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Boiken language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ndu language of Papua New Guinea
Boiken
Native toPapua New Guinea
RegionSepik River basin
Native speakers
35,000 (2004)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3bzf
Glottologboik1241
ELPBoiken

Boiken (Nucum, Yangoru) is one of the more populous of theNdu languages ofSepik River region of northernPapua New Guinea. It is spoken aroundBoiken Creek inYangoru-Saussia District,East Sepik Province and adjacent islands off the north coast of northern Papua New Guinea.[1]

Phonology

[edit]
Boiken consonants[2]
LabialDentalAlveolarDorsalGlottal
Nasalmn(ŋ)
Stopptk(ʔ)
Affricatet̪s̪
Fricativevoicelessɸsx
voicedɣ
Approximantwj
Trillr
Flapɺ
  • Stop sounds /p, t̪s̪, t, k/ are heard as voiced [b, d̪z̪, d, ɡ] when following a nasal counterpart.
  • /k/ has an allophone of a glottal [ʔ] in word-final position, or when preceding a consonant in word-medial position.
  • Sounds /ɸ, s, x/ can be voiced as [β, z, ɣ] in intervocalic positions.
  • /n/ is heard as [ŋ] when preceding velar consonants, or freely in word-final position.
  • /r/ can be heard as a voiceless trill [r̥] in word-initial positions.
Boiken vowels[2]
FrontCentralBack
Closeiɨu
Mideəo
Openæaɒ
  • /ɨ, ə/ have allophones of [ɪ, ɛ] when following dental and alveolar sounds.
  • /u/ has an allophone of [ʊ] when preceding /k/ heard as a glottal [ʔ] in word-medial and word-final positions.
  • /o/ has an allophone of [ɔ] when following labial and velar sounds.

References

[edit]
  1. ^abBoiken atEthnologue (25th ed., 2022)Closed access icon
  2. ^abFreudenburg, Allen & Marlene (1974).Boiken phonemes. In Richard Loving (ed.), Phonologies of four Papua New Guinea languages: Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp. 97–127.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)

External links

[edit]
  • Paradisec houses two collections ofArthur Capell's materials that include Boiken (AC1 andAC2) as well as notes fromDon Laycock's work (DL2) all of these collections are open access.
Upper Sepik
Wogamusin
Iwam
Amal–Kalou
Other
Middle Sepik
Nukuma
Ndu
Yellow River
Other
Sepik Hill
Sanio
Bahinemo
Alamblak
Papi
Others
Ram
Tama
Others
Official languages
Major Indigenous
languages
Other Papuan
languages
Angan
Awin–Pa
Binanderean
Bosavi
Chimbu–Wahgi
New Ireland
Duna–Pogaya
East Kutubuan
East Strickland
Engan
Eleman
Ok–Oksapmin
Teberan
Tirio
Turama–Kikorian
Larger families
Sign languages

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