| Busa | |
|---|---|
| Bisã | |
| Native to | Nigeria,Benin |
| Ethnicity | Bissa people |
Native speakers | 110,000 (2012)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:bqp – Busabus – Busa-Bokobaru |
| Glottolog | busa1253 Busaboko1267 Bokobaru |
| Busa[2] | |
|---|---|
| Person | Busa |
| People | Busano |
| Language | Bisã |
Busa, orBisã, is theMande language of the formerBorgu Emirate in northwesternNigeria and northernBenin. It is calledBusanci inHausa, and has also been calledZugweya.
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Busa language can be better known asBusa, but it is also known with the native nameBisã or with the Hausa nameBusanci (also spelledBusanchi,BussanciorBussanchi). This is extremely similar to theBusa language of Papua New Guinea or the relatedBissa language of Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo and Ivory Coast.
The Mande branch consists of Soninke, Songhai, and Mandika branches that slowly evolved due to slavery.
One person or speaker is called aBusa and more persons/speakers are calledBusano and the language of the Busano/Bussawa people is calledBisã.
The Busa people are one of two subgroups of theBissa people, the other being the Boko people, who speak theBoko language. They are not aclan but a subgroup. They are related to theBariba people, who speak theBariba language, which is aGur language. The Bissa people proper speak theBissa language, which is closely related to Busa.
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In Nigeria, Busa is spoken inBorguLGA ofNiger State, inBagudo LGA ofKebbi State, and inBaruten LGA ofKwara state. A number of Busa have migrated to other parts of Nigeria, includingAbuja. The Busa people are referred to asBussawa in Hausa.
TheBokobaru dialect also known as Bokhobaru is spoken mainly inKayama and Baruten LGA's, Kwara state.
In Benin, Busa is spoken inAlibori andBorgou departments. The Bokobaru dialect is not spoken in Benin.
Busa language is spoken in cities likeBussa,New Bussa,Bagudo,Kosubosu,Kaiama,Segbana, andKalalé, and Bokobaru is dominant in the city of Kaiama.
Bariba, which is aGur language, is also spoken by the Bussawa.
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Busa language is the most populous of theMande languages of Nigeria. It is part of theEastern Mande group, which also includes several other languages spoken across theVolta River and theBorgu Kingdom, includingBoko,Bissa, andSamo.
Bokobaru is a dialect.
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Speakers ofLaru andLopa, which areKainji languages, are also speakers of Busa and are shifting and also speak it as aSecond language along with theHausa language, and some Laru/Lopa speak it as a native language.
Busa language has 32 letters (Aa, Ãã, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ɛɛ, Ɛ̃ɛ̃, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Ĩĩ, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Ɔɔ, Ɔ̃ɔ̃, Pp, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Ũũ, Vv, Ww, Yy, Zz) and 25digraphs (Aa aa, Ãa ãa, Ee ee, Ẽe ẽe, Ɛɛ ɛɛ, Ɛ̃ɛ ɛ̃ɛ, Gb gb, Ii ii, Ĩi ĩi, Kp kp, Oo oo, Ɔ̃ɔ ɔ̃ɔ, Uu uu, Ũu ũu, gw, mb, mp, nd, ng, nk, ns, nt, nz).[3]
High tones are marked with anacute accent and low tones are marked with agrave accent.[3]
| Labial | Dental/ | Palatal | Velar | Labial-velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | /m/ m | /n/ n | |||||
| Plosive | voiced | /b/ b | /d/ d | /ɡ/ g | /ɡ͡b/ gb, /gʷ/ gw | ||
| voiceless | /p/ p | /t/ t | /k/ k | /k͡p/ kp | |||
| Pre Nasalized Voiced | /ᵐb/ mb | /ⁿd/ nd | /ᵑɡ/ ng | ||||
| Pre Nasalized Voiceless | /ᵐp/ mp | /ⁿt/ nt | /ᵑk/ nk | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | /f/ f | /s/ s | /h/ h | |||
| voiced | /v/ v | /z/ z | |||||
| Pre Nasalized Voiced | /ⁿz/ nz | ||||||
| Pre Nasalized Voiceless | /ⁿs/ ns | ||||||
| Approximant | /l/ l | /j/ y | /w/ w | ||||
| Flap | /ɾ/ r | ||||||
Busa uses /a, e, ɛ, i, o, ɔ, u/ with nasalization and length distinction. Length is represented with a double vowel and everything else is written the way it is in the IPA.[4]
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