As of 2018[update] France rank among the world's biggestpublishers ofbooks in terms of revenue:Éditions Lefebvre Sarrut [fr ] ,Groupe Albin Michel ,Groupe Madrigall (includingÉditions Gallimard ),Hachette Livre (includingÉditions Grasset ), andMartinière Groupe (includingÉditions du Seuil ).[ 1] [ nb 1]
In 1292 the book-trade of Paris consisted of 24 copyists, 17 bookbinders, 19parchment makers, 13illuminators , 8 dealers inmanuscripts .[ 4]
In Paris in 1470, Martin Crantz, Michael Freyburger, andUlrich Gering produced thefirst printed book in France,Epistolae (letters), byGasparinus de Bergamo .[ 5] Lyon appeared one of the first printed French-language books,La Légende Dorée (Golden Legend ) byJacobus de Voragine .
The French royal library began at theLouvre Palace in 1368 during the reign ofCharles V , opened to the public in 1692, and became theBibliothèque nationale de France in 1792. TheCentre National du Livre (Center for the Book) formed in 1946. TheSalon Livre Paris [fr ] began in 1981.
The history of the book in France has been studied from a variety of cultural, economic, political, and social angles. Influential scholars includeRoger Chartier ,Robert Darnton ,Elizabeth Eisenstein , andHenri-Jean Martin .
TheCercle de la Librairie [fr ] (book trade union) organized in 1847 in Paris, and theSyndicat National de la Librairie Ancienne et Moderne booksellers association in 1914.
L'Express bestseller list in 1961, andLivres Hebdo [fr ] [ 6]
^ The same five also topped the list in 2016 and 2017.[ 2] [ 3] ^ "The World's 54 Largest Publishers, 2018" ,Publishers Weekly ^ "World's 52 Largest Book Publishers, 2016" ,Publishers Weekly , US, 26 August 2016^ "World's 54 Largest Publishers, 2017" ,Publishers Weekly , US, 25 August 2017^ "Book-trade" .Chambers's Encyclopaedia {{cite book }}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link )^ Claudin 1898 .^ Lacôte-Gabrysiak 2010 .^ Martine Poulain [in French] (2016). "France".Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science (4th ed.). Taylor & Francis.ISBN 9781466552593 G.W. Porter; G.K. Fortescue, eds. (1889)."Bibliographies of Countries: France" .List of Bibliographical Works in the Reading Room of the British Museum (2nd ed.). London.OCLC 3816244 – viaInternet Archive . {{cite book }}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link )Anatole Claudin (1898).The First Paris Press: an account of the books printed for G. Fichet and J. Heynlin in the Sorbonne, 1470-1472 The Bibliographical Society . Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: France".Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum hdl :2027/uc1.c3450632 .OCLC 6438080 – viaHathiTrust .Alice Bertha Kroeger ;Isadore Gilbert Mudge (1917)."Bibliography: National and Trade: French" .Guide to the Study and Use of Reference Books (3rd ed.).American Library Association .David T. Pottinger (1958).French Book Trade in the Ancien Regime, 1500-1791 . Harvard University Press.ISBN 9780674432581 {{cite book }}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help ) Allen Kent ; et al., eds. (1978)."Printers and Printing" .Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science ISBN 978-0-8247-2023-0 Printing in France before 1501, p. 342+ 16th Century: France 17th Century: France 18th Century: France Roger Chartier (1987),"Frenchness in the History of the Book" (PDF) ,Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society 97 David J. Shaw (1993),"Two unrecorded incunables: Rouen, circa 1497, and Lyons, circa 1500" ,British Library Journal ISSN 1478-0259 Philip G. Altbach ; Edith S. Hoshino, eds. (1995). "France".International Book Publishing: An Encyclopedia ISBN 9781134261260 Robert Darnton (1996).Forbidden Best-sellers of Pre-revolutionary France ISBN 978-0-393-31442-7 "France: Directory: Publishers".Europa World Year Book 2004 Europa Publications . 2004. p. 1700+.ISBN 1857432533 Andrew Pettegree ; Malcolm Walsby; Alexander Wilkinson, eds. (2007).French Vernacular Books: Books Published in the French Language before 1601 . Vol. 1– 2. Brill.ISBN 9789004156876 Vincent Giroud (2013). "France". In Michael F. Suarez;H. R. Woudhuysen (eds.).The Book: A Global History ISBN 978-0-19-967941-6 "French book publishers risk being lost in translation without global reach" ,Guardian , UK, 13 May 2014Pamela Druckerman (9 July 2014),"The French Do Buy Books. Real Books" ,New York Times
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![L'Armitière [fr] bookshop in Rouen, est. 1963 (photo 2013)](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aCour_int%25C3%25A9rieure_de_la_librairie_l%2527Armiti%25C3%25A8re_(Rouen%2c_France).jpg)
