From the days of therailroad, Binghamton was a transportation crossroads and a manufacturing center, and has been known at different times for the production of cigars, shoes, and computers.[8]IBM was founded nearby, and theflight simulator was invented in the city, leading to a notable concentration of electronics- and defense-oriented firms. This sustained economic prosperity earned Binghamton the moniker of theValley of Opportunity.[9] However, starting with job cuts made by defense firms towards the end of theCold War, the region lost a large part of its manufacturing industry.[10]
Today, while there is a continued concentration of high-tech firms, Binghamton is emerging as a healthcare- and education-focused city, withBinghamton University acting as much of the driving force behind this revitalization.[11]
The first known people of European descent to come to the area were the troops of theSullivan Expedition in 1779, during theAmerican Revolutionary War, who destroyed local villages of theOnondaga andOneida tribes.[9] The city was named afterWilliam Bingham, a wealthy Philadelphian who bought the 10,000 acrepatent for the land in 1786, then consisting of parts of the towns ofUnion andChenango.[9][12] Joshua Whitney, Jr., Bingham's land agent, chose land at the junction of theChenango andSusquehanna Rivers to develop a settlement, then namedChenango Point.[9][13] After being officially conveyed the land by Bingham on July 4, 1800, Whitney arranged for the construction of the settlement's first two streets, Court Street and Water Street, and the first residence was built later that year.[14][15] Whitney continued to expand Chenango Point and sell plots to new settlers, and helped erect the firstbridge in 1808.[9] The significant growth of Chenango Point led to its incorporation as avillage, and its official renaming as Binghamton, in 1834.[8][9]Daniel S. Dickinson was chosen to be the first village president.[9]
TheChenango Canal, completed in 1837, connected Binghamton to theErie Canal, and was the impetus for the initial industrial development of the area.[16] This growth accelerated with the completion of theErie Railroad between Binghamton and Jersey City, NJ in 1849.[17] With theDelaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad arriving soon afterward, the village became an important regional transportation center.[9][18] Several buildings of importance were built at this time, including theNew York State Inebriate Asylum, opened in 1858 as the first center in the United States to treat alcoholism as a disease.[19]
Binghamton incorporated as acity in 1867 and, due to the presence of several stately homes, was nicknamed theParlor City.[8] In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many immigrants moved to the area, finding an abundance of jobs. During the 1880s, Binghamton became the second-largest manufacturer ofcigars in the United States.[9] By the early 1920s,Endicott Johnson, a shoe manufacturer whose development ofwelfare capitalism resulted in many amenities for local residents, became the region's largest employer.[20] An even larger influx of Europeans immigrated to Binghamton, and the working class prosperity resulted in the area being called the Valley of Opportunity.[9][20]
In 1913, 31 people perished in theBinghamton Clothing Company fire, which resulted in reforms to the New York fire code.[21][22] Major floods in 1935 and 1936 resulted in a number of deaths and washed out the Ferry Street Bridge (now the Clinton Street Bridge). The floods led the city to build flood walls along the length of the Susquehanna and Chenango Rivers.[9][23]
During theSecond World War, growth continued asIBM, which was founded in greater Binghamton, emerged as a global technology leader.[24] Along withEdwin Link's invention of theflight simulator in Binghamton, IBM's growth helped transition the region to ahigh-tech economy. Other major manufacturers includedAnsco andGeneral Electric.[8] Until theCold War ended, the area never experienced an economic downfall, due in part to itsdefense-oriented industries.[9] The city's population peaked at around 85,000 in the mid-1950s.[25]
Post-warsuburban development led to a decline in the city's population and the rapid growth of the towns ofVestal andUnion.[9] Like many otherRust Belt cities, traditional manufacturers saw steep declines, though Binghamton's technology industry limited this impact.Urban renewal efforts to reverse these trends dominated construction in the city during the 1960s and early 1970s and led to the destruction of many ornate city buildings.[9] The construction included the creation ofGovernment Plaza, theBroome County Veterans Memorial Arena, and theBrandywine Highway.[26][27][28] While these projects failed to stem most of the losses, they established Binghamton as the region's government and cultural center.[9] The city's population declined from approximately 64,000 in 1969 to 56,000 by the early 1980s.[29]
As the Cold War ended in 1991 with the collapse of the Soviet Union, defense-related industries in the Binghamton area began to falter, resulting in several closures and widespread layoffs[1] These were most notable at IBM, which sold itsFederal Systems division and laid off several thousands of workers.[10] The local economy went into a deep recession, and the long-prevalent manufacturing jobs dropped by 64% from 1990 to 2013.[30]
In the 21st century, the city has tried to diversify its economic base to spur revitalization. The local economy has slowly transitioned toward services and healthcare.[11] Major emphasis has been placed onBinghamton University, which built a downtown campus in 2007[31] and several student housing complexes.[32] The increased downtown residential population and the university's plans to build additional student housing have spurred development of supporting businesses and a renewed focus on the riverfront.[33] Unfortunately, two severe floods have stymied the recovery: while most of the impact of theMid-Atlantic United States flood of 2006 was in the surrounding metropolitan area, the remnants ofTropical Storm Lee topped city flood walls in September 2011, causing $1 billion of damage in greater Binghamton.[34]
Confluence Park, facing west toward the confluence of theSusquehanna (left) andChenango (right) rivers
According to theU.S. Census Bureau, the city has an area of 11.14 square miles (28.9 km2), of which 10.49 square miles (27.2 km2) is land and 0.65 square miles (1.7 km2) (5.83%) is water.[7]
Binghamton, like all of theSouthern Tier of New York, lies on theAllegheny Plateau; hence its hilly terrain. As such, elevations can vary in the city--Downtown, for example, is at an elevation of around 860 feet (262 meters), while residential homes in the hills can go up to over 1,800 feet (548 meters), such as on Ingram Hill. The highest peak in Binghamton is Table Rock Ridge, which is at 1,854 feet.[36]
The Downtown area sits at the confluence of theChenango andSusquehanna Rivers, in the middle of a long but relatively narrow valley.[5] The north branch of theSusquehanna River passes south of downtown. This branch rises in eastern New York and receives a number of tributaries above Binghamton. In the center of the city, theChenango River feeds into the Susquehanna from the north at Confluence Park. The Binghamton River Trail, a 1.5 mile trail along the Chenango, runs between Cheri Lindsey Park on the Northside and Confluence Park in Downtown.[37] Eleven bridges span the rivers inside city limits. Broome County has 17.5 miles oflevees, many of which are in Binghamton.[38] Major floods have occurred in 1865, 1935, 1936,2006, and2011.[9][39][40]
The incorporation of Binghamton united various communities on both shores of the two rivers. The majority of the city's population and development lies along the rolling terrain nearest the riverbanks with sparse development in the hills that define the city limits. The old city was laid out on a grid system by Joshua Whitney, Jr.,[9] but as development spread to the outer regions of the city and merged with other settlements, several grids were eventually juxtaposed against each other. In the Southside, the grid breaks down, as more curvilinear roads make up the predominantly residential areas along the hills.
TheBeaux-Arts Security Mutual Life Building (1905)
The city was the traditional economic center of the region and is home to several historic districts. TheRailroad Terminal Historic District consists of several factories and buildings along the railroad line in the northern limits of downtown.[41] Over 1,000 properties on the West Side contribute to theAbel Bennett Tract Historic District, mainly made up of residential properties along Riverside Drive.[42] Downtown'sState Street-Henry Street Historic District consists of several older low-rise buildings.[43] TheCourt Street Historic District has some of the city's most notable architecture, including the Press Building and Security Mutual Building, early 20th century high rises, and theBroome County Courthouse.[44] The Press Building was the tallest building in Binghamton until the completion of the State Office Building inGovernment Plaza, which remains the tallest in the city.[45]
Away from downtown, most of the buildings are single- and multi-family dwellings, along with low-rise business buildings lining commercial arteries. Along the railroad corridors, several factories, mostly abandoned, rise above the otherwise-uniform landscape.
Main Street runs through the West Side, and continues west to serve as Main Street in the villages ofJohnson City andEndicott. On the east side of the Chenango River, the road becomesCourt Street, the major east–west artery in downtown and the East Side.
Binghamton is divided into seven neighborhoods.[46][47][48]Downtown Binghamton, also known as Center City, is home to most of the city's largest buildings and government services. Located at the northeast corner of the river confluence and increasingly populated by college students, it supports a flourishing arts scene.[33][49] TheNorth Side is across theNorfolk Southern rail tracks from downtown, along the Chenango River.[50] The North Side is a light commercial and working-class residential area of the city, with Chenango Street serving as its major artery. TheEast Side lies east of theBrandywine Highway, along the north bank of the Susquehanna River. The neighborhood is largely residential with commercial corridors along Robinson and Court streets, and it has pockets of industrial development along its borders.
Across the Chenango River lies theWest Side, a primarily residential neighborhood along the banks of the Susquehanna that has a combination of family homes, student housing, and stately mansions. Main Street's large supermarkets, pharmacies, bank branches, pubs, restaurants, auto shops, and a few strip malls form the West Side's commercial corridor.[51] TheFirst Ward, a largely residential neighborhood opposite the railroad tracks from the West Side, is best known for Antique Row, a series of antique shops that line Clinton Street. This part of the city is home to several gold-domed Christian churches built by the area's many Eastern European immigrants.[52] It is also home to several large supermarkets, churches, pharmacies, bank branches, a few bars and restaurants as well asmom and pop shops that provide such goods as video games and music. Ely Park, Binghamton's northernmost neighborhood, contains its municipal golf course.[53] It lies on parts of Prospect Mountain and other hills north of the First Ward.
TheSouthside lies along the south bank of the Susquehanna River and is connected to downtown by several bridges. At the base of the historicSouth Washington Street Bridge is the Southbridge commercial district.[54] The neighborhood is partitioned into two neighborhood assemblies, divided by Pennsylvania Avenue and Southbridge, due to their distinct characters.[46] Southside East has working-class residences and some public housing projects and is home to theIslamic Awareness Center, while Southside West is primarily made up of larger middle-class residences.
Binghamton has ahumid continental climate (KöppenDfb), with cold, snowy winters and warm, wet summers.[56] Summers in Binghamton are typified by warm yet temperate days, and there are an average of only 2.6 days annually where the high exceeds 90 °F (32 °C), with the highest recorded temperature at 98 °F (37 °C) on July 16, 1988.[55] Winters are less moderate, with 5.8 days with sub-0 °F (−18 °C) lows annually on average; the lowest recorded temperature was −20 °F (−29 °C) on January 15, 1957.[55] As with most cities in upstate New York, precipitation in Binghamton is spread evenly throughout the year.[56][55]
Binghamton's proximity to theGreat Lakes results in significant cloudiness and precipitation. Weather systems traveling over the lakes pick up moisture.[57][58][59] Like other cities near the Great Lakes, Binghamton has a large number of days with cloud cover and at least some precipitation. Binghamton has 190 cloudy or mostly cloudy days per year, which is the 11th most among US cities.[60] Cloudiness is most common during winter, with mostly cloudy or overcast skies 37% of the time in August but 68% of the time in January.[61] While average annual precipitation is 42 inches (107 cm), which is typical for the eastern half of the United States, Binghamton averages 164 days of measurable (at least .01 inches) precipitation, which is among the highest in the country.[57]
Snowfall is significant, with an annual total of 86.5 inches (220 cm). Binghamton is not as affected bylake-effect snow as cities further north or west such asSyracuse andBuffalo, which are part of the Great Lakessnowbelt.[62] However, persistent snow bands from both the Great Lakes and theFinger Lakes can reach Binghamton.[59] Binghamton receives occasional major snowfall fromnor'easter storms as well (such as the1993 Storm of the Century, or nearly four feet of snow in December 2020[63]), and competes for theGolden Snowball Award with other upstate cities.[62]
Climate data for Binghamton, New York (Greater Binghamton Airport; elevation 1636 feet), 1991–2020 normals,[a] extremes 1951–present[b]
As of thecensus[7] of2010, 47,376 people, 21,150 households, and 9,986 families resided in the city. The population density was 4,516.8 inhabitants per square mile (1,743.9/km2). There were 23,842 housing units at an average density of 2,273.1 per square mile (877.6/km2). Of all households, 20.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.9% weremarried couples living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 52.8% were non-families. 40.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 25.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and the average family size was 2.94.
Binghamton is home to an ethnically diverse population. During its industrial heyday, thousands of European immigrants moved to the city as they found an abundance of jobs and working-class prosperity. Many Irish, Italians, and Eastern Europeans settled in the area, and theAmerican Civic Association was created to help their transition to life andassimilation in the United States.[9][52] This influx led to a temporary rise in the localKu Klux Klan during the 1920s, with Binghamton serving as state headquarters. Area residents, who primarily embraced the different cultural heritages, quelled such anti-immigrant sentiment by founding several ethnic organizations and holding ethnic celebrations, at the encouragement ofEndicott-Johnson.[20][68] This has had a lasting effect on the city, which sports many churches and contemporary ethnic festivals, along with a population that is still predominantly white (though steadily decreasing in proportion). Binghamton also has a sizeableKurdish community, among the largest in New York, mostly originating fromIraqi Kurdistan.[69][70] As of 2010, Binghamton's racial makeup was 77.6%White, 11.4%Black orAfrican American, 0.3%Native American, 4.2%Asian, 0.04%Pacific Islander, 2.0% fromother races, and 4.4% from two or more races. 6.4% of the population wereHispanic orLatino of any race.
Due to its diversity, the region is home to many religious denominations. The First Ward, the historic home to much of the city's Eastern European population, houses several gold domed Orthodox churches.[52] As a result of its strong Italian and Irish heritage, the largest religious body in Broome County is the Catholic Church.[71] Binghamton falls under theRoman Catholic Diocese of Syracuse. Throughout the county, 105,064 people, or 52.4% of the total population, are listed as congregational adherents.[71]
Until the mid-1950s, Binghamton saw its population grow rapidly due to its industrial boom, and it was one of the largest 100 cities in the United States between 1890 and 1910.[9][25][72] Since 1950, the city has experienced sustained population loss, some of which was the result ofsuburbanization.[67] Much of the recent population loss has occurred throughout the region, and is skewed toward the younger population, resulting in the growth of the relative proportion of the elderly in Broome County.[73]
In the city, the age distribution was: 19.3% of the population under the age of 18, 15.0% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 16.1% who were 65 years of age or older.[6] The median age was 33.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.8 males.
The city's median household income was $30,978, and the median family income was $43,436. Males had a median full-time income of $40,170 versus $35,060 for females. The city'sper capita income was $20,576. About 23.6% of families and 33.3% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 47.3% of those under age 18 and 14.9% of those age 65 or over.
After the boom of the cigar industry in the 1880s,[9] the Binghamton area became increasingly reliant on large manufacturers, with bothEndicott Johnson, a shoe manufacturer, andIBM employing 15,000 to 20,000 local workers at their peak.[9][20] Other companies with a large historical presence includedLink Aviation Devices,Ansco, andGeneral Electric.[8] Several other notable businesses started in Binghamton, such asValvoline,[77] the Nineteen Hundred Washer Company (which merged to formWhirlpool),[78] andDr. Kilmer's Swamp Root, a famouspatent medicine.[79]Dick's Sporting Goods began as a fishing store in the East Side in 1948, and was headquartered in Binghamton until 1994.[80]
Much of Binghamton's current employment base is oriented toward technology and defense manufacturing, though the sector has been diminishing since 1990.[10][11] Areas of specialization includesystems integration,flight simulation, andprinted circuit board manufacturing. The largest such companies in the area areLockheed Martin,BAE Systems, IBM,Sanmina-SCI, andUniversal Instruments.[81] Other notable technology firms include i3 Electronics,[82]Rockwell Collins, andL-3 Communications, which absorbed the Link Aviation operations. Although not a large employer, theMcIntosh Laboratory is a well-known[83][84] high-end manufacturer of audio amplifiers, receivers, and other components.[85] Despite the sustained job losses, the Binghamton MSA had 13% of New York State's computer and electronics manufacturing jobs as of 2010.[81]
Education and health care are also becoming significant sectors in the regional economy.[11] In particular,Binghamton University andBroome Community College employ many researchers and educators. Binghamton University has a New York State Center of Excellence for small-scale systems integration, and it has provided the major impetus for the Southern Tier High TechnologyIncubator in downtown Binghamton, which encourages the growth of localstartups.[86]Upstate Medical University has worked to expand its clinical campus by establishing a permanent home at the formerNew York State Inebriate Asylum on the East Side.[87] Major companies in the private healthcare industry includeUnited Health Services andLourdes Hospital.[81]
Binghamton also has many food services and distribution companies. Maines Paper & Food Service and Willow Run Foods - two of the nation's largest food distributors who serve restaurants throughout the United States - have their headquarters in the area.[88][89] Maines is one of the largest private companies in the country.[88]Crowley Foods, a subsidiary ofHP Hood, maintains headquarters in Binghamton,[90] andFrito-Lay has a large plant in the region.[81]
Agriculture has long played a notable role in the regional economy, and thefarm bureau movement started in Binghamton in 1911.[91]
The region has several large shopping areas. Downtown Binghamton is home to aBoscov's department store,[94] and the development of large student housing projects has led to a resurgence of restaurants and service-oriented businesses.[33] While downtown was home to several major department stores and the center of regional shopping,[9] most shopping has moved toward the suburbs. The town of Vestal has several shopping centers andbig-box stores along a five-mile stretch of theVestal Parkway.[95] The village ofJohnson City is home to theOakdale Mall, the area's only indoorsuper regional mall.[96] Significant commercial development has also taken place in the town ofDickinson, with many shopping centers just north of the city. In the First Ward, Clinton Street is home to Antique Row, a collection of antique shops.[95]
Since the early 2000s, the region has developed a growing and pervasive arts scene.[97] These include a large cluster of art galleries[98] and shops centered around downtown Binghamton. These galleries have given rise to the First Friday Art Walk, through the efforts an association of local artists and merchants in Downtown Binghamton.[99] These events have drawn large crowds downtown since 2004. Artists of local prominence that display or have galleries includephotorealist painter Anthony Brunelli, Orazio Salati, andMarla Olmstead, a local child who achieved fame in the art world for her abstract art.[100][101][102]
TheBinghamton Philharmonic is the region's premier professional orchestra.[103] Founded in 1955, it provides symphonic music to all of theSouthern Tier.[104] Concerts are performed throughout the year, with a variety of classical, pops and chamber music.[105] TheTri-Cities Opera stages full-scale operas at the Broome County Forum. The professional company has performed since 1949, and is famed for its actor training program.[106] The region also has several other semi-professional and amateur orchestras and theaters such as theCider Mill Playhouse.[103]
Binghamton is known as the Carousel Capital of the World, as it houses six of the remaining antiquecarousels. Two are within city limits, one at Recreation Park and another at the Binghamton Zoo at Ross Park.[110] Other visitor attractions include thePhelps Mansion museum, theCutler Botanic Garden, theBundy Museum of History and Art, and the interactive, child-oriented Discovery Center.[108] The Center for Technology & Innovation, a museum dedicated to local industry, is under construction.[111][112]
The area is home to a popular regional dish known as thespiedie. Many of the area's restaurants serve spiedies, but they have only experienced limited penetration beyond theSouthern Tier andCentral New York.[113] Spiedies are celebrated at the Spiedie Fest and Balloon Rally, which is held at Otsiningo Park each August and attracts over 100,000 people annually.[114]
The city's other annual events include theSt. Patrick's Day parade in March,[115] July Fest (a festival of jazz music, arts, and crafts held downtown since 1962),[116] the 100-year-old St. Mary of the Assumption Bazaar in August,[117] theLUMA Projection Arts Festival in September,[118] Binghamton Porchfest (a free annual music festival featuring hundreds of performances staged on West Side residential porches), Blues on the Bridge (a September music festival that takes place on theSouth Washington Street Bridge),[119] and the Columbus Day Parade and Italian Festival every October, which includes a marching band competition.[120] Broome County is home to several festivals (including a significant concentration of ethnic celebrations due to its heritage), which the New York Department of Economic Development recognized in 2001 as the year's officialI Love New York festival, and collectively dubbed the "Festival of Festivals".[121] Notable former festivities include the Yegatta Regatta and the Pops on the River concert.[122]
Residents of Binghamton typically speak theInland Northern dialect ofAmerican English, and the region falls within a distinctisogloss that also containsBuffalo,Rochester, andSyracuse.[123] Much of the local accent has been subject to theNorthern Cities Vowel Shift, though this has not fully taken hold.[124] Unlike people in other Inland Northern cities, people in Binghamton typically refer toathletic shoes assneakers (as opposed totennis shoes) and tosoft drinks assoda (as opposed topop).[125]Binghamton was also the home of a branch of the Dunder-Mifflin Paper Company from the television show the Office. The branch was closed down on a drunken bender by CEO Robert California starting a branch war between Scranton and Albany.
The 1887 Binghamton Bingoes of the International League attracted national attention when the white players revolted against the two black players on the team. The reaction around the league forced Binghamton to release the black players, and the team folded soon after.
TheBinghamton Triplets of the Eastern League, founded in 1923, became a farm club of the New York Yankees in 1932, and sent many players to New York through 1968, when the team folded. Notably, theHall of Fame pitcherWhitey Ford was a starting pitcher for the Triplets in 1949.
Binghamton has also been home to two semiprofessional football teams, the Broome County Dragons (members of the Empire Football League) and the Southern Tier Green Machine (members of the North American Football League). In addition, two women's football teams called Binghamton home; theBinghamton Tiger Cats (members of theIndependent Women's Football League) and theSouthern Tier Spitfire (members of theWomen's Football Alliance). As of 2015, none of these teams play. Founded in 2018, the Broome County Stallions play as part of the Northeastern Football Alliance.
TheB.C. Open was an officialPGA Tour event held annually from 1971 to 2005 at Endicott's En-Joie Golf Course. (Note that the 2006 B.C. Open had to be played in Verona, N.Y. due to extensive damage during theJune 2006 Flooding of the Susquehanna River.) Beginning in 2007, the area hosted a PGA Tour Champions event, theDick's Sporting Goods Open. The event replaced theB.C. Open and continues to be played at En-Joie Golf Course in Endicott.
Since 1978 a round of theAmerican Motorcyclist Association'sMotocross Championship has taken place at the nearby Broome-Tioga Sports Center. This round of the series recently moved to Texas and is no longer hosted by the Broome-Tioga Sports Center. They also host the New York State Motocross Championships each fall and many other semi-pro events throughout the season.
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Binghamton is known for its bicycling and walking clubs, facilities, and trails. The Binghamton River Trail is an urban trail starting at Confluence Park, where the rivers merge, and traveling alongside the Chenango River, past the Martin Luther King, Jr. Promenade and Noyes Island, up to Cheri A. Lindsey Park in the North Side.
Since its incorporation as a city in 1867, Binghamton has been a municipality with a "strong"mayor–council form of government. The city government, originally housed in the old Municipal Building on Collier Street (now the Grand Royale Hotel), is now based at the Binghamton City Hall which occupies the west-wing ofGovernment Plaza on the corner of State and Hawley streets. The mayor and councilors are elected to four-year terms and are limited to serving two terms.[citation needed] The Binghamton City Council is a unicameral body of seven Council members whose districts are defined by geographic population boundaries.
The city was home to the now-defunct Ridley-Lowell Business & Technical Institute, which was founded in Binghamton in 1850.[138][139]
The suburb ofVestal is home to the main campus ofBinghamton University. The university, one of four university centers in theSUNY system, has approximately 19,000 students.[140] Binghamton University is a selective[141] top-ranking public university,[142] and is considered to be aPublic Ivy.[143] It also has a large research presence, including a New York State Center of Excellence for small-scalesystems integration. While the campus is in Vestal, many students who live off-campus find housing in theWest Side. There has also been a recent push for student housing downtown to help revitalize the business district.[144] In addition to its downtown campus, the university operates the Southern Tier High TechnologyIncubator in the city,[86] and it is restoring theNew York State Inebriate Asylum on the East Side for future use.[145]
SUNY Broome (formerly Broome Community College) is just north of the city inDickinson. A two-year SUNY college, the school has 6,000 commuter students.[146] Formerly specializing in technical education, SUNY Broome started in downtown Binghamton and stood at the Washington Street Armory until a fire in 1951.[147] The college built the Student Village residence hall on campus in 2014 to attract residential students.[148] SUNY Broome also offers courses at several off-campus locations, two of which are in the city.[149] The college is renovating the formerCarnegie Library into the SUNY Broome Culinary & Event Center, which will house its hospitality programs.[150][151]
Electricity and natural gas service are supplied and distributed byNew York State Electric and Gas. The city's only cable provider isCharter Spectrum, which also offers high-speed internet and digital phone.Verizon provides local telephone and internet service.Greenlight Networks offers fiber-optic internet.[161] The City Department of Public Works handles garbage and recycling, and maintains city street lights.[162]
The city government maintains water and sewer services. Binghamton's primary source ofpotable water is theSusquehanna River, which is fed through a water treatment facility.[163] Sewage is treated and released back into the Susquehanna downstream, at the Binghamton–Johnson City Joint Sewage Treatment Plant. The sewage plant was severely damaged byTropical Storm Lee, and will require $90 million of repairs.[164]
United Health Services (UHS) operates Binghamton General Hospital in the Southside and Wilson Medical Center in Johnson City, while the Guthrie Clinic operatesGuthrie Lourdes Hospital on the West Side.[165] The Dr. Garabed A. Fattal Community Free Clinic is run byUpstate Medical University, and offers services with the Broome County Health Department and United Health Services.[166]The New York State Office of Mental Health operates the Greater Binghamton Health Center, which will become a regional center of excellence forchildren's behavior.[167]
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^Sanders, Craig (2003).Limiteds, locals, and expresses in Indiana, 1838–1971. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. pp. 145–149.ISBN978-0-253-34216-4.
^"Binghamton, New York".Interactive City Directory. Sister Cities International. Archived fromthe original on June 28, 2014. RetrievedSeptember 2, 2013.
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