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1232

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromBirths in 1232)

Calendar year
Years
Millennium
2nd millennium
Centuries
Decades
Years
1232 by topic
Leaders
Birth and death categories
Births –Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments –Disestablishments
Art and literature
1232 in poetry
1232 in variouscalendars
Gregorian calendar1232
MCCXXXII
Ab urbe condita1985
Armenian calendar681
ԹՎ ՈՁԱ
Assyrian calendar5982
Balinese saka calendar1153–1154
Bengali calendar638–639
Berber calendar2182
English Regnal year16 Hen. 3 – 17 Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar1776
Burmese calendar594
Byzantine calendar6740–6741
Chinese calendar辛卯年 (Metal Rabbit)
3929 or 3722
    — to —
壬辰年 (Water Dragon)
3930 or 3723
Coptic calendar948–949
Discordian calendar2398
Ethiopian calendar1224–1225
Hebrew calendar4992–4993
Hindu calendars
 -Vikram Samvat1288–1289
 -Shaka Samvat1153–1154
 -Kali Yuga4332–4333
Holocene calendar11232
Igbo calendar232–233
Iranian calendar610–611
Islamic calendar629–630
Japanese calendarKangi 4 /Jōei 1
(貞永元年)
Javanese calendar1141–1142
Julian calendar1232
MCCXXXII
Korean calendar3565
Minguo calendar680 beforeROC
民前680年
Nanakshahi calendar−236
Thai solar calendar1774–1775
Tibetan calendarལྕགས་མོ་ཡོས་ལོ་
(female Iron-Hare)
1358 or 977 or 205
    — to —
ཆུ་ཕོ་འབྲུག་ལོ་
(male Water-Dragon)
1359 or 978 or 206
Hubert de Burgh kneeling at an altar, byMatthew of Paris.

Year1232 (MCCXXXII) was aleap year starting on Thursday of theJulian calendar.

Events

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By place

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Europe

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England

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Africa

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  • TheAlmohad army besieges the city ofCeuta, where Abu Musa, rebellious brother of CaliphIdris al-Ma'mun, has received shelter and the support of the population. The Genoese rent a part of their fleet to the rebels, who successfully resist the forces of the caliph. The consequences of this revolt are threefold: the city becomesde facto independent from the Almohads, but its reliance on the Italian maritime powers increases, and theTrans-Saharan trade routes begin to shift eastward, due to the local turmoil.[5]

Mongol Empire

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  • February 9 –Battle of Sanfengshan: The Mongol army (some 50,000 warriors) defeats the Chinese Jin forces nearYuzhou. GeneralSubutai successfully wipes out the last field army of theJin dynasty – therefore sealing its fate of falling to theMongol Empire. During the encounter, also called the Battle of the Three-Peak Mountain, EmperorAizong of Jin orders the Jin army (some 150,000 men) to intercept the Mongols. The Jin soldiers are constantly harassed by small groups of Mongol cavalry on the way. When they arrive at Sanfeng Mountain, the Jin army is hungry and exhausted by heavy snowfall. The Jin forces are quickly defeated by the Mongols and flee in all directions.
  • April 8 –Mongol–Jin War: The Mongol army led byÖgedei Khan and his brotherTolui begins theSiege of Kaifeng (1232), capital of the Chinese Jin dynasty. During the summer, theJurchens try to end the siege by negotiating a peace treaty, but the assassination of a Mongol embassy makes further talks impossible. While the negotiations are going on, a plague is devastating the population of the city. In the meantime, supplies stored at Kaifeng are running out, and several residents of the city are executed on the suspicion that they are traitors.[6]
  • June –Mongol invasion of Korea:Choe Woo, Korean military dictator ofGoryeo, orders against the pleas of KingGojong and his senior officials, the royal court, and most ofSongdo's population to be moved toGanghwa Island. Woo starts the construction of strong defenses on Ganghwa Island, which becomes a fortress. The government orders the common people to flee the countryside and take refuge in major cities, mountain citadels, or nearby islands. The Mongols occupy much of northernKorea, but fail to capture Ganghwa Island.
  • December 16 –Battle of Cheoin: Korean forces defeat a Mongol attack at Cheoin (modern-dayYongin). The Mongol Empire concludes a peace treaty with Goryeo and withdraws its forces.

Japan

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By topic

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Literature

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Markets

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Religion

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Births

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Deaths

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References

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  1. ^Steven Runciman (1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 168.ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  2. ^Linehan, Peter (1999). "Chapter 21: Castile, Portugal and Navarre". InAbulafia, David (ed.).The New Cambridge Medieval History c.1198–c.1300. Cambridge University Press. pp. 668–673.ISBN 0-521-36289-X.
  3. ^Hywel Williams (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 138.ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  4. ^Page, William, ed. (1909). "Hospitals: Domus conversorum".A History of the County of London: Volume 1, London Within the Bars, Westminster and Southwark. London. pp. 551–4. RetrievedMarch 21, 2023 – via British History Online.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ^Picard, Christophe (1997).La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe–XIIIe siècle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
  6. ^Franke, Herbert (1994).The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Allien Regimes and Border States, 710–1368, p. 263. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-24331-5.
  7. ^Azuma Kagami (Hōjōbon) (in Japanese). Scroll 28.
  8. ^Zuijderduijn, Jaco (2009).Medieval Capital Markets. Markets for renten, state formation and private investment in Holland (1300-1550). Leiden/Boston: Brill.ISBN 978-9-00417565-5.
  9. ^Dal-Gal, Niccolò (1907)."St. Anthony of Padua".The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. Robert Appleton Company. RetrievedJune 13, 2011.
  10. ^Gregorovius, Ferdinand.History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages.9. p. 164.
  11. ^Smith, Thomas W. (2017). "The Use of the Bible in the Arengae of Pope Gregory IX's Crusade Calls". In Lapina, Elizabeth; Morton, Nicholas (eds.).The Uses of the Bible in Crusader Sources. Brill. pp. 206–235.
  12. ^Koller, Walter (2007)."MANFREDI, re di Sicilia".Dizionario Biografico (in Italian). Vol. 68. Rome.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  13. ^Saisset 1232 at theEncyclopædia Britannica
  14. ^Demurger, Alain (2008).Les templiers: une chevalerie chrétienne au Moyen âge. Points (Nouvelle éd. refondue ed.). Paris: Éd. du Seuil. p. 622.ISBN 978-2-7578-1122-1.
  15. ^Achard, Dominique (September 3, 2021).Les Maîtres du Temple: Hugues Payns (in French). Éditions Encre Rouge.ISBN 978-2-37789-852-7.
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