Bleeding orflushing is shiny, black surface film ofasphalt on theroad surface caused by upward movement of asphalt in thepavement surface.[1][2][3] Common causes of bleeding are too much asphalt inasphalt concrete, hot weather, low space air void content and quality of asphalt.[4] Bleeding is a safety concern since it results in a very smooth surface, without thetexture required to preventhydroplaning. Road performance measures such asIRI cannot capture the existence of bleeding as it does not increase the surface roughness.[2] But other performance measures such asPCI do include bleeding.[2][5]
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