The Archbishop of Melanesia is the spiritual head of theAnglican Church of Melanesia, which is a province of theAnglican Communion in theSouth Pacific region, covering the nations ofSolomon Islands andVanuatu. From 1861 until the inauguration ofChurch of the Province of Melanesia in 1975, theBishop of Melanesia was the head of theDiocese of Melanesia.

The Church of Melanesia consists of eight dioceses, formed into a single province. The Archbishop of Melanesia is therefore:

• Diocesan Bishop of the Diocese of Central Melanesia;
• Metropolitan Archbishop of the Province;
• Primate of the Melanesian Church, and its representative to the Anglican Primates' meeting.

The first Bishop of Melanesia wasJohn Patteson, consecrated in 1861. Three years later his church suffered its first two martyrdoms, and the Bishop was himself martyred in September 1871. He is now remembered in the calendar (list of saints) of many Anglican provinces. In 1922, the synod of the then-missionary diocese was constituted by the New Zealand General Synod (at the Bishop's and people's request).^[1] The mission to Melanesia advanced, and the diocese was subdivided and regional diocesan bishops created, until on 26 January 1975.^[2] it was officially formed into a new Province of the Anglican church^[3] with the Bishop of Melanesia,John Chisholm, becoming the first Bishop of Central Melanesia and Archbishop of Melanesia. With the 1975 foundation of the province, the Diocese of Melanesia was split in four: the Diocesesof Malaita,of Vanuatu andof Ysabel were erected and the remainder became the Central Melanesia diocese.^[4]

The primatial archbishop title belongsex officio to the diocesan bishop of that metropolitan see – as such, the bishop elected as archbishop leaves his previous see and is translated to Central Melanesia in order to become primate. Chisholm died shortly after appointment and the then dean of St. Barnabas Cathedral,Norman Palmer, was chosen the second archbishop. After Palmer's retirement, the third archbishop wasAmos Waiaru, who served untilEllison Pogo replaced him in the office where he served for fourteen years from 1994 to December 2008. He was honored byElizabeth II,Queen of Solomon Islands – becoming aKnight Commander of the Order of the British Empire – and byRowan Williams,Archbishop of Canterbury – who awarded him theCross of St Augustine.

From 1900/3 until 1910,Richard Blundell Comins, in what is now the nation ofSolomon Islands, was also called Archdeacon of Northern Melanesia.^[15] He was followed byWilliam Uthwatt until 1915.^[16]

In 1933/4, Baddeley constituted a new archdeaconry of Southern Melanesia; followed in 1934 by that of Northern Melanesia (or "for New Britain and the Goldfields"), and in 1934/5Ralph De Voil was collated the last Archdeacon of Northern Melanesia.^[17] De Voil was both priest-in-charge of St George'sRabaul and archdeacon until he returned to Great Britain in 1937.^[18]

Archdeacons of Southern Melanesia

• 1894-1902:John Palmer^[19]
• 1902–1913:Thomas Cullwick^[20]
• December 1933 – 1935:Richard Godfrey^[21]
• 13 July 1935 – 1939:Alfred Teall^[22]

The college of electors, who choose the new primate during a vacancy, last met from 3–5 March 2009, to carry out their electoral duties following Pogo's retirement.^[23] They electedDavid Vunagi,Bishop of Temotu, as the new Archbishop of Melanesia. He was therefore translated to theDiocese of Central Melanesia and became the Archbishop of Melanesiaex officio. He was enthroned on the Feast ofPentecost, 31 May 2009. He left office on 6 September 2015, being replaced as acting Primate by Nathan Tome. On 12 February 2016, George Takeli was elected to become the new Archbishop of Melanesia. He was enthroned on 17 April 2016 at Saint Barnabas' Provincial Cathedral, Honiara.^[24]

• Anglican archbishops of Melanesia
• Anglican bishops of Melanesia
• 1861 establishments in the British Empire
• Anglican episcopal offices

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