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The city ofUlm, in the German state ofBaden-Württemberg, was heavily bombed during the closing months ofWorld War II. The first and heaviest raid, on December 17, 1944, left 707 people dead, 613 injured, and 25,000 homeless.[1] Two largetruck factories,Magirus-Deutz andKässbohrer, were the primary targets. There were several other important industries and someWehrmacht barracks and depots.
During the 25-minute raid, 317Avro Lancaster bombers and 13de Havilland Mosquito light bombers dropped a total of 1,472 tonnes (1,623 short tons) of bombs, starting in the city center (Münsterplatz) and then creeping back to the west across the industrial and railway areas. The Gallwitz Barracks and several military hospitals were among 14 establishments destroyed. The city's historicUlm Minster church suffered only minor damage. Two Lancasters were lost.[2]
Subsequent raids on March 1 and April 19, 1945, by British and American aircraft, left a total of 632 dead.[3][full citation needed] By the end of the war, 80 percent of the city center was destroyed. Only 1,763 out of 12,756 buildings remained intact.[1]
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