Tinubu spent his early life insouthwestern Nigeria and later moved to the United States where he studied accounting atChicago State University. He returned to Nigeria in the 1980s and was employed byMobil Nigeria as an accountant, before entering politics as a Lagos West senatorial candidate in1992 under the banner of theSocial Democratic Party. After the military dictatorSani Abacha dissolved the Senate in 1993, Tinubu went into exile and became an activist campaigning for the return of democracy as a part of theNational Democratic Coalition movement.
Tinubu was born in Lagos to a Muslim family from theYoruba ethnic group,[2] the son ofAbibatu Mogaji, theÌyál'ọ́jà ofLagos. He is generally accepted in reliable sources to have been born in 1952;[3] this year of birth is sometimes disputed by political opponents, who argue that he is much older. Some reliable sources note that his age has not been verified.[4][5]
Education
Tinubu attended St. John's Primary School, Aroloya, Lagos before proceeding to Children Home School inIbadan.[6] Tinubu arrived in the United States in 1975, where he commenced undergraduate studies first atRichard J. Daley College in Chicago and then atChicago State University where he majored inaccounting andmanagement. He worked odd jobs as a dishwasher, night security guard and cab driver to support himself through college.[7] He made the honordean's list as an undergraduate and taught remedial class tutorials, some of his classmates credited his lectures for their improved grades. Tinubu was the university accounting society president in his senior year. His cumulative GPA was 3.54.[7] Tinubu graduatedsumma cum laude with a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration in 1979.[8][9]
Early career
After graduating, Tinubu worked as an accountant for the American companiesArthur Andersen,Deloitte andGTE Services Corporation.[10][11] At Deloitte, he gained experience in auditing and management consultancy services forFortune 500 corporations. He was a consultant forSaudi Aramco's joint venture partner National Oil, helping to establish their accounting and auditing system and leading to his first financial breakthrough.[12] Tinubu moved to London where he was recruited as an auditor forMobil Oil UK before later joining Mobil Producing Nigeria Unlimited (nowSeplat Energy[13]) as a senior company executive and treasurer in the 1980s.[14][12]
Tinubu actively contributed and raised funds for community development programs in Lagos leading Primrose Group, a political action organization advocating for fundamental progressive changes in the state's politics during theBabangida administration. He later opted fully to enter politics in exchange for his lucrative job at Mobil.[15]
In 1992, he waselected to theSenate, representingLagos West Senatorial District. At the National Assembly, he chaired the Senate Committee on Banking, Finance, Appropriation, and Currency.[17]
After the results of the12 June 1993 presidential elections were annulled, Tinubu became a founding member of the pro-democracyNational Democratic Coalition (NADECO), a group which mobilized support for the restoration of democracy and recognition of Abiola as the winner of the 12 June election.
Following theseizure of power asmilitary head of state of GeneralSani Abacha,[18] Tinubu faced numerous arrests, detentions, harassment, and threats to his life, forcing him to flee Nigeria for safety. Undeterred, he joined NADECO abroad in-exile to continue fighting for democratic governance and the restoration of rule in the country. He went into exile in 1994 and returned to the country in 1998 after Abacha's death, which ushered in the transition to theFourth Nigerian Republic.[19]
As a skilled political strategist, Tinubu survived the then rulingPeople's Democratic Party (PDP) massive takeover of the South Western States of Nigeria as the sole re-elected Governor of the AD. This led to frequent clashes with the PDP-controlled Federal Government, especially over his creation of 37 additional Local Council Development Areas for Lagos States. A Supreme Court ruling in his favor ordered the release of seized Lagos State Local Government funds.
During his 8 years in government, Tinubu initiated new road construction, required to meet the needs of the fast-growing population of the state. Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu, the Executive Governor of Lagos State, Nigeria (1999–2007), received numerous awards for his exceptional leadership. These include Best Governor in Nigeria for 2000 by the Nigerian-Belgian Chamber of Commerce, Y2002 Best Practices Prize for improving the living environment by the Federal Ministry of Works and the UN Habitat Group, and Y2000 Best Computerized Government in Nigeria Award by the Computer Association of Nigeria. He was also conferred with the Honorary Doctor of Law Degree byAbia State University for his contributions to democracy, good governance, and Nigeria's development. Tinubu holds numerous chieftaincy titles and supports various professional and social organizations.[23]
Tinubu, alongside a new deputy governor,Femi Pedro, won re-election into office as governor in April 2003. All other states in the South West fell to thePeople's Democratic Party in those elections.[24] He was involved in a struggle with theOlusegun Obasanjo-controlledfederal government over whether Lagos State had the right to create new Local Council Development Areas (LCDAs) to meet the needs of its large population. The controversy led to the federal government seizing funds meant for local councils in the state.[25] During the latter part of his term in office, he was engaged in continuous clashes withPDP powers such asAdeseye Ogunlewe, a formerLagosState senator who had become minister of works, andBode George, thesouthwest chairman of the PDP.[26]
In 2006, Tinubu attempted to persuade the then-vice president of NigeriaAtiku Abubakar to become the head of his new party, theAction Congress of Nigeria (ACN). Abubakar who was a member of the People's Democratic Party (PDP), had recently fallen out with PresidentOlusegun Obasanjo over Abubakar's ambition to succeed Obasanjo as president. Tinubu offered Abubakar the chance to switch parties and join the AC, offering him his party's presidential candidacy, with the condition that he, Tinubu, would be Atiku Abubakar'srunning mate. Atiku declined the proposition and, having switched to the AC, chose a running mate fromthe South East, Senator Ben Obi. Although Atiku ran for office on Tinubu's platform in the election, the PDP still won, in alandslide.[27]
Relations between Tinubu and deputy governorFemi Pedro became increasingly tense after Pedro declared his intention to run for the gubernatorial elections. Pedro competed to become the AC candidate for governor in the 2007 elections, but withdrew his name on the eve of the party nomination. He defected to the Labour Party while still keeping his position as deputy governor.[28] Tinubu's tenure as Lagos State Governor ended on 29 May 2007, when his successor and former chief of staffBabatunde Fashola took office as Lagos state governor.[29][30]
In 2009, following the landslide victory of the People's Democratic Party (PDP) in theApril 2007 elections, Tinubu became involved in negotiations to bring together the fragmented opposition parties into a "mega-party" capable of challenging the then ruling PDP.[31] In March 2009, there were reports that a plot had been identified to assassinate Tinubu.[32]
2011 presidential election
Tinubu as the ACN's national leader openly endorsed the joint candidacy ofNuhu Ribadu andFola Adeola as the ACN's presidential and vice presidential candidates in 2011.[33]Sahara Reporters later revealed that Tinubu made a deal with the Jonathan administration to support his re-election instead or face perjury charges levied against him on two counts by the federal government over his educational background.[34][35] Tinubu had previously filled out governorship candidate forms in 1998 to theIndependent National Electoral Commission, falsely admitting that he had attendedGovernment College, Ibadan.[36] Tinubu later stated in the run up to the 2015 election that he supported the candidacy ofGoodluck Jonathan due to his perceived reform agenda, a claim which he had previously sued publisherSahara Reporters over.[33][37][38]
In 2014, Tinubu supported formermilitary head of state GeneralMuhammadu Buhari, leader of the CPC faction of the APC – who commanded widespread following in Northern Nigeria, and had previously contested in the2003,2007 and2011 presidential elections as the CPC presidential candidate.[41] Tinubu initially wanted to become Buhari's vice presidential candidate but later conceded forYemi Osinbajo, his ally and former commissioner of justice.[42] In 2015, Buhari rode the APC to victory, ending the 16-year rule of the PDP, and marking the first time an incumbent Nigerian president lost to an opposition candidate.[43]
Tinubu went on to play an important role in the Buhari administration, supporting government policies and holding onto the internal party reins, in lieu of his long-held rumored presidential aspiration.[44] In 2019, he supported Buhari's re-election campaign defeating the PDP candidateAtiku Abubakar. In 2020, following an internal party crisis which led to the removal of Tinubu ally and party chairmanAdams Oshiomole, it is believed the move was to scuttle Tinubu's presidential prospects ahead of 2023.[45]
On 10 January 2022, Tinubu made his formal announcement of candidacy for president.[46][47][48] On 8 June 2022, Tinubu won the party convention vote of the ruling APC, scoring 1,271, to defeat Vice PresidentYemi Osinbajo and Rotimi Amaechi who scored 235 and 316 respectively.[49]
On 1 March 2023,INEC declared Tinubu winner of the2023 presidential election.[50]He was declaredpresident-elect after he polled 8,794,726 votes to defeat his opponents. He took 36.6 percent of the vote and polled at least 25 percent in 28 states, just barely enough to win the presidency in a single round.[51] His runner-up Atiku Abubakar of the opposition People's Democratic Party (PDP) polled 6,984,520 votes. Labour Party's Peter Obi had 6,101,533 votes to come third.[52]
The general election was noted by initially high projected turnout and lack of a peaceful voting process. It was marred by reports of vote buying, voter intimidation, attacks on polling units in certain areas, and unpunctual electoral officials along with accusations of outright fraud;[53][54] to compound issues with trust in the election,Independent National Electoral Commission officials failed to upload polling unit results to the INEC result viewing portal as previously assured would happen on election day.[55][56][57] As state results started to be announced on 26 February at the national collation centre inAbuja, opposition emerged as results data had still not been fully uploaded prior to their announcement in accordance with the law.[58][59] These circumstances along with statements critical of INEC from observers and civil society groups led the Abubakar, Obi, and Kwankwaso campaigns to question and then officially reject the announced election results by 28 February.[60][61][62][63] All three main opposition campaigns, in addition to some civil society groups and former PresidentOlusegun Obasanjo, called on the commission to rerun the election due to fraud and violence.[64][65][66][67][68] Meanwhile, the Tinubu campaign praised the commission and called for the arrest of PDP spokesmen for "incitement of violence."[69] In the early morning of 1 March, INEC chairmanMahmood Yakubu declared Tinubu as the victor after all state results were collated.[70] In response, Abubakar, Obi, and Kwankwaso rejected and vowed to challenge the results.[71][72][73]
Tinubu in his inaugural address promulgated the removal of the government subsidy on fuel.[78] The statement in his inaugural address caused initial panic buying and an overnight increase in prices at fuel pump stations in Nigeria.[79] The national labour unionNLC called for nationwide strike and protests over the increase in fuel price, which was later called off amidst ongoing negotiations with government representatives.[80] The government subsidy on fuel consumption has caused a haemorrhage on the Nigerian public purse for decades and the removal was lauded as a positive development by theWorld Bank for the Nigerian economy.[81]
On 29 May 2023, Tinubu ended the costly subsidy of fuel that had previously existed in Nigeria, bringingprivatization to thepetroleum industry of Nigeria. The subsidy had cost the Nigerian government $10 billion per year at the time it was finally ended by Tinubu.[82]
President Tinubu on the night of 9 June suspendedGodwin Emefiele, the powerfulgovernor of the central bank of Nigeria.[83] Emefiele's suspension was the second ever a head of the apex bank in its history was removed by a Nigerian president.[84] Emefiele was arrested by Nigerian secret policeSSS in Lagos attempting to flee the country to Benin.[85] The suspension was viewed as a positive development.[86][87] Emefiele as a conservative banker ascribed to the old school of propping up theNigerian naira.[88][87][89] Emefiele was replaced by one of his more economical liberal deputies Folashodun Adebisi as acting governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria in a statement by the presidency "sequel to the ongoing investigation of his office and the planned reforms in the financial sector of the economy".[89] The suspension and subsequent arrest of Emefiele by secret police on charges of terrorism financing is seen as not far removed from his ideological leanings and politicising of the apex bank with his initiatives in office such as arbitrage under the Buhari administration and a currency redesign of the Nigerian naira.[90] However, some observers have noted the role of politics in Emefiele's suspension amid a clandestine raise in government debt borrowing ceiling from 5% to 15% throughways and means on the eve of the inauguration of President Tinubu.[91]
On the back of his suspension, the apex bank five days later on 14 June removed all foreign exchange trading restrictions and allowed the national currency to fall to its lowest ever on the market.[92] The move, though not unprecedented, signalled what was expected after the suspension.[93] Tinubu's financial reforms has been seen as surpassing the1986 SAP regime in a bid to drastically overhaul the Nigerian economy and government finances since the return of democracy two decades prior.[94][95] On 15 June, President Tinubu inaugurated the national economic council chaired by Vice President Shettima.[96] The Council is mandated to advise the President on economic affairs and is composed of the governor of the central bank and all state governors of the federation.[97] Tinubu's close associate, investment bankerWale Edun, is the monetary policy czar.[98]
President Tinubu on 19 June proclaimed MallamNuhu Ribadu as theNational Security Adviser.[104] The appointment of Nuhu Ribadu, a former police officer, was viewed as a radical turn from the military establishment which has long dominated the state security apparatus of Nigeria.[105] President Tinubu purged the leadership of the entire armed and paramilitary forces on 19 June retiring in the process over one hundred and fiftymajor generals.[106][107] The direction of state security under Tinubu is expected to be led by civilian control of the military under the Office of the National Security Adviser, a statutory constitutional body established in 1993.[108]
Tinubu embarked on his first foreign visit as Nigerian president to Paris on 21 June to attend a global financial summit held atPalais Brongniart from 22 to 24 June.[109] He left Paris for London on a "private visit" where he met with his predecessor Muhammadu Buhari.[110] Tinubu despite drastic changes in fiscal and monetary policies had yet to constitute hiscabinet.[111] He has made calls for a coalition government in order to bring opposition leaders under him.[112] A constitutional amendment passed by his predecessor made provisions for the President to appoint Ministers within the first sixty days in office. Tinubu dissolved the boards of all ministries, departments and agencies of Nigeria on 19 June.[113] Having spent one month in office and with the conclusion of parliamentary leadership elections Tinubu is constrained by law to send ministerial nominations to theSenate for hearing before July 29.[114]
In August 2023, he advocated for military intervention intoNiger during the2023 Nigerien crisis.[115] This was criticised by the opposition.[116]
On 29 May 2024, Tinubu signed into law an act readoptingNigeria, We Hail Thee, which was the country'snational anthem from 1960 to 1978, as its national anthem, replacingArise, O Compatriots.[118] Tinubu declared a state of emergency in Rivers State removing the governor and replacing him with an appointed administrator.[118] The moved was widely criticized as being grotesquely unconstitutional.[118]
In late September 2025, a coup plot against the Tinubu administration which was uncovered by Nigerian was leaked bySahara Reporters.[119][120]Independence Day military parade scheduled for 1 October 2025[121] was cancelled,[122] 16 military officers were arrested by theDefence Intelligence Agency.[123] Initial reports of the plot were denied by the military who downplayed the arrests as disciplinary in nature.[124][125] The plot allegedly involved officers of northerner extraction led by a popular lieutenant colonel attached to the office of the national security adviser with alleged financial support from former governor and petroleum ministerTimipre Sylva.[126] The plotters planned to violently overthrow the federal government on 25 October by assassinating the President and severalhigh-ranking government officials then seizing power for themselves through a military government.[127] Tinubu replaced the military service chiefs on 18 October, with GeneralOlufemi Oluyede promoted tochief of defence staff and investigations are still ongoing.[128]
In December 2025, Tinubu authorized theNigerian Armed Forces to carry out a military intervention in neighbouring Benin to support the country's government following acoup attempt against PresidentPatrice Talon.[134]
On 25 December 2025, at the request of Tinubu's administration the United States carried out a strike against theIslamic State innorthwest Nigeria. U.S. PresidentDonald Trump, claimed the U.S. struck in order to protect Christians from perceivedreligious violence in northern Nigeria, the U.S. strike is the first foreign military intervention in post-independence Nigeria.[135]
Ideology and public image
Tinubu has throughout his political career espoused a comprehensive political and economic platform. Tinubu's ideal ofprogressivism include the values ofegalitarianism,social justice,liberty, and the recognition offundamental rights. He views the state as a positive advocate for thepublic welfare and its intervention in Nigerian society as necessary to ensure equality, justice, and social harmony.[136] This ideal is not so far removed from his activism of democracy during themilitary dictatorship in Nigeria.[137]
Economic views
His presidency and economic policies, which are known as Tinubunomics,[138] are expected to be a politico-ideological departure fromBuharism, albeit most international economists are yet to ascertain the nature of this departure in economic terms; reforms in his first month in office have shown a departure from the previous administration.[139][140] The World Bank andIMF have pointed out the need for the incoming government to establish macro-structural adjustments on the scale of the late 1980s reform to re-herald the Nigerian economy amidst a global slowdown.[141] Tinubunomics has been outlined in a book he co-authored with Brian Browne, an American consul general in Lagos.[142][143]
Tinubu has been widely perceived as the "Godfather of Lagos".[144] His role in pulling the strings of the mega city-state was exposed inThe Lion of Bourdillon, a 2015 documentary film highlighting Tinubu's political and financial grip on the city-state. Tinubu filed a ₦150 billion libel suit against the producers,Africa Independent Television (AIT).[145] The documentary ceased airing on 6 March 2015. He has attempted to strongarm the political process, including in December 2009, when it was reported that Fashola and Tinubu had fallen out over the issue of Fashola's re-election as Governor of Lagos in 2011, with Tinubu preferring the commissioner for environment,Muiz Banire.[146] A similar conflict took place in 2015 over Fashola's successor,Akinwunmi Ambode, pitting Fashola against Tinubu, who threw his full weight behind Ambode.[147] Ambode succeeded Fashola, was ousted by Tinubu and replaced by incumbentBabajide Sanwo-Olu.[148][149]
Allegations of corruption
In 1993, his assets were frozen by the United States government as a result of a court case asserting that the American government had "probable cause" to believe Tinubu's American bank accounts held the proceeds ofheroin dealing. He settled with the U.S. government and forfeited about $460,000 later that year. Court documents and later reporting on the case suggested he worked in league with twoChicago heroin dealers.[150][151][152]
In April 2007, after the general elections, but before the governor-elect Babatunde Fashola had taken office, the Federal Government brought Tinubu before the Code of Conduct Bureau for trial over the alleged illegal operation of 16 separate foreign accounts.[153]
In January 2009, theEconomic and Financial Crimes Commission cleared Tinubu and governorsJames Ibori ofDelta State andObong Victor Attah ofAkwa Ibom State of charges of conspiracy, money laundering, abuse of office and official corruption in relation to a sale ofVmobile network shares in 2004.[154] In September 2009, there were reports that the BritishMetropolitan Police were investigating a transaction in which theLagos State government made an investment in Econet (nowAirtel). Tinubu said the transaction was straightforward and profitable to the state, with no intermediaries involved.[155] The Federal Government rejected a request by Britain to release evidence needed for further investigation and prosecution of the three Nigerian ex-governors in a London court.[156]
During the 2019 election, abullion van was seen entering Tinubu's residence on Bourdillion Road inIkoyi, which caused him to later exclaim: "I keep money anywhere I want."[157]
Personal life
Tinubu marriedOluremi Tinubu, who is a former senator representing theLagos Central senatorial district, in 1987. They have three children, Zainab Abisola Tinubu, Habibat Tinubu and Olayinka Tinubu.[158][159] He fathered three children from previous relationships, Kazeem Olajide Tinubu (12 October 1974 – 31 October 2017), Folashade Tinubu (born 17 June 1976) and Oluwaseyi Tinubu (born 13 October 1985).[160]
Tinubu's mother,Abibatu Mogaji, died on 15 June 2013 at the age of 96.[161] On 31 October 2017, his son, Jide Tinubu, died in London.[162]
^GOBERT EMERSON Jr., TAIWO AMODU and DURO ADESEKO (11 April 2009)."Mega party, mega confusion". Daily Sun. Archived fromthe original on 15 April 2009. Retrieved24 December 2009.