| Bonneville Salt Flats | |
|---|---|
 Sunset at the Bonneville Salt Flats in 2015. Unique hexagon patterns are formed by the freezing and thawing of brackish waters. | |
  Bonneville Salt Flats | |
| Floor elevation | 1,291 m (4,236 ft) |
| Length | 12 mi (19 km) |
| Width | 5 mi (8.0 km) |
| Area | 40 sq mi (100 km2) [1] |
| Geography | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Utah |
| County | Tooele |
| Borders on | Interstate 80 in Utah (south) West Wendover, Nevada (west) |
| Coordinates | 40°47′59″N113°48′00″W / 40.79972°N 113.80000°W /40.79972; -113.80000 |
TheBonneville Salt Flats are a densely packedsalt pan inTooele County in northwesternUtah, United States. A remnant of thePleistoceneLake Bonneville, it is the largest of many salt flats west of theGreat Salt Lake. It ispublic land managed by theBureau of Land Management and is known forland speed records at theBonneville Speedway. The Flats are open to the public.
The Flats are about 12 miles (19 km) long and 5 miles (8 km) wide, with a crust almost 5 ft (1.5m) thick at the center and less than one inch (2.5 cm) towards the edges. It is estimated to hold 147 million tons ofsalt, about 90% of which iscommon table salt.[2]
GeologistGrove Karl Gilbert named the area afterBenjamin Bonneville, aU.S. Armyofficer who explored theIntermountain West in the 1830s.[2][3] In 1907, Bill Rishel and two local businessmen tested the suitability of the salt for driving by taking aPierce-Arrow onto its surface.[4]
A railway line across the Flats was completed in 1910, marking the first permanent crossing.[2] The firstland speed record was set there in 1914 byTeddy Tetzlaff.[5]
Several movies and television shows have included scenes shot at the Flats, includingWalking with Dinosaurs Special - The Ballad of Big Al,Knight Rider,Warlock,Independence Day (1996) andits sequel,SLC Punk,Cremaster 2 fromCremaster Cycle,The Brown Bunny,The World's Fastest Indian,Gerry,The Tree of Life,Top Gear andPirates of the Caribbean: At World's End.
ThePontiac Bonneville (former flagship sedan of thePontiac motor division), theTriumph Bonneville motorcycle, and theBonneville International media company are all named for the Flats.
The Bonneville Salt Flats hosts the annual US Flight Archery Championships. The goal offlight archery is to shoot arrows from bows at the greatest distance possible. The 1977 (archer Don Brown) and 1982 (archer Alan Webster) world records were set there.[6]
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The thickness of salt crust is a critical factor in racing use of the salt flats. TheBureau of Land Management (BLM) has undertaken multiple studies on the topic; while a 2007 study determined that there was little change in the crust's thickness from 1988 to 2003,[8] more recent studies have shown a reduction in thickness, especially in the northwest area where racing occurs.[9]
The flats' overall area has contracted over the past several decades.[9] Many believe nearby evaporativepotash mining is the primary factor.[10]
Collaboration between racing organizations, the potash mine, and the BLM led to a pilot program begun in 1998 to release excess brine onto the salt flats during winter. Plans to increase the volume of brine returned to the salt flats are hoped to halt loss of crust thickness, or possibly restore it where it has become too thin to sustain human use.[11]
Land speed records andLand speed racing records have been set many times on the Bonneville Salt Flats. The record for wheel-driven vehicles (449 MPH) was set there in 2018, and for rocket or jet propelled vehicles (630 MPH; since superseded) in 1970.
Motorcar racing has taken place at the salt flats since 1914. Racing takes place at part of the Bonneville Salt Flats known as theBonneville Speedway. There are five major land speed events that take place at the Bonneville Salt Flats. Bonneville "Speed Week" takes place mid-August followed by "World of Speed" in September and the "World Finals" take place early October.
These three events welcome cars, trucks, and motorcycles. The "Bub Motorcycle Speed Trials" are for motorcycles only. World records are contested at the Mike Cook ShootOut in September. The Southern California Timing Association and the Utah Salt Flats Racing Association organizes and plans the multi-vehicle events, but all event promoters contribute to prepping and maintaining the salt. "Speed Week" events in August were canceled in 2015 and 2022, due to the poor condition of the salt in certain parts of the flats. The salt flats had been swamped by heavy rains earlier in the year, as usual, but this year the rains also triggered mudslides from surrounding mountains onto a section of the flats used for the land-speed racing courses.[12]
In 2004, theStardust spacecraft released its sample-return capsule for a landing in the Bonneville Salt Flats after its flybys of asteroid5535 Annefrank in 2002 and cometWild 2 in 2004.[13]
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