Current season, competition or edition: 2025 Billie Jean King Cup | |
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| Sport | Tennis |
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| Founded | 1963; 62 years ago (1963) |
| No. of teams | 8 (World Group) 99 (total 2016)[1] |
| Countries | ITF member nations |
| Most recent champion |  Italy (6th title) |
| Most titles |  United States (18 titles) |
| Official website | billiejeankingcup.com |
| Women's pro tennis |
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Defunct tiers and events
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TheBillie Jean King Cup, abbreviated as theBJK Cup, is the premier international team competition in women's tennis, launched as theFederation Cup in1963 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of theInternational Tennis Federation (ITF). The name was changed to theFed Cup in 1995, and changed again in September 2020 in honor of formerWorld No. 1Billie Jean King.[2][3] The Billie Jean King Cup is the world's largest annual women's international team sports competition in terms of the number of nations that compete.[4][5] The current chair isKatrina Adams.[6]
The men's equivalent of the Billie Jean King Cup is theDavis Cup, and the Czech Republic, Australia, Russia, Italy and the United States are the only countries to have won both Cups in the same year.
In 1919,Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman had an idea for a women's team tennis competition. This was not adopted but she persisted, presenting a trophy at the 1923 annual contest between the United States and Great Britain, named theWightman Cup.
Nell Hopman, wife of the legendaryAustralian Davis Cup CaptainHarry Hopman, later took up Mrs Wightman's original idea. In 1962, a British resident of the United States,Mary Hardwick Hare, presented a dossier proving that support for such an event was overwhelming, persuading the ITF that it was a 'good idea' to have a team championship played over one week in a different venue each year. 40 years after Wightman's idea of a women'sDavis Cup, it became a reality. In 1963, the ITF launched the Federation Cup to celebrate its 50th anniversary. Open to all nations the competition became a resounding success.
Theinaugural event attracted 16 countries. The competition was supported by the top players right from the start. Held at theQueen's Club, in London, the first contest was betweenAustralia and theUnited States.Grand Slam championsDarlene Hard,Billie Jean King,Margaret Smith andLesley Turner all proudly representing their country on court. The United States would emerge the champion nation in the opening year. However, it was to be Australia in the early years, winning seven of the next eleven championships. Around 1980 the United States was able to establish some significant mark on the competition setting in future years a very high standard for others to compete against.
The first Federation Cup had attracted 16 entry teams, despite no prize money and teams having to meet their own expenses. When sponsorship became available, the number of teams expanded dramatically, first by theColgate Group in1976, and, from1981 to1994 by the Japanese communications and computer giantNEC. In 1994, there were 73 nations competing, with the host nation of a Federation Cup week was now being required to build a special tennis complex, giving rise to what became known as the Federation Cup "legacy". The additional costs of each event could be offset with the host nations viewing their involvement as providing an opportunity to boost their national game.
For the1992, a regional group qualifying format was introduced. In 1995, the event's name was shortened to the Fed Cup, and a new home-and-away format was adopted as per the Davis Cup, so that women could play for their country in their own country. There have been a number of smaller changes to the format since 1995. The format change implemented in 2005 incorporates an eight Nation World Group I and eight nation World Group II both playing home-and-away over three weekends throughout the year. Three regional groups compete and there are promotions and relegations based on results.
The 2021 edition is set to have US$12 million in prize money.
In April 2025, the sports betting platform1xBet was named theOfficial Global Betting Partner of the event.[7] The deal includes exclusive branding rights across qualifiers, playoffs, and finals until 2026, marking the first standalone betting sponsorship of BJK's history.[8]
Since 2010, the Billie-Jean King Cup has been restored each year byThomas Lyte, British silverware manufacturers. The trophy, which was first crafted in 1963 and stands at a height of 42cm, returns to Thomas Lyte's London workshop annually for full repair and restoration work.[9]
While many nations enter the BJK Cup each year, only 16 countries qualify for the elite World Group and World Group II each year (eight in World Group and eight in World Group II).[10]
They reach World Group and World Group II as follows:
Once in the World Group or World Group II, four nations will be seeded in each. The decision as to which nations will be seeded is made by the BJK Cup Committee, according to the ITF BJK Cup Nations Ranking.
At the levels below the World Group and World Group II, the BJK Cup nations compete in Zonal Competition events, which are split into three zones: The Americas Zone, the Asia/Oceania Zone and the Europe/Africa Zone. In each zone there are two groups, Group I being the higher and Group II the lower, except for the Europe/Africa Zone, which also has a Group III.
Within the Group zonal regions, teams are split into pools and play against each other in a round robin format. The exact format of each Group event, and promotion and relegation between them, varies according to the number of participating teams. Two teams are always promoted from Europe/Africa Group I to that year's World Group II Play-Offs, while one team each go to the World Group II Play-Offs from Americas Group I and Asia/Oceania Zone Group I.
This structure has been implemented since 2016.[10][11]
| Level | Group(s) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | World Group I 8 countries | ||
| World Group I Playoff 4 countries from World Group I +4 countries from World Group II | |||
| 2 | World Group II 8 countries | ||
| World Group II Playoff 4 countries from World Group II +2 countries from Group One Euro/African Zone | |||
| 3 | Group One American Zone 8 countries | Group One Euro/African Zone 15 countries | Group One Asia/Oceania Zone 7 countries |
| 4 | Group Two American Zone 11 countries | Group Two Euro/African Zone 7 countries | Group Two Asia/Oceania Zone 15 countries |
| 5 | Group Three Euro/African Zone 16 countries | ||
In World Group and World Group II, and World Group and World Group II Play-off ties, each tie is contested in a best of five matches format, and is played across two days. On the first day there are two singles matches, and then the reverse singles matches take place on the following day. The final match is a doubles.
In Zonal Groups I, II and III, ties are played over the best of three matches (two singles and a doubles).
The First Round Ties in the World Group and World Group II are played on a home and away knock-out basis, and take place over a weekend in the early part of the year.
World Group Semi-finals and Final are played over on a home and away knock-out basis, and take place over a weekend in July (Semi-finals) and September (Final).
Play-off ties for World Group and World Group II will also be played on a home and away knock-out basis taking place in July.
The choice of ground for First Round, Semi-finals and Play-off ties is decided by lot or goes automatically to one of the competing nations.
As Groups I, II and III are played in a round robin format in all three zones, each event takes place at a single venue over one week. These are held in the first half of the year (to allow promotion of teams to the World Group II Play-off ties in the second half of the year), and dates and venues are decided by the BJK Cup Committee.
| Country | Years won | Runners-up |
|---|---|---|
| United StatesJ | 1963,1966,1967,1969,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1986,1989,1990,1996,1999,2000,2017 (18) | 1964,1965,1974,1985,1987,1991,1994,1995,2003,2009,2010,2018,2025 (13) |
 CzechoslovakiaJ Czech RepublicJ | 1975,1983,1984,1985,1988,2011,2012,2014,2015,2016,2018 (11) | 1986 (1) |
 AustraliaJ | 1964,1965,1968,1970,1971,1973,1974 (7) | 1963,1969,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1984,1993,2019,2022 (12) |
| ItalyJ | 2006,2009,2010,2013,2024,2025 (6) | 2007,2023 (2) |
 Soviet Union RussiaJ RTF | 2004,2005,2007,2008,2020–21 (5) | 1988,1990,1999,2001,2011,2013,2015 (7) |
 Spain | 1991,1993,1994,1995,1998 (5) | 1989,1992,1996,2000,2002,2008 (6) |
 FranceJ | 1997,2003,2019 (3) | 2004,2005,2016 (3) |
 West GermanyJ GermanyJ | 1987,1992 (2) | 1966,1970,1982,1983,2014 (5) |
 Switzerland | 2022 (1) | 1998,2020–21 (2) |
 South AfricaJ | 1972 (1) | 1973 (1) |
 BelgiumJ | 2001 (1) | 2006 (1) |
 Slovakia | 2002 (1) | 2024 (1) |
 Canada | 2023 (1) | – |
 Great Britain | – | 1967,1971,1972,1981 (4) |
 Netherlands | – | 1968,1997 (2) |
 Serbia | – | 2012 (1) |
 Belarus | – | 2017 (1) |
Source:[13]
J -Won both the Billie Jean King Cup and the Junior Billie Jean King Cup titles.
| Country | Titles | First | Last |
|---|---|---|---|
| Czech Republic | 6 | 2011 | 2018 |
| Italy | 6 | 2006 | 2025 |
| RussiaRTF | 5 | 2004 | 2021 |
| United States | 4 | 1996 | 2017 |
| France | 3 | 1997 | 2019 |
| Spain | 2 | 1995 | 1998 |
| Belgium | 1 | 2001 | |
| Slovakia | 1 | 2002 | |
| Switzerland | 1 | 2022 | |
| Canada | 1 | 2023 | |
| Country | Yrs | Won | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | 4 | 0 | SF | F | RR | QF | DNQ |
| Belarus | 1 | 0 | RR | susp. | susp. | susp. | susp. |
| Belgium | 2 | 0 | RR | RR | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ |
| Canada | 4 | 1 | RR | RR | W | QF | DNQ |
 China | 1 | 0 | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | QF |
| Czech Republic | 4 | 0 | RR | SF | SF | QF | DNQ |
| France | 2 | 0 | RR | DNQ | RR | DNQ | DNQ |
| Germany | 3 | 0 | RR | DNQ | RR | 1R | DNQ |
| Great Britain | 3 | 0 | DNQ | SF | DNQ | SF | SF |
| Italy | 4 | 2 | DNQ | RR | F | W | W |
 Japan | 2 | 0 | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | QF | QF |
 Kazakhstan | 3 | 0 | DNQ | RR | RR | DNQ | QF |
 Poland | 3 | 0 | DNQ | RR | RR | SF | DNQ |
 Romania | 1 | 0 | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | 1R | DNQ |
| Russia | 1 | 1 | W | susp. | susp. | susp. | susp. |
| Slovakia | 3 | 0 | RR | RR | DNQ | F | DNQ |
 Slovenia | 1 | 0 | DNQ | DNQ | SF | DNQ | DNQ |
| Spain | 5 | 0 | RR | RR | RR | 1R | QF |
| Switzerland | 3 | 1 | F | W | RR | DNQ | DNQ |
 Ukraine | 1 | 0 | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | SF |
| United States | 5 | 0 | SF | RR | RR | 1R | F |
United States, 1976–1982 Australia, 1973–1980 France 4–1 Japan,1997 World Group First Round Canada 2–1 Switzerland,1977 Consolation Second Round Australia 4 Belarus 1 Belgium 2 Canada 4 China 1 Czech Republic 4 France 2 Germany 3 Great Britain 3 Italy 4 Japan 2 Kazakhstan 3 Poland 3 Romania 1 Russia 1 Slovakia 3 Slovenia 1 Spain 5 Switzerland 3 Ukraine 1 United States 5
Greece; 12 years, 360 days1
Bermuda; 52 years, 162 days
Luxembourg Spain Spain Soviet Union /
Latvia Netherlands defeatedSvetlana Kuznetsova, Russia in 4 hours, 7–6(7–4), 5–7, 10–8.[14] Czech Republic1Players must now be aged 14 and over
The Heart Award is the ITF's annual "MVP" award related to the Billie Jean King Cup, which "aims to recognise players who have represented their country with distinction, shown exceptional courage on court and demonstrated outstanding commitment to the team."[15] The award was inaugurated in 2009.
For more information, seeITF rankings
| ITF Billie Jean King Cup Nations Ranking, as of 3 December 2024[update] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| # | Nation | Points | Move† |
| 1 | Italy | 1,228.75 |  2 |
| 2 | Canada | 1,066.25 |  1 |
| 3 | Czech Republic | 1,028.75 | 1 |
| 4 | Slovakia | 1020.00 | 6 |
| 5 | Australia | 973.75 | 1 |
| 6 | Poland | 961.25 | 3 |
| 7 | Great Britain | 955.00 | 5 |
| 8 | Switzerland | 940.00 | 1 |
| 9 | United States | 935.00 | 4 |
| 10 | Spain | 922.50 | 4 |
| 11 | Germany | 907.50 | 3 |
| 12 | Kazakhstan | 817.50 | 1 |
| 13 | Romania | 816.25 | 2 |
| 14 | Japan | 786.25 | 1 |
| 15 | France | 778.75 | 1 |
| 16 | Slovenia | 703.75 |  |
| 17 | Netherlands | 703.25 | 4 |
| 18 | Belgium | 697.50 | 1 |
| 19 | Ukraine | 687.50 | 1 |
| 20 |  Brazil | 678.75 | 1 |
†Change since previous ranking update
Source:[16]
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| Editions by year | |
| World Group / Finals | |
| Qualifying rounds | |
| Play-offs | |
| World Group II | |
| 2024 BJK Cup finals teams | |
| Former World Group teams (in the current format, since 1995) | |
| Players | |
Billie Jean King Cup Americas Zone | |
|---|---|
| 2020–21 Americas Zone Group I teams | |
| 2022 Americas Zone Group II teams | |
| Editions of the Billie Jean King Cup Americas Zone | |
Billie Jean King Cup Asia/Oceania Zone | |
|---|---|
| 2022 Asia/Oceania Zone Group I teams | |
| 2022 Asia/Oceania Zone Group II teams | |
| Editions of the Billie Jean King Cup Asia/Oceania Zone | |
Billie Jean King Cup Europe/Africa Zone | |
|---|---|
| 2022 Europe/Africa Zone Group I teams | |
| 2022 Europe/Africa Zone Group II teams | |
| 2022 Europe/Africa Zone Group III teams | |
| Editions of the Billie Jean King Cup Europe/Africa Zone | |
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