The Blues and Royals (Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons) (RHG/D) is acavalry regiment of theBritish Army, part of theHousehold Cavalry. TheColonel of the Regiment isAnne, Princess Royal. It is the second-most senior regiment in the British Army.
The regiment was formed in 1969 from the merger of theRoyal Horse Guards, which was known as "the Blues" or "the Oxford Blues", and theRoyal Dragoons, which was known as "the Royals".[2] Of these, the Blues were founded as a unit of theNew Model Army, having been raised in 1650 by SirArthur Haselrig on orders fromOliver Cromwell; it was incorporated into theRestoration army in 1660 and gained the title "Royal" in the 18th century. The Royal Dragoons were formed shortly after the Restoration, in 1661, composed of cavalry veterans of the New Model Army.[3]
Since formation in 1969, the new regiment has served in several countries. From 1969 the regiment had troops deployed toNorthern Ireland as part ofOperation Banner. In the 1970s and 1980s, during theCold War, the Regiment was headquartered atDetmold inWest Germany and was a unit of theBritish Army of the Rhine's20th Armoured Brigade, part of the3rd Armored Division with an armoured and reconnaissance role.[4]
During that time it was tasked with defending part of theNorth German Plain in the event of an invasion by theWarsaw Pact. During theFalklands War of 1982, the regiment provided the two armoured reconnaissance troops. The regiment also had a squadron on operational duty with theUnited Nations inBosnia in 1994–95. Most recently, the regiment saw action in theIraq War and theWar in Afghanistan.[2]
BothPrince William andPrince Harry joined the regiment ascornets in 2006.[5]
As a result of theOptions for Change Review in 1991, The Blues and Royals formed a union for operational purposes with theLife Guards as theHousehold Cavalry Regiment. However, they each maintain their regimental identity, with distinct uniforms and traditions, and their own colonel. The Blues and Royals currently has two reconnaissance squadrons inWindsor, which are part of the Household Cavalry Regiment, and a mounted squadron inLondon as part of theHousehold Cavalry Mounted Regiment, performing ceremonial and public duties.[6]
Instead of being known as the Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons, the regiment is known as The Blues and Royals and is therefore the only regiment in the British Army to be officially known by its nickname as opposed to its full name.[7]
Newly commissioned officers in the Blues and Royals have the rank ofCornet, rather thanSecond Lieutenant as is the standard in the rest of the British Army. There is nosergeant rank in the Household Cavalry; the equivalent of a sergeant in another unit is Corporal of Horse; the equivalent ofRegimental Sergeant Major is Regimental Corporal Major, etc. KingEdward VII established that the rank of private should be replaced by the rank of trooper in the cavalry.[8]
The Blues and Royals is the only regiment in the British Army that allows troopers and non-commissioned officers, when not wearing headdress, to salute an officer. The custom started after theBattle of Warburg in 1760 byJohn Manners, Marquess of Granby, who commanded both the Royal Horse Guards and the Royal Dragoons, which were separate units at the time. During the battle, the Marquess had driven the French forces from the field, losing both his hat and his wig during the charge. When reporting to his commander,Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick, in the heat of the moment he is said to have saluted without wearing his headdress, having lost it earlier. When the Marquess of Granby became the Colonel of the Blues, the regiment adopted this tradition.[9]
When the Household Cavalry mounts an escort to the Sovereign on State occasions, a ceremonial axe with a spike is carried by aFarrier Corporal of Horse. The historical reason behind this is that when a horse was wounded or injured so seriously that it could not be treated, its suffering was ended by killing it with the spike. The axe is also a reminder of the days when the Sovereign's escorts accompanied royal coaches and when English roads were very bad. Horses often fell, becoming entangled in their harnesses and had to be freed with the cut of an axe. It is also said that in those times, if a horse had to be killed, its rider had to bring back a hoof, cut off with the axe, to prove to the Quartermaster that the animal was dead and hence preventing fraudulent replacement. Today, the axe remains as a symbol of the Farrier's duties.[10]
The Blues and Royals wear their chin strap under their chin, as opposed to theLife Guards, who wear it below their lower lip. On service dress, the Blues and Royals wear a blue lanyard on the left shoulder, as well as aSam Browne belt containing a whistle. In most dress orders, theWaterloo Eagle is worn on the left arm as part of dress traditions.[11] The Blues and Royals, as part of the Household Division, does not use theOrder of the Bath Star for its officer rank "pips", but rather theOrder of the Garter Star.[12]
Prince Harry wore the uniform at thewedding of his brother, Prince William, to Catherine Middleton.[13] Both Prince Harry andPrince William also received permission from the Queen to wear the frock coat version of the uniform toHarry's wedding to Meghan Markle.[14]
The modernmess dress worn by officers of the regiment reflects the traditions of the Royal Dragoons and includes a scarlet jacket with dark bluefacings.[15]
The commanding officers have been:[16]
The regiment's colonels-in-chief were as follows:[17]
The regiment's colonels were as follows:[17]
The battle honours are:[19]
*Awarded jointly with the Life Guards for services of theHousehold Cavalry Regiment
| Preceded by | Cavalry Order of Precedence | Succeeded by |
| General (lists) |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regiments and corps |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
