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| Bingo dialect | |
|---|---|
| 備後弁 | |
 Bingo dialect area. | |
| Native to | Japan |
| Region | Hiroshima Prefecture |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
TheBingo dialect (Japanese:備後弁bingo-ben) is aJapanese dialect spoken in the Bingo Region (formerlyBingo Province) of easternHiroshima Prefecture. It is part of theChūgoku dialect group.
The dialects of Hiroshima Prefecture are broadly divided into that of the former Asano region, which included the formerAki Province and northern Bingo, and the dialect of the former Fukuyama region, which controlled south-eastern Bingo.[1] The former is commonly treated as theHiroshima (or Aki) dialect, whilst the Bingo dialect is considered the latter. More so than to the Hiroshima dialect, the Bingo dialect is similar to the neighbouringOkayama dialect, and is sometimes included along with it in a wider San'yō dialect. Due to being under the historical influence of Fukuyama, the vernacular of some cities that are located withinOkayama Prefecture in the present day, such asKasaoka andIbara, is similar to that of the Bingo dialect.
The Bingo dialect has a Tokyo standard (specificallyotsushu (乙種 ‘second grade’)pitch accent. A large section of Hiroshima Prefecture that includes the northern part of Bingo has a so-calledchuurin (中輪 ‘middle-ring’) Tokyo standard pitch accent. In the former Fukuyama area, however, second-class single-mora nouns likehi (日day) become pronounced with a rising pitch (hi ga (ひが)), giving it a so-callednairin (内輪 ‘inner ring’) Tokyo standard pitch accent, much like the majority of Okayama Prefecture.[2] In Fukuyama andOnomichi, the first section of a word has a rising pitch, such as inyama ga (やまが mountain retreat).[3]
Diphthongs are frequently merged, withai (あい) becoming a lengthened intermediate sound betweena ande (aē (あえぇ)) (orā (あぁ) in northern Bingo[4][5]). InFukuyama City, however, other than when starting a word,ai becomesyā (ャー), such as inakai (赤いred) →akyā (あきゃあ). This differs from the Aki dialect orYamaguchi dialect (whereai becomesā) and is a trait that extends to the Okayama dialect. Outside of Fukuyama however this merging is only found in the older generation. Other changes to diphthongs includeoi (おい) becomingē (えぇ) and ui (うい) becomingii (いい).[1]
Like other parts of Western Japan, the vowel sound u (う) is pronounced with the lips rounded and brought together horizontally.
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