43°28′N96°35′W / 43.47°N 96.58°W /43.47; -96.58
Blood Run Site | |
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| Nearest city | Sioux Falls, South Dakota,Granite, Iowa, andCanton, South Dakota |
|---|---|
| Built | 1300 (possibly built over three millennia) though the site was inhabited regularly for 8500 years in other than mound era dwelling. |
| Architect | Ho-Chunk, Ioway, Otoe, Missouri |
| Architectural style | Civic, Ceremonial, Effigy, and Burial Mounds. Including a 1.25 miles (2.01 km) long snake mound destroyed for railroad fill (1930s). |
| NRHP reference No. | 70000246 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | August 29, 1970[1] |
| Designated NHL | August 29, 1970[2] |
TheBlood Run Site is an archaeological site on the border of the US states ofIowa andSouth Dakota. The site was essentially populated for 8,500 years, within which earthworks structures were built by theOneota Culture and occupied by descendant tribes such as theIoway,Otoe,Missouri, and shared withQuapaw and laterKansa,Osage, andOmaha (who were both Omaha andPonca at the time) people. The site was so named on account of the iron-stained soil.[3]
Arikara,Dakota, andCheyenne were regular traders with the village and Nakota/Dakota and Arikara people also regularly resided there in later years. The site overlaps the Iowa and South Dakota border, nearSioux Falls, South Dakota, betweenGranite, Iowa, andHarrisburg, South Dakota.[2]
Although declared aNational Historic Landmark in 1970, its integrity is endangered by gravel quarrying and looting.[2] The site was substantially looted and areas wholly destroyed by settlers and looters through the late 1930s and by subsequent generations of collectors. A possible snake mound rivaling theSerpent Mound in Ohio was used for railroad fill.[citation needed]
Blood Run was mapped in the early 18th century by Frenchvoyageurs trading with the village, which was then populated largely by Omaha people, but other cultures shared the area, about 480 mounds existed and a population of 10,000 Native people was documented in the corresponding census.[citation needed] In the late 19th century, 176 mounds were still visible. Today 78 mounds still exist, mostly burial. In 1987, the State of Iowa acquired a prominent portion of the site for a state park. The State of South Dakota Game, Fish, and Parks Commission, upon offer of land sale by owners Buzz and Lois Nelson and the sole civilian testimony by SD author ofBlood Run (book) (a volume supported by a SD Arts Council Grant) and Sioux Falls Public Schools and Office of Indian Education teacher,Allison Hedge Coke, the Commission voted to acquire the area as state park land in January 2003. Doug Hofer was a supportive presence at the hearing.[4]
In December 2011, South Dakota GovernorDennis Daugaard announced that an agreement was reached on the purchase option for 324 acres in the Blood Run Historical Landmark area on the Lincoln County, S.D., side of the Big Sioux River. "South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, the Parks and Wildlife Foundation and The Conservation Fund to acquire the property for $3.5 million before the end of the year, according to the governor’s office." "The Conservation Fund will purchase and hold the majority of the Nelson property until funds are available and then transfer it to the state of South Dakota."[5]
| Middle Mississippian |
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| South Appalachian Mississippian |
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| Fort Walton culture | |||||||||||
| Pensacola culture | |||||||||||
| Plaquemine Mississippian | |||||||||||
| Caddoan Mississippian | |||||||||||
| Upper Mississippian cultures |
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| Culture |
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| Doon |  | |
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| George | ||
| Granite | ||
| Klondike | ||
| Larchwood | ||
| Rock Rapids | ||
| Sheldon | ||
| International | |
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| National | |
