guard of Serbia, until their disbandment on 1 February 2007. The Border Units consisted of 17 battalions, totaling between 5,500 and 7,000 personnel. They were spread out over more than a hundred border posts. The fittest conscripts were assigned to the Border Units, and underwent training similar toSpecial Forces. Under Serbian and also Yugoslav law, the Border Units were the only military formations that were allowed to conduct combat operations during peacetime.
Today the border is guarded by the units of theMinistry of Internal Affairs, specifically the BorderPolice. Their tasks are defined as: monitoring of the state border, increasing the level of security onairports and international waterways on theDanube,Sava, andTisa rivers, suppression of cross-border crime, risk analysis, controlling the movement and stay of foreigners, and operation of border crossings.
As an island, Singapore is surrounded by water and does not share land borders with other countries.
The Border control atChangi Airport,Seletar Airport,Singapore Cruise Centre,Marina Bay Cruise Centre Singapore,Tanah Merah Ferry Terminal,Marina South Pier,Tuas Checkpoint,Woodlands Checkpoint andWoodlands Train Checkpoint,Immigration and Checkpoints Authority andSingapore Customs control the passengers, vehicles and commodities.
Border security at Coastal area is the responsibility of thePolice Coast Guard, a specialised division of theSingapore Police Force that monitors and enforces its maritime borders. AlsoRepublic of Singapore Navy supportSingapore Police Force,Immigration and Checkpoints Authority andSingapore Customs
Korea Immigration Service, a part ofMinistry of Justice, is responsible for protecting border control and Enforcement. Korea Immigration Service issuesVisa, controls traffic of Human atPort of entry andImmigration
Korea Customs Service, is a part ofMinistry of Economy and Finance, responsible for enforceCustoms such asTariff and movement of goods atPort of entry.
In Spain, the law enforcement agenciesGuardia Civil andNational Police are responsible for protecting the borders. There is also a specialized service of the Department of Customs and Special Taxes, theServicio de Vigilancia Aduanera, that has some general border guard duties.
The Border Troops ofTajikistan, also called the Border Service, are part of theMilitary of Tajikistan and answer to theInterior Ministry. They often trained with theAfghan Border Police, and jointly trained with themilitary ofKyrgyzstan in 2011.
The Border Patrol Police isThailand's police force responsible for border security and counter-insurgency, and operates as the law-enforcement arm in conjunction withThahan Phran, theranger paramilitary arm of theRoyal Thai Army.
Border guard services are provided by theBorder Force, a law enforcement command within theHome Office.[20] Border Force is responsible for immigration and customs enforcement atports of entry into the UK, as well as in the UK's waters. Someterritorial police forces on the south-east coast, such asKent Police andEssex Police's marine units, also carry out limited immigration functions.
The UK's only land border, that with theRepublic of Ireland, is not regularly patrolled by the UKBF, but is the responsibility of thePolice Service of Northern Ireland.
In the United States, border control is the responsibility of the Department of Homeland Security. This jurisdictional authority is shared byU.S. Customs and Border Protection (the primary inspection and enforcement component), theU.S. Coast Guard (the primary interdiction components) andU.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (the investigative component).
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is composed of three distinct enforcement arms: the Office of Border Patrol (OBP, otherwise known as the United States Border Patrol), the Office of Field Operations (OFO; commonly called by its former name 'Customs') and the Office of Air and Marine (OAM). OBP is tasked with securing the international border in-between the Ports of Entry (POE) and is a mobile enforcement agency that is structured and employed like any other uniformed police department in the United States. OFO is the federal law enforcement branch tasked with administering the POE's (air, land or sea) and is responsible for determining the admissibility of all persons and goods into the United States. The OAM operates all aircraft and watercraft for CBP and coordinates their interdiction efforts with either OBP, U.S. Coast Guard and/or with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
The U.S. Coast Guard is the only branch of military in the United States that is not subject to thePosse Comitatus Act of 1878. The reason being that both commissioned and petty officers are considered law enforcement officers with limited customs authority pursuant to 19 USC 1401.[21] U.S. Coast Guard has jurisdiction in both domestic and international waters.
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement has the same authority as both U.S. Customs and Border Protection and the U.S. Coast Guard, with the added jurisdiction of investigating violations that occur at both the border and the interior of the United States.
Vietnam Border Guard (Bộ đội Biên phòng Việt Nam) is a branch ofVietnam People's Army and is under command ofMinistry of Defence (Vietnam). It has important roles in protecting Vietnam's sovereignty, maintaining security at land and sea borders. Vietnam Border Guard is established on 3 March 1959. It is organised into three levels: National Command, Provincial Command, and Local Post.[citation needed]
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