Bion (Βίων/ˈbaɪɒn/) was an ancient Greek bucolic poet fromSmyrna, probably active at the end of the second or beginning of the first century BC. He is named in theSuda as one of three canonical bucolic poets alongsideTheocritus andMoschus. One long poem aboutAdonis and seventeen shorter fragments of his poetry survive.
According to theSuda Bion was from Phlossa, which is not otherwise known but may have been one of the villages whichmade up Smyrna.[1] Ancient sources do not record Bion's dates or any details about his life,[2] but he likely was active in the late second or early first century BC.[3] An epitaph to Bion says that he was poisoned and implies that he died young.[1]
TheSuda and the scholiast on thePalatine Anthology name Bion alongsideTheocritus andMoschus as abucolic poet; he also wrote erotic poetry.[2] His surviving work comprises the "Lament to Adonis" and seventeen shorter fragments. All his surviving poetry is composed indactylic hexameter and in aDoric dialect, which is typical of ancient bucolic poetry.[4] The "Lament to Adonis" is 98 lines long; the other fragments are shorter, ranging from a single line to eighteen lines long,[2] and totalling around another 100 lines.[5] One of these fragments, about a bird hunter's attempt to huntEros, is probably a complete poem.[6] The remaining fragments seem to come from at least four further poems; no two fragments are certainly from the same poem.[7] The "Lament for Adonis" is influenced traditional Greek lament and specifically references Theocritus' "Lament for Daphnis".[8]
Bion's work continued to be read until the sixth century AD,[9] and was alluded to by ancient poets includingMeleager of Gadara,[10]Ovid,Catullus,[11] andNonnus.[12] The Greek novelistsAchilles Tatius,Longus, andHeliodorus also reference Bion.[13]Pseudo-Moschus' "Epitaph for Bion" references Bion's works, particularly the "Lament for Adonis".[14]
Bion's longest poem, the "Lament to Adonis", is preserved on two medieval manuscripts.[15] It was transmitted anonymously, with one source attributing it to Theocritus.[2] It was first attributed to Bion byJoachim Camerarius in 1530,[16] and has generally been attributed to Bion since, based on the "Epitaph for Bion"'s apparent references and metrical similarities with Bion's fragments.[17][2] The first sixteen fragments were preserved byJohannes Stobaeus;[18] the seventeenth fragment was preserved byOrion of Thebes.[19]
Another poem, anepithalamium for Achilles and Deidameia, is also transmitted anonymously in the manuscript tradition but has been attributed to Bion; however there is no strong evidence for this attribution.[20][2][21]
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Academics | |
| People | |
| Other | |
