Bishnupur II | |
|---|---|
.svg) Location of Bishnupur II community development block in South 24 Parganas district | |
| Coordinates:22°22′52″N88°16′05″E / 22.3812°N 88.2680°E /22.3812; 88.2680 | |
| Country |  India |
| State |  West Bengal |
| Division | Presidency |
| District | South 24 Parganas |
| Subdivision | Alipore Sadar |
| Headquarters | Bakrahat |
| Government | |
| • Gram Panchayats | Bakhrahat, Chak Enayetnagar, Chandi, Gobindapur Kalicharanpur, Kanganberia, Khagramuri, Maukhali, Nahajari, Panchanan, Patharberia Jaychandipur, Ramkrishnapur Borhanpur |
| • Lok Sabha constituencies | Diamond Harbour |
| • Vidhan Sabha constituencies | Satgachhia |
| Area | |
• Total | 81.71 km2 (31.55 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 214,531 |
| • Density | 2,626/km2 (6,800/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 75,552 |
| Demographics | |
| • Literacy | 81.37 per cent |
| • Sex ratio | 957♂/♀ |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Bengali[1][2] |
| • Additional official | English[1] |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| Website | s24pgs |
Bishnupur II is acommunity development block that forms an administrative division inAlipore Sadar subdivision ofSouth 24 Parganas district in theIndianstate ofWest Bengal.
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The Bishnupur II CD block is located at22°22′52″N88°16′05″E / 22.3812°N 88.2680°E /22.3812; 88.2680. It has an average elevation of 9 metres (30 ft).
The Bishnupur II CD block is bounded by theThakurpukur Maheshtala CD block in the north, theBishnupur I CD block in the east, theFalta andMagrahat I CD blocks in the south and theBudge Budge I andBudge Budge II CD blocks in the west.[3][4]
TheSouth 24 Parganas district is divided into two distinct physiographic zones: the marine-riverine delta in the north and the marine delta zone in the south. As the sea receded southwards, in the sub-recentgeological period, a large low-lying plain became exposed. Bothtidal inflows and the rivers have deposited sediments in this plain. The periodical collapse of both the naturallevees and man-made embankments speed up the process of filling the depressions containingBrackish Water wetlands. The marine delta in the south is formed of interlacing tidal channels. As non-saline water for irrigation is scarce, agriculture ismonsoon-dominated. Some parts of the wetlands are still preserved for raising fish.[5]
The Bishnupur II CD block has an area of 81.71 km2. It has 1panchayat samity, 11gram panchayats, 167 gram sansads (village councils), 62mouzas and 52 inhabited villages, as per theDistrict Statistical Handbook for South Twenty-four Parganas.Bishnupur police station serves this CD Block.[6] Headquarters of this CD block is atBakrahat.[7]
Gram panchayats of the Bishnupur II CD block/panchayat samiti are: Bakhrahat, Chak Enayetnagar, Chandi, Gobindapur Kalicharanpur, Kanganberia, Khagramuri, Maukhali, Nahajari, Panchanan, Patharberia Jaychandipur and Ramkrishnapur Borhanpur.[8]
According to the2011 Census of India, the Bishnupur II CD block had a total population of 214,531, of which 138,979 were rural and 75,552 were urban. There were 109,603 (51%) males and 104,928 (49%) females. There were 23,351 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. TheScheduled Castes numbered 33,378 (15.56%) and theScheduled Tribes numbered 87 (0.04%).[9]
According to the2001 Census of India, the Bishnupur II CD block had a total population of 190,616, out of which 98,027 were males and 92,589 were females. the Bishnupur II CD block registered a population growth of 14.87% during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for theSouth 24 Parganas district was 20.89%. Decadal growth inWest Bengal was 17.84%. TheScheduled Castes at 33,282 formed around one-sixth the population. TheScheduled Tribes numbered 1,452.[10][11][12]
Census Towns in the Bishnupur II CD block (2011 census figures in brackets):Nahazari (17,422),Nadabhanga (5,927),Kanganbaria (6,657),Bora Gagangohalia (5,274),Chanddandaha (5,656),Barkalikapur (4,650),Patharberia (4,698),Ramkrishnapur (5,971),Amtala (8,765),Kriparampur (3,778) andChak Enayetnagar (6,754).[9]
Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in the Bishnupur II CD block (2011 census figures in brackets): Khagramuri (5,734), Joychandipur (4,541), Gobindapur (5,588), Sultanganja (4,486), Borahanpur (7,218), Gangarampur (4,016), Enayetnagar (4,617), Mirpur (4,676) and Chandi (13,332).[9]
Other villages in the Bishnupur II CD block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Maukhali (3,705).[9]
According to the 2011 census, the total number of literates in the Bishnupur II CD block was 155,554 (81.37% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 84,495 (86.44% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 71,059 (76.05% of the female population over 6 years). Thegender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 10.39%.[9]
According to the2011 Census of India, literacy in theSouth 24 Parganas district was 77.51%.[13] Literacy inWest Bengal was 77.08% in 2011.[14] Literacy inIndia in 2011 was 74.04%.[14]
According to the2001 Census of India, the Bishnupur II CD block had a total literacy of 73.42% for the 6+ age group. While male literacy was 81.77% female literacy was 64.54%. TheSouth 24 Parganas district had a total literacy of 69.45%, male literacy being 79.19% and female literacy being 59.01%.[10]
See also –List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate
| Literacy in CD blocks of South 24 Parganas district |
|---|
| Alipore Sadar subdivision |
| Bishnupur I – 78.33% |
| Bishnupur II – 81.37% |
| Budge Budge I – 80.57% |
| Budge Budge II – 79.13% |
| Thakurpukur Maheshtala – 83.54% |
| Baruipur subdivision |
| Baruipur – 76.46% |
| Bhangar I – 72.06% |
| Bhangar II – 74.49% |
| Jaynagar I – 73.17% |
| Jaynagar II – 69.71% |
| Kultali – 69.37% |
| Sonarpur – 79.70% |
| Canning subdivision |
| Basanti – 68.32% |
| Canning I – 70.76% |
| Canning II – 66.51% |
| Gosaba – 78.98% |
| Diamond Harbour subdivision |
| Diamond Harbour I – 75.72% |
| Diamond Harbour II – 76.91% |
| Falta – 77.17% |
| Kulpi – 75.49% |
| Magrahat I – 73.82% |
| Magrahat II – 77.41% |
| Mandirbazar – 75.89% |
| Mathurapur I – 73.93% |
| Mathurapur II – 77.77% |
| Kakdwip subdivision |
| Kakdwip – 77.93% |
| Namkhana – 85.72 |
| Patharpratima – 82.11% |
| Sagar – 84.21% |
| Source: 2011 Census: CD Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data |
At the time of the 2011 census, 99.47% of the population spokeBengali, 0.50%Hindi and 0.02%Urdu as their first language.[15]
In the2011 Census of India, Hindus numbered 132,844 and formed 61.92% of the population in the Bishnupur II CD block. Muslims numbered 80,651 and formed 37.60% of the population. Others numbered 1,036 and formed 0.48% of the population.[16]
The proportion of Muslims here has increased from 23.4% to 35.6% during the same period. Christians formed 0.8% in 2011.[17]
As per theHuman Development Report for the South 24 Parganas district, published in 2009, in the Bishnupur II CD block the percentage of householdsbelow poverty line was 10.62%, a comparatively low level of poverty. As per rural household survey in 2005, the proportion of households in the South 24 Parganas with poverty rates below poverty line was 34.11%, way above the state and national poverty ratios. The poverty rates were very high in theSundarbans settlements with all thirteen CD blocks registering poverty ratios above 30% and eight CD blocks had more than 40% of the population in the BPL category.[18]
In the Bishnupur II CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 4,787 and formed 5.96%, agricultural labourers numbered 10,927 and formed 12.81%, household industry workers numbered 13,705 and formed 17.05% and other workers numbered 51,576and formed 64.18%.[19] Total workers numbered 80,365 and formed 37.46% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 134,166 and formed 62.54% of the population.[20]
TheDistrict Human Development Report points out that in the blocks of region situated in the close proximity of the Kolkata metropolis, overwhelming majority are involved in the non-agricultural sector for their livelihood. On the other hand, in the Sundarbans settlements, overwhelming majority are dependent on agriculture. In the intermediate region, there is again predominance of the non-agricultural sector. Though the region is not very close to Kolkata, many places are well connected and some industrial/ economic development has taken place.[21]
Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under theFactories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.[22]
There are 52 inhabited villages in the Bishnupur II CD block, as per theDistrict Census Handbook, South Twenty-four Parganas, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 51 villages (98.08%) have drinking water supply. 13 villages (25.00%) have post offices. 48 villages (92.31%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 27 villages (51.92%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 19 villages (36.94%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 3 villages (5.77%) has agricultural credit societies and 6 villages (11.54%) have banks.[23]
The South 24 Parganas had played a significant role in theTebhaga movement launched by theCommunist Party of India in 1946. Subsequently,Operation Barga was aimed at securing tenancy rights for the peasants. In the Bishnupur II CD block 111.03 acres of land was acquired and vested. Out of this 84.81 acres or 76.88% of the vested land was distributed. The total number of patta (document) holders was 424.[24]
According to theDistrict Human Development Report, agriculture is an important source of livelihood in the South Twentyfour Parganas district. The amount of cultivable land per agricultural worker is only 0.41 hectare in the district. Moreover, the irrigation facilities have not been extended to a satisfactory scale. Agriculture mostly remains a mono-cropped activity.[25]
As per theDistrict Census Handbook, the saline soil of the district is unfit for cultivation, but the non-salty lands are very fertile. While rice is the main food crop, jute is the main cash crop.[26]
In 2013–14, there were 21 fertiliser depots, 37 seed stores and 44fair price shops in the Bishnupur II CD block.[27]
In 2013–14, the Bishnupur II CD block produced 752 tonnes ofAman paddy, the main winter crop from 1,953 hectares, 1,712 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 535 hectares.[27]
In the Bishnupur II CD block, in 2013–14, net area under effective pisciculture was 1,225 hectares, engaging 9,985 persons in the profession, and with an approximate annual production of 25,940 quintals.[27]
Pisciculture is an important source of employment in the South 24 Parganas district. As of 2001, more than 4.5 lakh people were engaged in Pisciculture. Out of this 2.57 lakhs were from the 13 blocks in the Sundarbans settlements.[28]
In 2013–14, the Bishnupur II CD block had offices of 14 commercial banks and 1gramin banks.[27]
The South 24 Parganas district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from theBackward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.[29][30]
Bishnupur II CD block has 11 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 17 km from the block headquarters.[27]
In 2013–14, the Bishnupur II CD block had 107 primary schools with 9,223 students, 3 middle schools with 504 students, 11 high schools with 5,356 students and 12 higher secondary schools with 10,584 students. Bishnupur II CD block had 1 general degree college with 2,281 students, 1 technical/ professional institution with 199 students and 320 institutions for special and non-formal education with 11,561 students.[27]
See also –Education in India
According to the 2011 census, in the Bishnupur II CD block, amongst the 52 inhabited villages, 2 villages did not have a school, 28 villages had two or more primary schools, 16 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 13 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.[31]
Vidyanagar College was established atVidyanagar in 1963.[32]
Certain areas of theSouth 24 Parganas district have been identified where ground water is affected byArsenic Contamination.[33] High levels of arsenic in ground water were found in twelve CD blocks of the district. Water samples collected from tubewells in the affected places contained arsenic above the normal level (10 micrograms per litre as specified by theWorld Health Organization). The affected CD blocks areBaruipur,Bhangar I,Bhangar II,Bishnupur I, Bishnupur II,Basanti,Budge Budge II,Canning I,Canning II,Sonarpur,Magrahat II andJaynagar I.[34]
In 2014, the Bishnupur II CD block had 1 block primary health centre, 1 primary health centre and 18 private nursing homes with total 215 beds and 39 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 26 family welfare subcentres. 1,774 patients were treated indoor and 131,275 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD block.[27]
According to the 2011 census, in the Bishnupur II CD block, 2 villages had primary health centres, 11 villages had primary health subcentres, 7 villages had maternity and child welfare centres, 11 villages had medicine shops and out of the 52 inhabited villages 19 villages had no medical facilities.[35]
Amtala Rural Hospital atAmtala with 50 beds is the major government medical facility in the Bishnupur II CD block. There areprimary health centres atSamali (PONahazari) (with 10 beds) and Moukhali (PO Charshyamdas) (with 6 beds).[36][37][38]
